Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2619864214', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.7', 'title': 'Putting nudges in perspective', 'display_name': 'Putting nudges in perspective', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2619864214', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.7', 'mag': '2619864214'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210205184', 'display_name': 'Behavioural Public Policy', 'issn_l': '2398-063X', 'issn': ['2398-063X', '2398-0648'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.7', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074175050', 'display_name': 'George Loewenstein', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-0474'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74973139', 'display_name': 'Carnegie Mellon University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05x2bcf33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74973139']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'GEORGE LOEWENSTEIN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Carnegie Mellon University, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Carnegie Mellon University, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74973139']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007418876', 'display_name': 'Nick Chater', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-0686'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'display_name': 'University of Warwick', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01a77tt86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'NICK CHATER', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Warwick Business School, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Warwick Business School, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5074175050'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74973139'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.865, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 162, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998167, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '1', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '26', 'last_page': '53'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10315', 'display_name': 'Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics', 'score': 0.9949, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1800', 'display_name': 'General Decision Sciences'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10315', 'display_name': 'Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics', 'score': 0.9949, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1800', 'display_name': 'General Decision Sciences'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11257', 'display_name': 'Taxation and Compliance Studies', 'score': 0.9878, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10841', 'display_name': 'Economic and Environmental Valuation', 'score': 0.9776, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nudge-theory', 'display_name': 'Nudge theory', 'score': 0.9175296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/framing', 'display_name': 'Framing (construction)', 'score': 0.610955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/externality', 'display_name': 'Externality', 'score': 0.56575894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioural-economics', 'display_name': 'Behavioural economics', 'score': 0.5300163}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8858961', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068367', 'display_name': 'Nudge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9175296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29122968', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816', 'display_name': 'Incentive', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7455846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100001284', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246', 'display_name': 'Public economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6964626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6961129}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169087156', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593', 'display_name': 'Framing (construction)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.610955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16118543', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372', 'display_name': 'Externality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56575894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2993770480', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647525', 'display_name': 'Behavioural economics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5300163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109574028', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647525', 'display_name': 'Behavioral economics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5144084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136197465', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295', 'display_name': 'Variety (cybernetics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42466128}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12713177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281', 'display_name': 'Perspective (graphical)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4209536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118084267', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110', 'display_name': 'Positive economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41924435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3393541}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12106639}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09205246}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09027988}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66938386', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538', 'display_name': 'Structural engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210205184', 'display_name': 'Behavioural Public Policy', 'issn_l': '2398-063X', 'issn': ['2398-063X', '2398-0648'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210205184', 'display_name': 'Behavioural Public Policy', 'issn_l': '2398-063X', 'issn': ['2398-063X', '2398-0648'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.68, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 88, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1481908410', 'https://openalex.org/W1486599396', 'https://openalex.org/W1535305819', 'https://openalex.org/W1556850685', 'https://openalex.org/W1576344996', 'https://openalex.org/W1584697805', 'https://openalex.org/W1595354476', 'https://openalex.org/W1605639394', 'https://openalex.org/W1631150390', 'https://openalex.org/W1765879968', 'https://openalex.org/W1826812310', 'https://openalex.org/W190328304', 'https://openalex.org/W1937256563', 'https://openalex.org/W1984359064', 'https://openalex.org/W2002576081', 'https://openalex.org/W2007646989', 'https://openalex.org/W2009437443', 'https://openalex.org/W2016810440', 'https://openalex.org/W2019709511', 'https://openalex.org/W2023849212', 'https://openalex.org/W2027087124', 'https://openalex.org/W2044944116', 'https://openalex.org/W2055356791', 'https://openalex.org/W2074821757', 'https://openalex.org/W2077553620', 'https://openalex.org/W2078511984', 'https://openalex.org/W2079949658', 'https://openalex.org/W2080612432', 'https://openalex.org/W2086655673', 'https://openalex.org/W2094422247', 'https://openalex.org/W2100056252', 'https://openalex.org/W2101597149', 'https://openalex.org/W2102575997', 'https://openalex.org/W2103119110', 'https://openalex.org/W2108946685', 'https://openalex.org/W2112703815', 'https://openalex.org/W2113212726', 'https://openalex.org/W2113318243', 'https://openalex.org/W2116235110', 'https://openalex.org/W2118052532', 'https://openalex.org/W2118680981', 'https://openalex.org/W2126416729', 'https://openalex.org/W2143326716', 'https://openalex.org/W2145542433', 'https://openalex.org/W2145725739', 'https://openalex.org/W2147478345', 'https://openalex.org/W2168209452', 'https://openalex.org/W2168999243', 'https://openalex.org/W2226336379', 'https://openalex.org/W2236924981', 'https://openalex.org/W2255828555', 'https://openalex.org/W2302305491', 'https://openalex.org/W2335862325', 'https://openalex.org/W2461419449', 'https://openalex.org/W2526781987', 'https://openalex.org/W2547092078', 'https://openalex.org/W2559517892', 'https://openalex.org/W2891009322', 'https://openalex.org/W3005475799', 'https://openalex.org/W3023695158', 'https://openalex.org/W3121262480', 'https://openalex.org/W3121503890', 'https://openalex.org/W3122125809', 'https://openalex.org/W3122749702', 'https://openalex.org/W3122932806', 'https://openalex.org/W3123347571', 'https://openalex.org/W3123907697', 'https://openalex.org/W3124083109', 'https://openalex.org/W3124163057', 'https://openalex.org/W3124550172', 'https://openalex.org/W3124900509', 'https://openalex.org/W3125270917', 'https://openalex.org/W3125295495', 'https://openalex.org/W3125354542', 'https://openalex.org/W3125646797', 'https://openalex.org/W3125979999', 'https://openalex.org/W4210515199', 'https://openalex.org/W4212996031', 'https://openalex.org/W4231291266', 'https://openalex.org/W4235197618', 'https://openalex.org/W4245007606', 'https://openalex.org/W4246689503', 'https://openalex.org/W4246812154', 'https://openalex.org/W4252561975', 'https://openalex.org/W4300045000', 'https://openalex.org/W561782704', 'https://openalex.org/W575465400', 'https://openalex.org/W633874503'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4390468672', 'https://openalex.org/W4389473462', 'https://openalex.org/W4386639396', 'https://openalex.org/W4312509141', 'https://openalex.org/W4302014367', 'https://openalex.org/W3147526054', 'https://openalex.org/W3141569738', 'https://openalex.org/W3125743110', 'https://openalex.org/W2127859460', 'https://openalex.org/W2013856652'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Conventional': [1], 'economic': [2, 118, 144, 173], 'policy': [3, 73, 140, 195], 'focuses': [4], 'on': [5, 127], '‘economic’': [6], 'solutions': [7, 31, 103, 119], '(e.g.': [8, 148, 177], 'taxes,': [9], 'incentives,': [10], 'regulation)': [11], 'to': [12, 32, 39, 104, 187], 'problems': [13, 33, 105, 128, 163], 'caused': [14], 'by': [15, 113], 'market-level': [16], 'factors': [17, 176], 'such': [18, 47], 'as': [19, 48], 'externalities,': [20], 'misaligned': [21], 'incentives': [22], 'and': [23, 91, 116, 145, 158, 174], 'information': [24], 'asymmetries.': [25], 'By': [26], 'contrast,': [27], '‘nudges’': [28], 'provide': [29], 'behavioural': [30, 102, 130, 146, 175, 182, 191], 'that': [34, 64, 75, 89, 106, 109, 169, 190], 'have': [35, 53, 76, 94, 107], 'generally': [36], 'been': [37], 'assumed': [38], 'originate': [40], 'from': [41, 171], 'limitations': [42], 'in': [43, 80, 154, 196], 'human': [44], 'decision': [45], 'making,': [46], 'present': [49], 'bias.': [50], 'While': [51], 'policy-makers': [52, 189], 'good': [54], 'reason': [55, 88], 'for': [56], 'exploiting': [57], 'the': [58, 81, 95, 122, 166, 205, 211], 'power': [59], 'of': [60, 72, 125, 129, 138, 180, 199, 201], 'nudges,': [61], 'we': [62], 'argue': [63], 'these': [65], 'extremes': [66], 'leave': [67], 'open': [68], 'a': [69, 135, 150, 155, 197], 'large': [70], 'space': [71], 'options': [74], 'received': [77], 'less': [78], 'attention': [79], 'academic': [82], 'literature.': [83], 'First,': [84], 'there': [85, 99, 133, 159], 'is': [86, 134], 'no': [87], 'solution': [90], 'problem': [92], 'need': [93], 'same': [96], 'theoretical': [97], 'basis:': [98], 'are': [100, 110, 204], 'promising': [101], 'causes': [108], 'well': [111], 'explained': [112], 'traditional': [114], 'economics,': [115], 'conventional': [117], 'often': [120], 'offer': [121], 'best': [123], 'line': [124], 'attack': [126], 'origin.': [131], 'Second,': [132], 'wide': [136], 'range': [137], 'hybrid': [139], 'actions': [141], 'with': [142], 'both': [143, 172], 'components': [147], 'framing': [149], 'tax': [151], 'or': [152], 'incentive': [153], 'specific': [156], 'way),': [157], 'exist': [160], 'many': [161], 'societal': [162], '–': [164, 168], 'perhaps': [165], 'majority': [167], 'arise': [170], 'firms’': [178], 'exploitation': [179], 'consumers’': [181], 'biases).': [183], 'This': [184], 'paper': [185], 'aims': [186], 'remind': [188], 'economics': [192], 'can': [193], 'influence': [194], 'variety': [198], 'ways,': [200], 'which': [202], 'nudges': [203], 'most': [206, 212], 'prominent': [207], 'but': [208], 'not': [209], 'necessarily': [210], 'powerful.': [213]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2619864214', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T13:11:43.665195', 'created_date': '2017-06-05'}