Abstract: The reported work objective was to demonstrate feasibility of a new threshing mechanism, which allows unifying the threshers of grain and rice combine harvesters. The rasp-bar threshers installed on grain combine harvesters are ineffective when threshing rice. So special machines equipped with peg threshers are required. The lack of unification between the grain and rice combine harvesters makes the manufacturing process and acquisition of these machines by the farms more complicated. To provide highly efficient threshing of all crops harvested with combines, a unified threshing mechanism with finger rasps for harvesting spiked cereals was designed; it can be easily re-adjusted to the beater option and the option to harvest rice. One of the world leaders in manufacture of combine harvesters, Claas Group, replaces the rasp bar threshing drum with spike tooth concave in order to use the grain combine harvester for harvesting rice. This operation requires special equipment, which is generally available in fixed or mobile workshops. A unified threshing mechanism can be re-adjusted to different options in the field by the operator without the use of special tools. When harvesting the spiked cereal crops, which account for 90% in the grain balance of the Russian Federation, with a new threshing unit the throughput of the combine harvester increases by 18 to 24%; the energy intensity of threshing is reduced by 20 to 30%; the grain loss is 1.5-2.0 times smaller and the grain damage is 30 to 40% less. The fuel consumption by the engine, and, consequently, the atmosphere emissions of exhaust gases, drop by 13 to 18%. Adjustment of the threshing gaps, which are the same for all cereal crops and conditions, is not required. This increases the probability of correct settings of the thresher from 0.2 to 0.5. The more efficient threshing is provided owing to the two-level energy impact on the threshed crop, which complies with the properties of the cereal spike. Described threshing unit can be used in three options: when the corrugated rasps are fixed in the rest position and the concave is supplied with additional limiting planks, the unit is used for threshing rice and other difficult-to-thresh crops. With the same design of the drum and the concave having no additional planks, the unit is used for threshing spiked cereals. When the corrugated rasps are fixed in the rest position and the concave has no additional planks, the unit is used for threshing headings, small seed and some other crops.
Publication Year: 2016
Publication Date: 2016-01-01
Language: en
Type: article
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