Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2724511084', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'title': 'The impact and challenges of sustainable biogas implementation: moving towards a bio-based economy', 'display_name': 'The impact and challenges of sustainable biogas implementation: moving towards a bio-based economy', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-06-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2724511084', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'mag': '2724511084'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'pdf_url': 'https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2736619039', 'display_name': 'Energy Sustainability and Society', 'issn_l': '2192-0567', 'issn': ['2192-0567'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054934496', 'display_name': 'Ralph Muvhiiwa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-0946'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'display_name': 'University of South Africa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048cwvf49', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ralph Muvhiiwa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051067239', 'display_name': 'Diane Hildebrandt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-8855'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'display_name': 'University of South Africa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048cwvf49', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Diane Hildebrandt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012819133', 'display_name': 'Ngonidzashe Chimwani', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-5120'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'display_name': 'University of South Africa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048cwvf49', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ngonidzashe Chimwani', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086615518', 'display_name': 'Lwazi Ngubevana', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9568-7885'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'display_name': 'University of South Africa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048cwvf49', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lwazi Ngubevana', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060246107', 'display_name': 'Tonderayi S. Matambo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-3772'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'display_name': 'University of South Africa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048cwvf49', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tonderayi Matambo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Materials and Process Synthesis (MaPS) and Engineers Without Borders (EWB)-Unisa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), c/o Christiaan de Wet & Pioneer Avenue, Florida Campus 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5054934496'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1190, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 1459, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1190, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 1459, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 4.352, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 57, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.884826, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '7', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10284', 'display_name': 'Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production', 'score': 0.9233, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2215', 'display_name': 'Building and Construction'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10284', 'display_name': 'Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production', 'score': 0.9233, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2215', 'display_name': 'Building and Construction'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biogas', 'display_name': 'Biogas', 'score': 0.79653186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ignorance', 'display_name': 'Ignorance', 'score': 0.4788606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-waste', 'display_name': 'Animal waste', 'score': 0.45479468}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75212476', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076', 'display_name': 'Biogas', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.79653186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.58813256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206658404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725', 'display_name': 'Electricity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.513161}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98045186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663', 'display_name': 'Process (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49025184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778732403', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815577', 'display_name': 'Ignorance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4788606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992766967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716', 'display_name': 'Animal waste', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45479468}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134560507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291', 'display_name': 'Environmental economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4308932}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91375879', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274', 'display_name': 'Environmental planning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35486636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162853370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809', 'display_name': 'Marketing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33818835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28521836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22810191}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21174708}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18408227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16776392}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16359115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'pdf_url': 'https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2736619039', 'display_name': 'Energy Sustainability and Society', 'issn_l': '2192-0567', 'issn': ['2192-0567'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/859e98289efb4bfd9b5fb56c1d0f9794', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'pdf_url': 'https://energsustainsoc.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13705-017-0122-3', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2736619039', 'display_name': 'Energy Sustainability and Society', 'issn_l': '2192-0567', 'issn': ['2192-0567'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 10, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1557459633', 'https://openalex.org/W1566020151', 'https://openalex.org/W2026850016', 'https://openalex.org/W2057061345', 'https://openalex.org/W2071502303', 'https://openalex.org/W2342611671', 'https://openalex.org/W3096264484', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4401148767', 'https://openalex.org/W636341350'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4206036160', 'https://openalex.org/W3132716659', 'https://openalex.org/W2990180824', 'https://openalex.org/W2980657556', 'https://openalex.org/W2920456304', 'https://openalex.org/W2807217876', 'https://openalex.org/W2378853343', 'https://openalex.org/W2279996599', 'https://openalex.org/W2271622186', 'https://openalex.org/W2171895984'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Engineers': [0], 'face': [1], 'increasing': [2], 'pressure': [3], 'to': [4, 25, 39, 42, 118, 153, 178, 232, 243, 320, 330, 344, 353], 'manage': [5], 'and': [6, 49, 54, 133, 145, 156, 176, 181, 239, 351], 'utilize': [7], 'waste': [8, 30, 75], '(whether': [9], 'of': [10, 28, 61, 96, 122, 142, 172, 199, 227, 236, 279, 283, 292, 303, 311, 335], 'animal,': [11], 'human': [12], 'or': [13], 'municipal': [14], 'origin)': [15], 'in': [16, 31, 35, 71, 206, 210, 245, 271, 300, 338], 'a': [17, 23, 51, 90, 165, 200, 246, 258, 277, 312, 332], 'sustainable': [18, 55], 'way.': [19], 'We': [20, 287], 'suggest': [21], 'that': [22, 58, 148, 289], 'solution': [24], 'the': [26, 62, 68, 99, 120, 128, 143, 167, 170, 192, 196, 207, 224, 228, 237, 261, 280, 284, 290, 293, 304, 322], 'problem': [27], 'organic': [29], 'rural': [32, 154], 'communities': [33, 347], 'lies': [34], 'their': [36, 179, 252], 'being': [37], 'able': [38], 'convert': [40], 'it': [41, 159, 341], 'biogas': [43, 73, 336], 'technology.': [44, 323], 'This': [45], 'would': [46], 'offer': [47], 'smallholders': [48], 'farmers': [50], 'long-term,': [52], 'cheap': [53], 'energy': [56, 97], 'source': [57, 95, 260], 'is': [59, 89, 342], 'independent': [60], 'national': [63], 'electricity': [64], 'grid.': [65], 'However,': [66], 'although': [67], 'technology': [69, 337], 'involved': [70, 299], 'making': [72], 'from': [74, 106, 276], 'has': [76, 114], 'already': [77], 'been': [78, 298], 'fully': [79], 'developed,': [80], 'there': [81, 88], 'are': [82], 'obstacles': [83], 'impeding': [84], 'its': [85, 174], 'adoption.': [86], 'First,': [87], 'general': [91, 140], 'ignorance': [92], 'about': [93], 'this': [94, 272], 'among': [98], 'very': [100], 'people': [101], 'who': [102, 296], 'can': [103, 150], 'most': [104], 'benefit': [105], 'using': [107, 219], 'it.': [108], 'Second,': [109], 'at': [110], 'present,': [111], 'South': [112, 212, 339], 'Africa': [113], 'no': [115], 'regulatory': [116], 'framework': [117], 'support': [119], 'installation': [121], 'biodigesters.': [123], 'The': [124, 135, 189, 268, 324], 'research': [125], 'focused': [126], 'on': [127, 254], 'current': [129], 'gap': [130], 'between': [131], 'knowledge': [132], 'need.': [134], 'two': [136], 'objectives': [137], 'were': [138, 187, 230, 241, 274], 'raising': [139], 'awareness': [141], 'many': [144], 'varied': [146], 'benefits': [147], 'biodigestion': [149, 256], 'offer,': [151], 'especially': [152], 'communities,': [155], 'demonstrating': [157], 'how': [158], 'works.': [160], 'Using': [161], 'science': [162], 'events': [163], 'as': [164, 223], 'platform,': [166], 'team': [168], 'introduced': [169], 'concept': [171], 'biodigestion,': [173], 'functioning': [175], 'uses,': [177], 'audiences,': [180], 'then': [182], 'invited': [183, 231], 'informal': [184], 'responses,': [185], 'which': [186, 250], 'recorded.': [188], 'second': [190], 'stage,': [191], 'case': [193, 305], 'study,': [194], 'entailed': [195], 'setting': [197], 'up': [198], 'small-scale': [201], '(10': [202], 'm3)': [203], 'household': [204], 'biodigester': [205], 'Muldersdrift': [208, 294], 'community': [209, 229, 295], 'Gauteng,': [211], 'Africa.': [213], 'It': [214], 'was': [215], 'put': [216], 'into': [217], 'operation,': [218], 'fresh': [220], 'cow': [221], 'dung': [222], 'feed.': [225], 'Members': [226], 'watch': [233], 'every': [234], 'step': [235], 'process': [238], 'afterwards': [240], 'asked': [242], 'participate': [244], 'more': [247, 318], 'formal': [248], 'survey,': [249], 'sought': [251], 'opinions': [253], 'whether': [255], 'offers': [257], 'power': [259], 'individual': [262], 'farmer': [263], 'could': [264], '(and': [265], 'would)': [266], 'use.': [267], 'results': [269, 325], 'presented': [270], 'paper': [273], 'derived': [275], 'comparison': [278], "'before-and-after-installation'": [281], 'responses': [282], 'persons': [285], 'interviewed.': [286], 'found': [288], 'members': [291], 'had': [297, 316], 'both': [301], 'phases': [302], 'study': [306], '(explanation': [307], 'followed': [308], 'by': [309], 'experience': [310], 'hands-on': [313], 'educational': [314, 349], 'example)': [315], 'become': [317], 'willing': [319], 'adopt': [321], 'justified': [326], 'our': [327], 'contention': [328], 'that,': [329], 'ensure': [331], 'greater': [333], 'adoption': [334], 'Africa,': [340], 'necessary': [343], 'provide': [345], 'targeted': [346], 'with': [348], 'programmes': [350], 'exposure': [352], 'pilot': [354], 'plants.': [355]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2724511084', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T01:31:28.750915', 'created_date': '2017-07-14'}