Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2620296437', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2743464', 'title': 'Anatomically Constrained Neural Networks (ACNNs): Application to Cardiac Image Enhancement and Segmentation', 'display_name': 'Anatomically Constrained Neural Networks (ACNNs): Application to Cardiac Image Enhancement and Segmentation', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-09-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2620296437', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2743464', 'mag': '2620296437', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28961105'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2743464', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58069681', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging', 'issn_l': '0278-0062', 'issn': ['0278-0062', '1558-254X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2743464', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038400548', 'display_name': 'Ozan Oktay', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-0874'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ozan Oktay', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032685263', 'display_name': 'Enzo Ferrante', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-788X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Enzo Ferrante', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001104721', 'display_name': 'Konstantinos Kamnitsas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-6509'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Konstantinos Kamnitsas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064304390', 'display_name': 'Mattias P. Heinrich\u202c', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7489-1972'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I9341345', 'display_name': 'University of Lübeck', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00t3r8h32', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mattias Heinrich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059823739', 'display_name': 'Wenjia Bai', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7698'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wenjia Bai', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000486289', 'display_name': 'José Caballero', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-8928'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jose Caballero', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071216592', 'display_name': 'Stuart A. Cook', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-194X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'display_name': 'MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/001mm6w73', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stuart A. Cook', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091428']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071762687', 'display_name': 'Antonio de Marvao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9095-5887'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'display_name': 'MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/001mm6w73', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Antonio de Marvao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091428']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089066482', 'display_name': 'Timothy J. W. Dawes', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-524X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'display_name': 'MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/001mm6w73', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Timothy Dawes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091428']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068696789', 'display_name': 'Declan P. O’Regan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-0270'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'display_name': 'MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/001mm6w73', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091428', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': "Declan P. O'Regan", 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091428']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078127596', 'display_name': 'Bernhard Kainz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7813-5023'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bernhard Kainz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007222325', 'display_name': 'Ben Glocker', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-9356'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ben Glocker', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006461848', 'display_name': 'Daniel Rueckert', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-5889'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'display_name': 'Institute of Group Analysis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6b29', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel Rueckert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, U.K.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210154413', 'https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1986, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2141, 'provenance': 'openapc'}, 'fwci': 37.025, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 667, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999975, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '384', 'last_page': '395'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14510', 'display_name': 'Medical Imaging and Analysis', 'score': 0.9944, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14510', 'display_name': 'Medical Imaging and Analysis', 'score': 0.9944, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10052', 'display_name': 'Medical Image Segmentation Techniques', 'score': 0.99, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12422', 'display_name': 'Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging', 'score': 0.981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks', 'display_name': 'Deep Neural Networks', 'score': 0.43368047}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7811748}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.78072715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89600930', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946', 'display_name': 'Segmentation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6638494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177769412', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090', 'display_name': 'Prior probability', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6410573}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124504099', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933', 'display_name': 'Image segmentation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5267317}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5261668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108583219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536', 'display_name': 'Deep learning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52245986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623', 'display_name': 'Image (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5165509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160633673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198', 'display_name': 'Pixel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5067578}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26517878', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039', 'display_name': 'Key (lock)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44937423}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2984842247', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536', 'display_name': 'Deep neural networks', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43368047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50644808', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776', 'display_name': 'Artificial neural network', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4288794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81363708', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460', 'display_name': 'Convolutional neural network', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42225057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39398074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32419366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107673813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534', 'display_name': 'Bayesian probability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.12285057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D057791', 'descriptor_name': 'Cardiac Imaging Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D021621', 'descriptor_name': 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016571', 'descriptor_name': 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000465', 'descriptor_name': 'Algorithms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D057791', 'descriptor_name': 'Cardiac Imaging Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009202', 'descriptor_name': 'Cardiomyopathies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009202', 'descriptor_name': 'Cardiomyopathies', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016208', 'descriptor_name': 'Databases, Factual', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006321', 'descriptor_name': 'Heart', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006321', 'descriptor_name': 'Heart', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D021621', 'descriptor_name': 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2743464', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58069681', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging', 'issn_l': '0278-0062', 'issn': ['0278-0062', '1558-254X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.08302', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.08302', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/50440', 'pdf_url': 'http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/50440/4/SUPPLEMENTARY.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401396', 'display_name': 'Spiral (Imperial College London)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'host_organization_name': 'Imperial College London', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Imperial College London'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28961105', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1705.08302', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2743464', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58069681', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging', 'issn_l': '0278-0062', 'issn': ['0278-0062', '1558-254X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319990', 'funder_display_name': 'National Institute for Health and Care Research', 'award_id': None}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320319992', 'funder_display_name': 'British Heart Foundation', 'award_id': 'PG/12/27/29489'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334627', 'funder_display_name': 'Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council', 'award_id': 'EP/P001009/1'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2620296437', 'https://openalex.org/W3105829570'], 'referenced_works_count': 54, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1686810756', 'https://openalex.org/W1872336954', 'https://openalex.org/W1901129140', 'https://openalex.org/W1903029394', 'https://openalex.org/W1920022804', 'https://openalex.org/W1985806826', 'https://openalex.org/W1987015763', 'https://openalex.org/W2069492174', 'https://openalex.org/W2093723730', 'https://openalex.org/W2104469694', 'https://openalex.org/W2105180511', 'https://openalex.org/W2105710164', 'https://openalex.org/W2129259959', 'https://openalex.org/W2130775436', 'https://openalex.org/W2133665775', 'https://openalex.org/W2136655611', 'https://openalex.org/W2138813262', 'https://openalex.org/W2142152601', 'https://openalex.org/W2145094598', 'https://openalex.org/W2147880316', 'https://openalex.org/W2152396391', 'https://openalex.org/W2154956324', 'https://openalex.org/W2258978862', 'https://openalex.org/W2274227799', 'https://openalex.org/W2293078015', 'https://openalex.org/W2301358467', 'https://openalex.org/W2327084999', 'https://openalex.org/W2331128040', 'https://openalex.org/W2335364074', 'https://openalex.org/W2337438617', 'https://openalex.org/W2338532005', 'https://openalex.org/W2464708700', 'https://openalex.org/W2470417264', 'https://openalex.org/W2473108490', 'https://openalex.org/W2476548250', 'https://openalex.org/W2503339013', 'https://openalex.org/W2520402508', 'https://openalex.org/W2526499595', 'https://openalex.org/W2526558307', 'https://openalex.org/W2550409828', 'https://openalex.org/W2554423077', 'https://openalex.org/W2560108548', 'https://openalex.org/W2588773529', 'https://openalex.org/W2592929672', 'https://openalex.org/W2614634292', 'https://openalex.org/W2620487580', 'https://openalex.org/W2753924563', 'https://openalex.org/W2949831025', 'https://openalex.org/W2963470893', 'https://openalex.org/W2963971305', 'https://openalex.org/W2964137676', 'https://openalex.org/W2997574889', 'https://openalex.org/W3007103623', 'https://openalex.org/W4300945631'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386190339', 'https://openalex.org/W3142333283', 'https://openalex.org/W3123087812', 'https://openalex.org/W3122088529', 'https://openalex.org/W3041320102', 'https://openalex.org/W2968424575', 'https://openalex.org/W2580650124', 'https://openalex.org/W2111669074', 'https://openalex.org/W2085259108', 'https://openalex.org/W2071416974'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Incorporation': [0], 'of': [1, 14, 43, 93, 133, 145, 171, 177, 197, 209], 'prior': [2, 74, 109], 'knowledge': [3, 110], 'about': [4], 'organ': [5], 'shape': [6], 'and': [7, 30, 58, 91, 166, 186, 203], 'location': [8], 'is': [9, 67, 119, 180], 'key': [10], 'to': [11, 34, 71, 127, 158], 'improve': [12, 167], 'performance': [13], 'image': [15, 37, 163], 'analysis': [16, 160], 'approaches.': [17], 'In': [18], 'particular,': [19], 'priors': [20], 'can': [21, 46, 154, 200], 'be': [22, 47, 155, 201], 'useful': [23], 'in': [24, 36, 55], 'cases': [25], 'where': [26, 82], 'images': [27], 'are': [28], 'corrupted': [29], 'contain': [31], 'artefacts': [32], 'due': [33], 'limitations': [35], 'acquisition.': [38], 'The': [39, 122, 175], 'highly': [40], 'constrained': [41], 'nature': [42], 'anatomical': [44, 108, 131], 'objects': [45], 'well': [48], 'captured': [49], 'with': [50], 'learning': [51], 'based': [52, 64], 'techniques.': [53], 'However,': [54], 'most': [56], 'recent': [57], 'promising': [59], 'techniques': [60], 'such': [61, 73], 'as': [62, 79, 205], 'CNN': [63], 'segmentation': [65], 'it': [66], 'not': [68, 87], 'obvious': [69], 'how': [70, 192], 'incorporate': [72, 88], 'knowledge.': [75], 'State-of-the-art': [76], 'methods': [77], 'operate': [78], 'pixel-wise': [80], 'classifiers': [81], 'the': [83, 89, 94, 129, 134, 146, 151, 168, 172, 193], 'training': [84, 104], 'objectives': [85], 'do': [86], 'structure': [90], 'inter-dependencies': [92], 'output.': [95], 'To': [96], 'overcome': [97], 'this': [98], 'limitation,': [99], 'we': [100, 190], 'propose': [101], 'a': [102, 114], 'generic': [103], 'strategy': [105], 'that': [106, 150], 'incorporates': [107], 'into': [111], 'CNNs': [112], 'through': [113], 'new': [115, 123], 'regularisation': [116], 'model,': [117], 'which': [118], 'trained': [120], 'end-to-end.': [121], 'framework': [124], 'encourages': [125], 'models': [126, 196], 'follow': [128], 'global': [130], 'properties': [132], 'underlying': [135], 'anatomy': [136], '(e.g.': [137, 162], 'shape,': [138], 'label': [139], 'structure)': [140], 'via': [141], 'learned': [142, 194], 'non-linear': [143], 'representations': [144], 'shape.': [147], 'We': [148], 'show': [149], 'proposed': [152], 'approach': [153, 179], 'easily': [156], 'adapted': [157], 'different': [159], 'tasks': [161], 'enhancement,': [164], 'segmentation)': [165], 'prediction': [169], 'accuracy': [170], 'state-of-the-art': [173], 'models.': [174], 'applicability': [176], 'our': [178], 'shown': [181], 'on': [182], 'multi-modal': [183], 'cardiac': [184, 210], 'datasets': [185], 'public': [187], 'benchmarks.': [188], 'Additionally,': [189], 'demonstrate': [191], 'deep': [195], '3D': [198], 'shapes': [199], 'interpreted': [202], 'used': [204], 'biomarkers': [206], 'for': [207], 'classification': [208], 'pathologies.': [211]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2620296437', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 50}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 85}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 79}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 139}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 127}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 129}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 49}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T19:44:50.888254', 'created_date': '2017-06-05'}