Title: A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes
Abstract: Global Change BiologyVolume 23, Issue 11 p. 4946-4957 PRIMARY RESEARCH ARTICLE A global synthesis of the effects of diversified farming systems on arthropod diversity within fields and across agricultural landscapes Elinor M. Lichtenberg, Corresponding Author Elinor M. Lichtenberg [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-4534 Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Correspondence Elinor M. Lichtenberg, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this authorChristina M. Kennedy, Christina M. Kennedy Global Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, USASearch for more papers by this authorClaire Kremen, Claire Kremen Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorPéter Batáry, Péter Batáry orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-6996 Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorFrank Berendse, Frank Berendse Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorRiccardo Bommarco, Riccardo Bommarco Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorNilsa A. Bosque-Pérez, Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USASearch for more papers by this authorLuísa G. Carvalheiro, Luísa G. Carvalheiro Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam E. Snyder, William E. Snyder Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USASearch for more papers by this authorNeal M. Williams, Neal M. Williams Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorRachael Winfree, Rachael Winfree Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USASearch for more papers by this authorBjörn K. Klatt, Björn K. Klatt Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorSandra Åström, Sandra Åström Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorFaye Benjamin, Faye Benjamin Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USASearch for more papers by this authorClaire Brittain, Claire Brittain Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorRebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorYann Clough, Yann Clough Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorBryan Danforth, Bryan Danforth Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorTim Diekötter, Tim Diekötter Department of Landscape Ecology, Kiel University, Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSanford D. Eigenbrode, Sanford D. Eigenbrode Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USASearch for more papers by this authorJohan Ekroos, Johan Ekroos Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Elle, Elizabeth Elle Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorBreno M. Freitas, Breno M. Freitas Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorYuki Fukuda, Yuki Fukuda Centres for the Study of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorHannah R. Gaines-Day, Hannah R. Gaines-Day Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USASearch for more papers by this authorHeather Grab, Heather Grab Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorClaudio Gratton, Claudio Gratton Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USASearch for more papers by this authorAndrea Holzschuh, Andrea Holzschuh Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorRufus Isaacs, Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USASearch for more papers by this authorMarco Isaia, Marco Isaia Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorShalene Jha, Shalene Jha Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USASearch for more papers by this authorDennis Jonason, Dennis Jonason Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorVincent P. Jones, Vincent P. Jones Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USASearch for more papers by this authorAlexandra-Maria Klein, Alexandra-Maria Klein Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJochen Krauss, Jochen Krauss Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDeborah K. Letourneau, Deborah K. Letourneau Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorSarina Macfadyen, Sarina Macfadyen CSIRO, Acton, ACT, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorRachel E. Mallinger, Rachel E. Mallinger Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USASearch for more papers by this authorEmily A. Martin, Emily A. Martin Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorEliana Martinez, Eliana Martinez CORPOICA, Centro de Investigación Obonuco, Pasto, ColombiaSearch for more papers by this authorJane Memmott, Jane Memmott School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKSearch for more papers by this authorLora Morandin, Lora Morandin Pollinator Partnership Canada, Victoria, BC, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorLisa Neame, Lisa Neame Alberta Environment and Parks, Regional Planning Branch, Edmonton, AB, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorMark Otieno, Mark Otieno Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Embu University College, Embu, KenyaSearch for more papers by this authorMia G. Park, Mia G. Park Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Department of Humanities & Integrated Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USASearch for more papers by this authorLukas Pfiffner, Lukas Pfiffner Department of Crop Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorMichael J. O. Pocock, Michael J. O. Pocock NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorCarlos Ponce, Carlos Ponce Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorSimon G. Potts, Simon G. Potts Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UKSearch for more papers by this authorKatja Poveda, Katja Poveda Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorMariangie Ramos, Mariangie Ramos Department of Agricultural Technology, University of Puerto Rico at Utuado, Utuado, PR, USASearch for more papers by this authorJay A. Rosenheim, Jay A. Rosenheim Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorMaj Rundlöf, Maj Rundlöf Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorHillary Sardiñas, Hillary Sardiñas Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorManu E. Saunders, Manu E. Saunders orcid.org/0000-0003-0645-8277 Institute for Land Water & Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorNicole L. Schon, Nicole L. Schon AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorAmber R. Sciligo, Amber R. Sciligo Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Sheena Sidhu, C. Sheena Sidhu University of California Cooperative Extension, San Mateo & San Francisco Counties, Half Moon Bay, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorIngolf Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorTeja Tscharntke, Teja Tscharntke Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMilan Veselý, Milan Veselý Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorWolfgang W. Weisser, Wolfgang W. Weisser Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJulianna K. Wilson, Julianna K. Wilson Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid W. Crowder, David W. Crowder Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USASearch for more papers by this author Elinor M. Lichtenberg, Corresponding Author Elinor M. Lichtenberg [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-4534 Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Correspondence Elinor M. Lichtenberg, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this authorChristina M. Kennedy, Christina M. Kennedy Global Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, USASearch for more papers by this authorClaire Kremen, Claire Kremen Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorPéter Batáry, Péter Batáry orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-6996 Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorFrank Berendse, Frank Berendse Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorRiccardo Bommarco, Riccardo Bommarco Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorNilsa A. Bosque-Pérez, Nilsa A. Bosque-Pérez Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USASearch for more papers by this authorLuísa G. Carvalheiro, Luísa G. Carvalheiro Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam E. Snyder, William E. Snyder Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USASearch for more papers by this authorNeal M. Williams, Neal M. Williams Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorRachael Winfree, Rachael Winfree Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USASearch for more papers by this authorBjörn K. Klatt, Björn K. Klatt Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorSandra Åström, Sandra Åström Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorFaye Benjamin, Faye Benjamin Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USASearch for more papers by this authorClaire Brittain, Claire Brittain Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorRebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorYann Clough, Yann Clough Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorBryan Danforth, Bryan Danforth Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorTim Diekötter, Tim Diekötter Department of Landscape Ecology, Kiel University, Kiel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorSanford D. Eigenbrode, Sanford D. Eigenbrode Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USASearch for more papers by this authorJohan Ekroos, Johan Ekroos Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth Elle, Elizabeth Elle Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorBreno M. Freitas, Breno M. Freitas Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorYuki Fukuda, Yuki Fukuda Centres for the Study of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorHannah R. Gaines-Day, Hannah R. Gaines-Day Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USASearch for more papers by this authorHeather Grab, Heather Grab Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorClaudio Gratton, Claudio Gratton Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USASearch for more papers by this authorAndrea Holzschuh, Andrea Holzschuh Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorRufus Isaacs, Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USASearch for more papers by this authorMarco Isaia, Marco Isaia Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorShalene Jha, Shalene Jha Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USASearch for more papers by this authorDennis Jonason, Dennis Jonason Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorVincent P. Jones, Vincent P. Jones Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USASearch for more papers by this authorAlexandra-Maria Klein, Alexandra-Maria Klein Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJochen Krauss, Jochen Krauss Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDeborah K. Letourneau, Deborah K. Letourneau Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorSarina Macfadyen, Sarina Macfadyen CSIRO, Acton, ACT, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorRachel E. Mallinger, Rachel E. Mallinger Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USASearch for more papers by this authorEmily A. Martin, Emily A. Martin Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorEliana Martinez, Eliana Martinez CORPOICA, Centro de Investigación Obonuco, Pasto, ColombiaSearch for more papers by this authorJane Memmott, Jane Memmott School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKSearch for more papers by this authorLora Morandin, Lora Morandin Pollinator Partnership Canada, Victoria, BC, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorLisa Neame, Lisa Neame Alberta Environment and Parks, Regional Planning Branch, Edmonton, AB, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorMark Otieno, Mark Otieno Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Embu University College, Embu, KenyaSearch for more papers by this authorMia G. Park, Mia G. Park Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Department of Humanities & Integrated Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USASearch for more papers by this authorLukas Pfiffner, Lukas Pfiffner Department of Crop Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorMichael J. O. Pocock, Michael J. O. Pocock NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorCarlos Ponce, Carlos Ponce Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorSimon G. Potts, Simon G. Potts Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UKSearch for more papers by this authorKatja Poveda, Katja Poveda Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorMariangie Ramos, Mariangie Ramos Department of Agricultural Technology, University of Puerto Rico at Utuado, Utuado, PR, USASearch for more papers by this authorJay A. Rosenheim, Jay A. Rosenheim Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorMaj Rundlöf, Maj Rundlöf Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorHillary Sardiñas, Hillary Sardiñas Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorManu E. Saunders, Manu E. Saunders orcid.org/0000-0003-0645-8277 Institute for Land Water & Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorNicole L. Schon, Nicole L. Schon AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorAmber R. Sciligo, Amber R. Sciligo Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Sheena Sidhu, C. Sheena Sidhu University of California Cooperative Extension, San Mateo & San Francisco Counties, Half Moon Bay, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorIngolf Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorTeja Tscharntke, Teja Tscharntke Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMilan Veselý, Milan Veselý Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech RepublicSearch for more papers by this authorWolfgang W. Weisser, Wolfgang W. Weisser Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJulianna K. Wilson, Julianna K. Wilson Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USASearch for more papers by this authorDavid W. Crowder, David W. Crowder Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 May 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13714Citations: 197Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Agricultural intensification is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, which can reduce the provisioning of ecosystem services in managed ecosystems. Organic farming and plant diversification are farm management schemes that may mitigate potential ecological harm by increasing species richness and boosting related ecosystem services to agroecosystems. What remains unclear is the extent to which farm management schemes affect biodiversity components other than species richness, and whether impacts differ across spatial scales and landscape contexts. Using a global metadataset, we quantified the effects of organic farming and plant diversification on abundance, local diversity (communities within fields), and regional diversity (communities across fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores. Both organic farming and higher in-field plant diversity enhanced arthropod abundance, particularly for rare taxa. This resulted in increased richness but decreased evenness. While these responses were stronger at local relative to regional scales, richness and abundance increased at both scales, and richness on farms embedded in complex relative to simple landscapes. Overall, both organic farming and in-field plant diversification exerted the strongest effects on pollinators and predators, suggesting these management schemes can facilitate ecosystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations. Our results suggest that organic farming and plant diversification promote diverse arthropod metacommunities that may provide temporal and spatial stability of ecosystem service provisioning. Conserving diverse plant and arthropod communities in farming systems therefore requires sustainable practices that operate both within fields and across landscapes. Citing Literature Supporting Information Filename Description gcb13714-sup-0001-SupInfo.pdfPDF document, 2 MB gcb13714-sup-0002-TableS2.pdfPDF document, 157.2 KB Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume23, Issue11November 2017Pages 4946-4957 RelatedInformation