Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2604821464', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i3.282', 'title': 'Turbo codes and turbo algorithms', 'display_name': 'Turbo codes and turbo algorithms', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-04-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2604821464', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i3.282', 'mag': '2604821464'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i3.282', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcomss.fesb.unist.hr/index.php/jcomss/article/download/282/259', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2765074215', 'display_name': 'Journal of Communications Software and Systems', 'issn_l': '1845-6421', 'issn': ['1845-6421', '1846-6079'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310314834', 'host_organization_name': 'Croatian Communications and Information Society (CCIS)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310314834'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Croatian Communications and Information Society (CCIS)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://jcomss.fesb.unist.hr/index.php/jcomss/article/download/282/259', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111505519', 'display_name': 'Claude Berrou', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210148559', 'display_name': 'École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/059n54003', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210148559']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Claude Berrou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GET-ENST Bretagne/PRACOM and CNRS TAMCIC, Brest, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GET-ENST Bretagne/PRACOM and CNRS TAMCIC, Brest, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210148559', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048589178', 'display_name': 'Charlotte Langlais', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-5491'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210148559', 'display_name': 'École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/059n54003', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210148559']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Charlotte Langlais', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GET-ENST Bretagne/PRACOM and CNRS TAMCIC, Brest, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GET-ENST Bretagne/PRACOM and CNRS TAMCIC, Brest, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210148559', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000998343', 'display_name': 'Yi Yu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-5071'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'display_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02feahw73', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210148559', 'display_name': 'École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/059n54003', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210148559']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yi Yu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GET-ENST Bretagne/PRACOM and CNRS TAMCIC, Brest, France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GET-ENST Bretagne/PRACOM and CNRS TAMCIC, Brest, France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I4210148559']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 63}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '179', 'last_page': '179'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10125', 'display_name': 'Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10125', 'display_name': 'Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10575', 'display_name': 'Wireless Communication Networks Research', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1705', 'display_name': 'Computer Networks and Communications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11873', 'display_name': 'PAPR reduction in OFDM', 'score': 0.9956, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code', 'display_name': 'Turbo code', 'score': 0.86841655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code', 'display_name': 'Convolutional code', 'score': 0.7539607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-equalizer', 'display_name': 'Turbo equalizer', 'score': 0.7388837}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo', 'display_name': 'Turbo', 'score': 0.70168394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bcjr-algorithm', 'display_name': 'BCJR algorithm', 'score': 0.6512166}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/trellis', 'display_name': 'Trellis (graph)', 'score': 0.50021267}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114504821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281', 'display_name': 'Turbo code', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.86841655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.816624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33529081', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378194', 'display_name': 'Serial concatenated convolutional codes', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.79467964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157899210', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022', 'display_name': 'Convolutional code', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7539607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12232224', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7853840', 'display_name': 'Turbo equalizer', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.7388837}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776240298', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138513', 'display_name': 'Turbo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.70168394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.67990285}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64948573', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625117', 'display_name': 'BCJR algorithm', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6512166}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57273362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722', 'display_name': 'Decoding methods', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.527114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781235587', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838009', 'display_name': 'Trellis (graph)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50021267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78944582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264', 'display_name': 'Concatenated error correction code', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4289642}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80444323', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974', 'display_name': 'Theoretical computer science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41504705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157125643', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707', 'display_name': 'Block code', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.28200075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171146098', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192', 'display_name': 'Automotive engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i3.282', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcomss.fesb.unist.hr/index.php/jcomss/article/download/282/259', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2765074215', 'display_name': 'Journal of Communications Software and Systems', 'issn_l': '1845-6421', 'issn': ['1845-6421', '1846-6079'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310314834', 'host_organization_name': 'Croatian Communications and Information Society (CCIS)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310314834'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Croatian Communications and Information Society (CCIS)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01373476', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/31159384bf5142f1a5582f0a1888ab03', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01373476', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01373476/document', 'source': None, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/266590', 'pdf_url': 'http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/266590', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400071', 'display_name': 'University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I181343428', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Zagreb', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181343428'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Zagreb'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hrcak.srce.hr/180847', 'pdf_url': 'https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/266590', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400071', 'display_name': 'University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I181343428', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Zagreb', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181343428'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Zagreb'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i3.282', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcomss.fesb.unist.hr/index.php/jcomss/article/download/282/259', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2765074215', 'display_name': 'Journal of Communications Software and Systems', 'issn_l': '1845-6421', 'issn': ['1845-6421', '1846-6079'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310314834', 'host_organization_name': 'Croatian Communications and Information Society (CCIS)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310314834'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Croatian Communications and Information Society (CCIS)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1511430383', 'https://openalex.org/W1562979145', 'https://openalex.org/W1614137482', 'https://openalex.org/W2080918425', 'https://openalex.org/W2092136075', 'https://openalex.org/W2094432258', 'https://openalex.org/W2101693213', 'https://openalex.org/W2105627117', 'https://openalex.org/W2107229032', 'https://openalex.org/W2107690964', 'https://openalex.org/W2110238624', 'https://openalex.org/W2119411189', 'https://openalex.org/W2121606987', 'https://openalex.org/W2123958913', 'https://openalex.org/W2124922160', 'https://openalex.org/W2129031807', 'https://openalex.org/W2146854905', 'https://openalex.org/W2149279295', 'https://openalex.org/W2150940322', 'https://openalex.org/W2152528197', 'https://openalex.org/W2154890041', 'https://openalex.org/W2162747867', 'https://openalex.org/W2167984742', 'https://openalex.org/W2185777882', 'https://openalex.org/W2222445509', 'https://openalex.org/W2474817406', 'https://openalex.org/W358166607', 'https://openalex.org/W4252477136', 'https://openalex.org/W4300188436'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4230538726', 'https://openalex.org/W2164296051', 'https://openalex.org/W2159911483', 'https://openalex.org/W2128089193', 'https://openalex.org/W2124523850', 'https://openalex.org/W2123852807', 'https://openalex.org/W2092269370', 'https://openalex.org/W1848770611', 'https://openalex.org/W1847760306', 'https://openalex.org/W1637037526'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'the': [1, 12, 29, 43, 73, 96, 116, 119, 128], 'first': [2, 120], 'part': [3], 'of': [4, 14, 26, 47, 76, 95, 115], 'this': [5], 'paper,': [6], 'several': [7], 'basic': [8], 'ideas': [9], 'that': [10, 81, 87], 'prompted': [11], 'coming': [13], 'turbo': [15, 37, 54, 117], 'codes': [16, 51, 55], 'are': [17, 109], 'commented': [18], 'on.': [19], 'We': [20, 79], 'then': [21], 'present': [22], 'some': [23], 'personal': [24], 'points': [25], 'view': [27], 'on': [28, 36], 'main': [30], 'advances': [31], 'obtained': [32], 'in': [33], 'past': [34], 'years': [35], 'coding': [38], 'and': [39, 52, 101, 127], 'decoding': [40, 100], 'such': [41], 'as': [42, 91], 'circular': [44], 'trellis': [45], 'termination': [46], 'recursive': [48], 'systematic': [49], 'convolutional': [50], 'double-binary': [53], 'associated': [56], 'with': [57, 133], 'Max-Log-MAP': [58], 'decoding.': [59], 'A': [60], 'novel': [61], 'evaluation': [62], 'method,': [63], 'called': [64], 'genieinitialised': [65], 'iterative': [66, 77, 99, 125], 'processing': [67], '(GIIP),': [68], 'is': [69], 'introduced': [70], 'to': [71, 111], 'assess': [72], 'error': [74], 'performance': [75], 'processing.': [78], 'show': [80], 'using': [82], 'GIIP': [83], 'produces': [84], 'a': [85, 92], 'result': [86], 'can': [88], 'be': [89], 'viewed': [90], 'lower': [93], 'bound': [94], 'maximum': [97], 'likelihood': [98], 'detection': [102, 126], 'performance.': [103], 'Finally,': [104], 'two': [105], 'wireless': [106], 'communication': [107], 'systems': [108], 'presented': [110], 'illustrate': [112], 'recent': [113], 'applications': [114], 'principle,': [118], 'one': [121, 130], 'being': [122], 'multiple-input/multiple-output': [123], 'channel': [124], 'second': [129], 'multi-carrier': [131], 'modulation': [132], 'linear': [134], 'precoding.': [135]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2604821464', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T20:47:55.485831', 'created_date': '2017-04-14'}