Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2588031664', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.35566', 'title': 'Field energy and RMS emittance in intense particle beams', 'display_name': 'Field energy and RMS emittance in intense particle beams', 'publication_year': 1986, 'publication_date': '1986-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2588031664', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.35566', 'mag': '2588031664'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.35566', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764696622', 'display_name': 'AIP conference proceedings', 'issn_l': '0094-243X', 'issn': ['0094-243X', '1551-7616', '1935-0465'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029679909', 'display_name': 'T.P. Wangler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'display_name': 'Los Alamos National Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e41cf67', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'https://openalex.org/I198811213', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120050']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. P. Wangler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MS H817, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MS H817, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343871089']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103442291', 'display_name': 'K.R. Crandall', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'display_name': 'Los Alamos National Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e41cf67', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'https://openalex.org/I198811213', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120050']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. R. Crandall', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MS H817, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MS H817, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343871089']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073511821', 'display_name': 'R.S. Mills', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'display_name': 'Los Alamos National Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e41cf67', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I1343871089', 'https://openalex.org/I198811213', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120050']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. S. Mills', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MS H817, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MS H817, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1343871089']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109056806', 'display_name': 'M. Reiser', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, College Park', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047s2c258', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Reiser', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.41, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.788146, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 73, 'max': 75}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11367', 'display_name': 'Particle accelerators and beam dynamics', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11367', 'display_name': 'Particle accelerators and beam dynamics', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10559', 'display_name': 'Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers', 'score': 0.9948, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10346', 'display_name': 'Magnetic confinement fusion research', 'score': 0.9899, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-emittance', 'display_name': 'Beam emittance', 'score': 0.6042655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-density', 'display_name': 'Charge density', 'score': 0.456565}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92508244', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3369825', 'display_name': 'Thermal emittance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.95321083}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.69723797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779259746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52343', 'display_name': 'Beam emittance', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6042655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103132145', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669228', 'display_name': 'Space charge', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.580251}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168834538', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329', 'display_name': 'Beam (structure)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5597354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9652623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109', 'display_name': 'Field (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52928334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158622935', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50297683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150708132', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744771', 'display_name': 'Charge density', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.456565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60799052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221', 'display_name': 'Electric field', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44609526}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99844830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924', 'display_name': 'Scaling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44252732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30475298', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554', 'display_name': 'Computational physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42689735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20829168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13066268}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12428594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147120987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225', 'display_name': 'Electron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.06866044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.055808812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1063/1.35566', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764696622', 'display_name': 'AIP conference proceedings', 'issn_l': '0094-243X', 'issn': ['0094-243X', '1551-7616', '1935-0465'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.75, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 7, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W118274575', 'https://openalex.org/W1979381906', 'https://openalex.org/W2038342322', 'https://openalex.org/W2075740554', 'https://openalex.org/W2558831326', 'https://openalex.org/W266820171', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2743819474', 'https://openalex.org/W2554538766', 'https://openalex.org/W2460847965', 'https://openalex.org/W2142620569', 'https://openalex.org/W2138075413', 'https://openalex.org/W2099456880', 'https://openalex.org/W2090332158', 'https://openalex.org/W1995594716', 'https://openalex.org/W1993211838', 'https://openalex.org/W1969631857'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'An': [0], 'equation': [1, 15, 69], 'is': [2], 'presented': [3], 'for': [4, 24, 33, 73, 85, 94, 105, 116], 'continuous': [5, 11], 'beam': [6, 80], 'with': [7, 64], 'azimuthal': [8], 'symmetry': [9], 'and': [10, 28, 54, 113], 'linear': [12], 'focusing;': [13], 'the': [14, 20, 29, 38, 48, 51, 57, 74, 107, 117], 'expresses': [16], 'a': [17, 34, 83, 95, 103], 'relationship': [18], 'between': [19], 'rate': [21, 30], 'of': [22, 31, 50, 76, 97, 109], 'change': [23, 32], 'squared': [25], 'rms': [26, 78, 110], 'emittance': [27, 87, 111], 'quantity': [35], 'we': [36, 90], 'call': [37], 'nonlinear': [39, 43], 'field': [40, 44, 59], 'energy.': [41], 'The': [42, 68, 100], 'energy': [45, 60], 'depends': [46], 'on': [47, 121], 'shape': [49], 'charge': [52, 66], 'distribution': [53], 'corresponds': [55], 'to': [56, 81], 'residual': [58], 'possessed': [61], 'by': [62], 'beams': [63], 'nonuniform': [65], 'distributions.': [67, 99], 'can': [70], 'be': [71], 'integrated': [72], 'case': [75], 'an': [77, 114], 'matched': [79], 'yield': [82], 'formula': [84], 'space‐charge‐induced': [86], 'growth': [88, 112], 'that': [89], 'have': [91], 'tested': [92], 'numerically': [93], 'variety': [96], 'initial': [98], 'results': [101], 'provide': [102], 'framework': [104], 'discussing': [106], 'scaling': [108], 'explanation': [115], 'well‐established': [118], 'lower': [119], 'limit': [120], 'output': [122], 'emittance.': [123]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2588031664', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T19:04:16.047664', 'created_date': '2017-02-24'}