Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2575686351', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2', 'title': 'Sharpening the cutting edge: additional considerations for the UK debates on embryonic interventions for mitochondrial diseases', 'display_name': 'Sharpening the cutting edge: additional considerations for the UK debates on embryonic interventions for mitochondrial diseases', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-01-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2575686351', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2', 'mag': '2575686351', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28092013', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5236032'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2739080197', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences Society and Policy', 'issn_l': '2195-7819', 'issn': ['2195-7819'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031678059', 'display_name': 'Erica Haimes', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84884186', 'display_name': 'Newcastle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kj2bm70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Erica Haimes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['PEALS (Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences) Research Centre, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Claremont Bridge, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'PEALS (Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences) Research Centre, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Claremont Bridge, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112037068', 'display_name': 'Ken Taylor', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84884186', 'display_name': 'Newcastle University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kj2bm70', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ken Taylor', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['PEALS (Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences) Research Centre, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Claremont Bridge, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'PEALS (Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences) Research Centre, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Claremont Bridge, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84884186']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.319, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 46, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.855979, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '13', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11163', 'display_name': 'Organ Donation and Transplantation', 'score': 0.9895, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11163', 'display_name': 'Organ Donation and Transplantation', 'score': 0.9895, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13417', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Ethics and Regulation', 'score': 0.976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11156', 'display_name': 'Reproductive Health and Technologies', 'score': 0.9713, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2743', 'display_name': 'Reproductive Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity', 'display_name': 'CLARITY', 'score': 0.6038009}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777351106', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371', 'display_name': 'Legislation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7414578}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27415008', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382', 'display_name': 'Psychological intervention', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7145158}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777146004', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826', 'display_name': 'CLARITY', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6038009}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.52880526}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44924918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46295352', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982', 'display_name': 'Legitimacy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43383226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39549134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080', 'display_name': 'Public relations', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37791032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31550097}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31500214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16790691}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159110408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176', 'display_name': 'Nursing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13230586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D047108', 'descriptor_name': 'Embryonic Development', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028361', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000069321', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053652', 'descriptor_name': 'Nuclear Transfer Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000941', 'qualifier_name': 'ethics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D027724', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000941', 'qualifier_name': 'ethics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005307', 'descriptor_name': 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000331', 'qualifier_name': 'legislation & jurisprudence', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005307', 'descriptor_name': 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000941', 'qualifier_name': 'ethics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005307', 'descriptor_name': 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008928', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028361', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028361', 'descriptor_name': 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053652', 'descriptor_name': 'Nuclear Transfer Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D053652', 'descriptor_name': 'Nuclear Transfer Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D027724', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006113', 'descriptor_name': 'United Kingdom', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2739080197', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences Society and Policy', 'issn_l': '2195-7819', 'issn': ['2195-7819'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5236032', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28092013', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2739080197', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences Society and Policy', 'issn_l': '2195-7819', 'issn': ['2195-7819'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320307874', 'funder_display_name': 'Wellcome', 'award_id': 'WT102609'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 46, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1511769694', 'https://openalex.org/W1516969558', 'https://openalex.org/W1546831332', 'https://openalex.org/W1559790765', 'https://openalex.org/W16795656', 'https://openalex.org/W180559461', 'https://openalex.org/W1872667453', 'https://openalex.org/W1884772115', 'https://openalex.org/W1969564538', 'https://openalex.org/W1978460383', 'https://openalex.org/W1986945602', 'https://openalex.org/W1997639391', 'https://openalex.org/W2014507823', 'https://openalex.org/W2015710217', 'https://openalex.org/W2016715437', 'https://openalex.org/W2032038014', 'https://openalex.org/W2032405024', 'https://openalex.org/W2036026271', 'https://openalex.org/W2089787940', 'https://openalex.org/W2093488750', 'https://openalex.org/W2100967449', 'https://openalex.org/W2106499436', 'https://openalex.org/W2112229179', 'https://openalex.org/W2139565470', 'https://openalex.org/W2142626085', 'https://openalex.org/W2146380951', 'https://openalex.org/W2168549456', 'https://openalex.org/W2185012271', 'https://openalex.org/W2192757867', 'https://openalex.org/W2235672438', 'https://openalex.org/W2268844946', 'https://openalex.org/W2327359217', 'https://openalex.org/W2337625126', 'https://openalex.org/W2405954548', 'https://openalex.org/W2407256950', 'https://openalex.org/W2412655997', 'https://openalex.org/W2467819626', 'https://openalex.org/W2558936320', 'https://openalex.org/W2624286474', 'https://openalex.org/W2902752428', 'https://openalex.org/W2913518016', 'https://openalex.org/W4210266854', 'https://openalex.org/W4251839703', 'https://openalex.org/W4252594356', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W868170494'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4367679314', 'https://openalex.org/W4244083766', 'https://openalex.org/W225526533', 'https://openalex.org/W2148273157', 'https://openalex.org/W2134615400', 'https://openalex.org/W2091016074', 'https://openalex.org/W2086338133', 'https://openalex.org/W2078361494', 'https://openalex.org/W2023583523', 'https://openalex.org/W2009234990'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 81], 'October': [1], '2015': [2], 'the': [3, 9, 38, 51, 54, 61, 122, 135, 143, 150, 157, 172, 190, 195, 210, 220, 231], 'UK': [4, 67, 91, 196, 221], 'enacted': [5], 'legislation': [6, 59], 'to': [7, 32, 36, 153], 'permit': [8], 'clinical': [10, 154], 'use': [11, 33], 'of': [12, 41, 53, 63, 89, 121, 129, 137, 145, 159, 176, 189, 194, 209, 215, 234, 239], 'two': [13], 'cutting': [14], 'edge': [15], 'germline-altering,': [16], 'IVF-based': [17], 'embryonic': [18], 'techniques:': [19], 'pronuclear': [20], 'transfer': [21, 25, 152], 'and': [22, 27, 60, 93, 104, 114, 125, 170, 174, 192, 200, 222, 237], 'maternal': [23, 39], 'spindle': [24], '(PNT': [26], 'MST).': [28], 'The': [29], 'aim': [30], 'is': [31, 198], 'these': [34, 130, 138, 216, 225], 'techniques': [35, 151], 'prevent': [37], 'transmission': [40], 'serious': [42], 'mitochondrial': [43, 131, 240], 'diseases.': [44], 'Major': [45], 'claims': [46, 96], 'have': [47, 117], 'been': [48], 'made': [49], 'about': [50, 97], 'quality': [52, 99, 193], 'debates': [55, 65, 92, 197], 'that': [56, 95, 184], 'preceded': [57], 'this': [58, 82], 'significance': [62], 'those': [64, 90], 'for': [66, 75, 141, 164], 'decision-making': [68], 'on': [69, 161], 'other': [70, 76], 'biotechnologies,': [71], 'as': [72, 74], 'well': [73], 'countries': [77], 'considering': [78], 'similar': [79], 'legislation.': [80], 'article': [83], 'we': [84], 'conduct': [85], 'a': [86, 185, 203, 206], 'systematic': [87], 'analysis': [88], 'suggest': [94], 'their': [98], 'are': [100], 'over-stated.': [101], 'We': [102, 133, 182], 'identify,': [103], 'analyse': [105], 'in': [106, 179, 219], 'detail,': [107], 'ten': [108], 'areas': [109], 'where': [110], 'greater': [111], 'clarity,': [112], 'depth': [113], 'nuance': [115], 'would': [116], 'produced': [118], 'sharper': [119], 'understandings': [120], 'contributions,': [123], 'limitations': [124], 'wider': [126], 'social': [127], 'impacts': [128], 'interventions.': [132, 241], 'explore': [134], 'implications': [136], 'additional': [139, 226], 'considerations': [140], '(i)': [142], 'protection': [144], 'all': [146], 'parties': [147], 'involved,': [148], 'should': [149], 'applications;': [155], '(ii)': [156], 'legitimacy': [158], 'focussing': [160], 'short-term': [162], 'gains': [163], 'individuals': [165], 'over': [166], 'public': [167, 177], 'health': [168], 'considerations,': [169], '(iii)': [171], 'maintenance': [173], 'improvement': [175], 'trust': [178], 'medical': [180], 'biotechnologies.': [181], 'conclude': [183], 'more': [186], 'measured': [187], 'evaluation': [188], 'content': [191], 'important': [199], 'timely:': [201], 'such': [202], 'critique': [204], 'provides': [205], 'clearer': [207], 'understanding': [208], 'possible,': [211], 'but': [212], 'specific,': [213], 'contributions': [214], 'interventions,': [217], 'both': [218], 'elsewhere;': [223], 'also,': [224], 'insights': [227], 'can': [228], 'now': [229], 'inform': [230], 'emerging': [232], 'processes': [233], 'implementation,': [235], 'regulation': [236], 'practice': [238]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2575686351', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T00:23:22.119247', 'created_date': '2017-01-26'}