Abstract: This study is a historical description and also a system analysis of the alternative schools in Korea as a phenomenon.Describing this special educational issue, the study is divided into two main parts: historical background of alternative schools, presenting the related teacher movements and challenges, also the way of its institutionalization; and the current situation.The most relatable part of the study in today's educational transformation is how a new educational approach can be realized in a traditional educational system, moreover, how can achieve even a more diversified educational system.The present challenges, such as financing and maintaining are also discussed in the paper.