Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2614062063', 'doi': None, 'title': 'TITIN HYSTERESIS AND ELASTIICTY IN ACTIVELY STRETCHED MUSCLE MYOFIBRILS', 'display_name': 'TITIN HYSTERESIS AND ELASTIICTY IN ACTIVELY STRETCHED MUSCLE MYOFIBRILS', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2614062063', 'mag': '2614062063'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/jura/article/download/30296/24794', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764723295', 'display_name': 'Journal of undergraduate research in Alberta', 'issn_l': '1927-5811', 'issn': ['1927-5811'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088102913', 'display_name': 'Craig Martis', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I168635309', 'display_name': 'University of Calgary', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yjb2x39', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I168635309']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Craig Martis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University#N# of Calgary'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University#N# of Calgary', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I168635309']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029348298', 'display_name': 'Kaleena Johnston', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kaleena Johnston', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045379757', 'display_name': 'Azim Jinha', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8554-6736'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Azim Jinha', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101788224', 'display_name': 'T.R. Leonard', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-0069'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Timothy Leonard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069322953', 'display_name': 'Walter Herzog', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-0033'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Walter Herzog', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 66}, 'biblio': {'volume': '5', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10882', 'display_name': 'Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10882', 'display_name': 'Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10441', 'display_name': 'Muscle Physiology and Disorders', 'score': 0.9738, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/myofibril', 'display_name': 'Myofibril', 'score': 0.98076093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/obscurin', 'display_name': 'Obscurin', 'score': 0.5204011}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/myofilament', 'display_name': 'Myofilament', 'score': 0.46788472}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68731436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337087', 'display_name': 'Sarcomere', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.98409843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C7301908', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318623', 'display_name': 'Myofibril', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.98076093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90671521', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74314', 'display_name': 'Titin', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9807559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5833158}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37140074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18047361', 'display_name': 'Obscurin', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5204011}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125705527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185269', 'display_name': 'Actin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47164696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174054327', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6947920', 'display_name': 'Myofilament', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46788472}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44927537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43117505}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38044938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6997183', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271727', 'display_name': 'Myosin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.36007497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207200792', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428914', 'display_name': 'Myocyte', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26137292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15760776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14459118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07697886}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/jura/article/download/30296/24794', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764723295', 'display_name': 'Journal of undergraduate research in Alberta', 'issn_l': '1927-5811', 'issn': ['1927-5811'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W326015596', 'https://openalex.org/W2788340116', 'https://openalex.org/W2585754260', 'https://openalex.org/W2322293236', 'https://openalex.org/W2238623778', 'https://openalex.org/W2129081821', 'https://openalex.org/W2108543436', 'https://openalex.org/W2079748966', 'https://openalex.org/W2079359667', 'https://openalex.org/W2072414241', 'https://openalex.org/W2070929467', 'https://openalex.org/W2068998039', 'https://openalex.org/W2059271468', 'https://openalex.org/W2046104659', 'https://openalex.org/W2020468805', 'https://openalex.org/W2008942493', 'https://openalex.org/W2006111226', 'https://openalex.org/W1998601112', 'https://openalex.org/W1988891920', 'https://openalex.org/W1511632214'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'INTRODUCTION': [0], 'Titin': [4], 'is': [5, 55, 439, 482, 501], 'a': [6, 13, 23, 30, 71, 78, 99, 104, 108, 113, 223, 235, 255, 279, 378, 464], 'protein': [7, 499], 'that': [8, 67, 157, 444, 454, 500], 'spans': [9], 'the': [10, 27, 135, 155, 178, 231, 313, 324, 329, 339, 358, 369, 382, 408, 412, 429, 455, 459, 476, 479, 507], 'length': [11, 247, 256], 'of': [12, 81, 116, 134, 149, 174, 248, 257, 284, 315, 338, 402, 405, 419, 478], 'half': [14], 'sarcomere': [15, 246], 'in': [16, 32, 101, 170, 326, 450], 'skeletal': [17], 'muscle': [18, 204], 'myofibrils.': [19], 'It': [20], 'behaves': [21], 'like': [22], 'molecular': [24], 'spring': [25], 'within': [26], 'myofibril,': [28], 'playing': [29], 'role': [31], 'stabilizing': [33], 'sarcomeres': [34], 'and': [35, 69, 103, 145, 229, 251, 300, 331, 414, 453, 503], 'regulating': [36], 'passive': [37], 'force': [38, 102, 143, 301], '[1,': [39], '2].': [40], 'Isolated': [41], 'titin': [42, 490], 'has': [43, 64], 'been': [44, 65], 'shown': [45], 'to': [46, 90, 127, 138, 153, 164, 177, 222, 234, 254, 267, 273, 293, 307, 368, 475, 492], 'be': [47, 91, 487], 'essentially': [48, 171], 'elastic': [49, 88, 172, 403], 'if': [50], 'immunoglobulin': [51], '(Ig)': [52], 'domain': [53, 271], 'unfolding/refolding': [54], 'prevented': [56], '[3].': [57], 'In': [58], 'its': [59, 294], 'native,': [60], 'sarcomeric': [61], 'environment,': [62], 'it': [63], 'suggested': [66], 'stretching': [68], 'holding': [70, 158], 'myofibril': [72, 276, 316], 'at': [73, 123, 160, 219, 230, 243], 'very': [74], 'long': [75, 124, 161], 'lengths': [76, 125, 162], 'produces': [77], 'time-dependent': [79, 114], 'unfolding': [80, 115, 272, 427], 'all': [82, 445], 'Ig': [83, 117, 136, 270, 423, 446], 'domains,': [84], 'thus,': [85], 'allowing': [86], 'titin’s': [87], 'behavior': [89], 'exhibited': [92], '[4].': [93], 'Experiments': [94], 'on': [95], 'active': [96, 121], 'myofibrils': [97, 122, 159, 205, 216, 406], 'showed': [98], 'decrease': [100], 'persistent': [105, 413], 'hysteresis': [106], 'throughout': [107, 357, 381], 'stretch-shortening': [109, 128, 166], '(SS)': [110], 'protocol,': [111], 'suggesting': [112], 'domains': [118, 137, 424, 447], '[5].': [119], 'Holding': [120], 'prior': [126, 163], 'cycles': [129, 167, 360, 385], 'should': [130, 434], 'allow': [131, 268], 'most': [132], '(all)': [133], 'unfold': [139], 'thus': [140], 'reducing': [141], '(eliminating)': [142], 'loss': [144], 'hysteresis.': [146], 'The': [147, 275, 396], 'goal': [148], 'this': [150, 438, 451, 470], 'study': [151], 'was': [152, 305], 'test': [154], 'hypothesis': [156], 'small': [165], 'would': [168], 'result': [169], 'properties': [173, 181], 'myofibrils,': [175], 'compared': [176], 'highly': [179, 483], 'visco-elastic': [180], 'for': [182, 264, 269, 334], 'conditions': [183], 'without': [184], 'holding.': [185], 'METHODS': [198], 'Rabbit': [202], 'psoas': [203], '(n': [206], '=': [207], '5)': [208], 'with': [209, 282, 489], 'clear': [210], 'striation': [211], 'patterns': [212], 'were': [213, 217, 241, 262, 302, 321, 425], 'tested.': [214], 'Single': [215], 'attached': [218], 'one': [220], 'end': [221, 233], 'glass': [224], 'needle': [225], '(to': [226, 237], 'control': [227], 'length)': [228], 'other': [232, 466], 'nanolever': [236], 'quantify': [238], 'force).': [239], 'Myofibrils': [240], 'activated': [242], 'an': [244], 'average': [245], '2.7': [249], 'µm,': [250], 'then': [252, 277], 'stretched': [253], '5.2': [258], 'µm/sarcomere,': [259], 'where': [260], 'they': [261], 'held': [263], '2': [265], 'minutes': [266], 'occur.': [274], 'underwent': [278], 'SS': [280, 336, 384, 409, 430, 508], 'protocol': [281], 'amplitude': [283], '±': [285], '0.25': [286], 'µm': [287], '(10': [288], 'cycles)': [289], 'before': [290], 'being': [291], 'shortened': [292], 'original': [295], 'length.': [296], 'Myofibril': [297], 'length,': [298], 'diameter,': [299], 'quantified.': [303], 'Diameter': [304], 'used': [306], 'calculate': [308], 'cross-sectional': [309], 'area,': [310], 'which': [311], 'accommodated': [312], 'calculation': [314], 'stress': [317, 356], 'from': [318, 463], 'force.': [319], 'Hystereses': [320], 'calculated': [322], 'as': [323, 474], 'difference': [325], 'area': [327], 'under': [328], 'loading': [330], 'unloading': [332], 'curves': [333], 'each': [335], 'cycle': [337, 371], 'force-length': [340], 'plots.': [341], 'RESULTS': [351], 'Peak': [355], '10': [359, 383], 'remained': [361], 'approximately': [362], 'constant,': [363], 'averaging': [364], '102': [365], '%': [366], 'relative': [367], 'first': [370], '(Fig': [372, 386], '1a).': [373], 'Hysteresis': [374], 'did': [375], 'not': [376, 440], 'follow': [377], 'specific': [379], 'trend': [380], '1b).': [387], 'DISCUSSION': [390], 'AND': [391], 'CONCLUSIONS': [392], '“constant”': [397], 'peak': [398, 432], 'forces': [399], 'are': [400, 417, 448], 'indicative': [401, 418], 'recoil': [404], 'during': [407, 428, 506], 'cycles.': [410, 509], 'However,': [411], 'random': [415], 'hystereses': [416, 460, 481], 'viscous': [420, 456], 'properties.': [421], 'If': [422], 'still': [426], 'cycles,': [431], 'stresses': [433], 'also': [435], 'decrease.': [436], 'Since': [437], 'observed,': [441], 'we': [442], 'suggest': [443], 'unfolded': [449], 'experiment,': [452], 'behaviour': [457], 'producing': [458], 'must': [461], 'come': [462], 'source': [465], 'than': [467], 'titin.': [468], 'At': [469], 'point,': [471], 'any': [472], 'proposition': [473], 'origin': [477], 'remnant': [480], 'speculative': [484], 'but': [485], 'might': [486], 'associated': [488], 'binding-unbinding': [491], 'another': [493], 'structural': [494], '(titin)': [495], 'or': [496], 'contractile': [497], '(actin)': [498], 'forming': [502], 'breaking': [504], 'continuously': [505]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2614062063', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-21T14:47:32.450640', 'created_date': '2017-05-19'}