Abstract: Incident Causation Theory identifies people as the cause of most incidents. Incidents happen when people make errors and fail to keep barriers functional or in place. The slices of Swiss cheese are depicted as Prevent, Detect, Control, and Mitigate. Potential holes in each of these slices have to be minimized to prevent an unwanted event. Three interactive risk control mechanisms (processes, people, and performance) applied together but in different proportions could result in the same risk value (probability × consequence). Risks occur throughout the business at all levels, and so the three interactive risk control mechanisms could be applied anywhere in the Business Unit. The Bow Tie is used for identification of threats and consequences. Scenario planning and enactment are important tools for preparing for “known unknowns”: events that are known to happen in the process industry. “Black Swans,” which cannot be foreseen, are regarded as “unknown unknowns.” These could be events that occurred in a related industry, but not within the process industry. Nonetheless, these events need to be explored to assess their possible occurrence in the process industry. Various Risk Analysis and Assessment Tools can be applied at different stages of the life of the investment. Tools include the following: Root Cause Analysis (RCA) using generic tools or proprietary tools, such as Taproot or Tripod Hazard Evaluation and Management Process (HEMP) Layers Of Protection Analysis (LOPA)/Instrument Protective Functions/Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) Qualitative Risk Assessment and Quantitative Risk Assessment, using matrices, are common. The Event Potential Matrix (EPM), consisting of a Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) and a Risk Value Matrix (RVM), gives a quantitative assessment.
Publication Year: 2017
Publication Date: 2017-01-01
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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