Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2593332683', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072374', 'title': 'A model for tidewater glacier undercutting by submarine melting', 'display_name': 'A model for tidewater glacier undercutting by submarine melting', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-03-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2593332683', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072374', 'mag': '2593332683'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072374', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S36624081', 'display_name': 'Geophysical Research Letters', 'issn_l': '0094-8276', 'issn': ['0094-8276', '1944-8007'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315809', 'host_organization_name': 'American Geophysical Union', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315809'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Geophysical Union'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072374', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070629827', 'display_name': 'Donald Slater', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8394-6149'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'D. A. Slater', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068282620', 'display_name': 'Peter Nienow', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1737-0054'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. W. Nienow', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025524755', 'display_name': 'Dave Goldberg', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. N. Goldberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066080857', 'display_name': 'Tom Cowton', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-7372'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I16835326', 'display_name': 'University of St Andrews', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02wn5qz54', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I16835326']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. R. Cowton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I16835326']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053385922', 'display_name': 'Andrew Sole', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8967'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I91136226', 'display_name': 'University of Sheffield', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05krs5044', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I91136226']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. J. Sole', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I91136226']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5070629827'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2900, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2900, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1283, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 1383, 'provenance': 'openapc'}, 'fwci': 4.443, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 62, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999914, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '44', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '2360', 'last_page': '2368'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10644', 'display_name': 'Cryospheric studies and observations', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10644', 'display_name': 'Cryospheric studies and observations', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13176', 'display_name': 'Winter Sports Injuries and Performance', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11459', 'display_name': 'Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tidewater', 'display_name': 'Tidewater', 'score': 0.80920684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/greenland-ice-sheet', 'display_name': 'Greenland ice sheet', 'score': 0.6603621}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fjord', 'display_name': 'Fjord', 'score': 0.57023203}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tidewater-glacier-cycle', 'display_name': 'Tidewater glacier cycle', 'score': 0.42833754}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133091792', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14613411', 'display_name': 'Tidewater', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.80920684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78685915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121327165', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2811', 'display_name': 'Submarine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7625595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100834320', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666', 'display_name': 'Glacier', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74257106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780021526', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432', 'display_name': 'Greenland ice sheet', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6603621}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135310875', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45776', 'display_name': 'Fjord', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57023203}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775840915', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817528', 'display_name': 'Plume', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5221972}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114793014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109', 'display_name': 'Geomorphology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.451775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123750103', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599', 'display_name': 'Ice sheet', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4353177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169511391', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7800892', 'display_name': 'Tidewater glacier cycle', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.42833754}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22641795', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868757', 'display_name': 'Ice calving', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42371857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3487463}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12764114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779234561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995', 'display_name': 'Pregnancy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776659692', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719426', 'display_name': 'Lactation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072374', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S36624081', 'display_name': 'Geophysical Research Letters', 'issn_l': '0094-8276', 'issn': ['0094-8276', '1944-8007'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315809', 'host_organization_name': 'American Geophysical Union', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315809'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Geophysical Union'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/db19e882-17c5-4198-b8ab-f85be8eee72a', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/34218780/Slater_et_al_2017_Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400320', 'display_name': 'Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Edinburgh'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/10023/10473', 'pdf_url': 'https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/10023/10473/1/Cowton_2017_GRL_SubmarineMelting_CC.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400230', 'display_name': 'St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I16835326', 'host_organization_name': 'University of St Andrews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I16835326'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of St Andrews'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/34218780/Slater_et_al_2017_Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/34218780/Slater_et_al_2017_Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400321', 'display_name': 'Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Edinburgh'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/115129/1/Slater_et_al-2017-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/115129/1/Slater_et_al-2017-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196101', 'display_name': 'White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130828816', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Leeds', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130828816'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Leeds'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072374', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S36624081', 'display_name': 'Geophysical Research Letters', 'issn_l': '0094-8276', 'issn': ['0094-8276', '1944-8007'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315809', 'host_organization_name': 'American Geophysical Union', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315809'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Geophysical Union'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'score': 0.88, 'display_name': 'Life below water'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334631', 'funder_display_name': 'Natural Environment Research Council', 'award_id': 'NE/K014609/1'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334631', 'funder_display_name': 'Natural Environment Research Council', 'award_id': 'NE/K015249/1'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 32, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1483261315', 'https://openalex.org/W1507058412', 'https://openalex.org/W1518704754', 'https://openalex.org/W1532648630', 'https://openalex.org/W1590855237', 'https://openalex.org/W1740671805', 'https://openalex.org/W1758058526', 'https://openalex.org/W1808380395', 'https://openalex.org/W1957873071', 'https://openalex.org/W1982328566', 'https://openalex.org/W1983844230', 'https://openalex.org/W2000339962', 'https://openalex.org/W2001442031', 'https://openalex.org/W2090266865', 'https://openalex.org/W2096887168', 'https://openalex.org/W2112137561', 'https://openalex.org/W2117315558', 'https://openalex.org/W2123027903', 'https://openalex.org/W2137816126', 'https://openalex.org/W2149435696', 'https://openalex.org/W2150376645', 'https://openalex.org/W2152846021', 'https://openalex.org/W2159614923', 'https://openalex.org/W2161823728', 'https://openalex.org/W2163617212', 'https://openalex.org/W2165513598', 'https://openalex.org/W2213111148', 'https://openalex.org/W2307729414', 'https://openalex.org/W2406511072', 'https://openalex.org/W2415020986', 'https://openalex.org/W3101652770', 'https://openalex.org/W4241012234'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W798343276', 'https://openalex.org/W4403856927', 'https://openalex.org/W3028286744', 'https://openalex.org/W2913920822', 'https://openalex.org/W2913447667', 'https://openalex.org/W2887878921', 'https://openalex.org/W2612960904', 'https://openalex.org/W2605966480', 'https://openalex.org/W2092159635', 'https://openalex.org/W2011378838'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Dynamic': [1], 'change': [2], 'at': [3, 117, 146], 'the': [4, 8, 16, 80, 87, 96, 103, 106, 112, 118, 122, 126], 'marine‐terminating': [5], 'margins': [6], 'of': [7, 36, 89, 105, 131], 'Greenland': [9], 'Ice': [10], 'Sheet': [11], 'may': [12], 'be': [13], 'initiated': [14], 'by': [15, 75, 95, 102, 125], 'ocean,': [17], 'particularly': [18], 'where': [19], 'subglacial': [20, 55], 'runoff': [21, 51], 'drives': [22], 'vigorous': [23], 'ice‐marginal': [24], 'plumes': [25], 'and': [26], 'rapid': [27], 'submarine': [28, 33, 68, 76], 'melting.': [29], 'Here': [30], 'we': [31, 57], 'model': [32], 'melt‐driven': [34], 'undercutting': [35, 60, 115, 139], 'tidewater': [37], 'glacier': [38], 'termini,': [39], 'simulating': [40], 'a': [41, 63], 'process': [42], 'which': [43], 'is': [44, 91], 'key': [45], 'to': [46, 79, 143], 'understanding': [47], 'ice‐ocean': [48, 107], 'coupling.': [49], 'Where': [50], 'emerges': [52], 'from': [53], 'broad': [54], 'channels': [56], 'find': [58], 'that': [59, 111], 'has': [61], 'only': [62, 94], 'weak': [64], 'impact': [65, 88], 'on': [66], 'local': [67], 'melt': [69, 97], 'rate': [70, 98], 'but': [71, 100], 'increases': [72], 'total': [73], 'ablation': [74], 'melting': [77, 90], 'due': [78], 'larger': [81], 'submerged': [82], 'ice': [83, 132], 'surface': [84], 'area.': [85], 'Thus,': [86], 'determined': [92], 'not': [93], 'magnitude': [99], 'also': [101], 'slope': [104], 'interface.': [108], 'We': [109], 'suggest': [110], 'most': [113], 'severe': [114], 'occurs': [116], 'maximum': [119], 'height': [120], 'in': [121], 'fjord': [123], 'reached': [124], 'plume,': [127], 'likely': [128], 'promoting': [129], 'calving': [130, 145], 'above.': [133], 'It': [134], 'remains': [135], 'unclear,': [136], 'however,': [137], 'whether': [138], 'proceeds': [140], 'sufficiently': [141], 'rapidly': [142], 'influence': [144], "Greenland's": [147], 'fastest‐flowing': [148], 'glaciers.': [149]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2593332683', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T15:32:55.465933', 'created_date': '2017-03-16'}