Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
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1916, 1959, 1963, 2022, 2050, 2060, 2078, 2118, 2123, 2158, 2166, 2184, 2239, 2245, 2266, 2279, 2301, 2366, 2387, 2391, 2403, 2415, 2421, 2436, 2453, 2458, 2464, 2567, 2577, 2596, 2610, 2631, 2639, 2651, 2656, 2667, 2687, 2724, 2736, 2750, 2773, 2779, 2802, 2813, 2836, 2841, 2875, 2923, 2951, 3006, 3032, 3044, 3070, 3078, 3093, 3106, 3153, 3186, 3218, 3239, 3244, 3249, 3262, 3266, 3269, 3287, 3311, 3343, 3346, 3367, 3416, 3432, 3449, 3452, 3460, 3466, 3484, 3518, 3529, 3543, 3557, 3580, 3592, 3631, 3652, 3656, 3676, 3692, 3724, 3744, 3761, 3807, 3852, 3877, 3889, 3921, 3931, 3994, 4023, 4058, 4077, 4084, 4119, 4126, 4167, 4175, 4193], 'caffeine': [14, 292, 320, 340, 430, 436, 455, 479, 482, 515, 521, 529, 548, 551, 569, 709, 810, 1009, 1050, 1077, 1149, 1167, 1298, 1310, 1334, 1349, 1426, 1478, 1530, 1667, 1716, 1839, 1927, 2178, 2210, 2303, 2307, 2437, 2454, 2476, 2632, 2652, 2688, 2880, 2956, 3071, 3096, 3122, 3240, 3336, 3386, 3456, 3632, 3745], 'Panel': [16, 25, 40, 49, 70, 120, 270, 518, 2752, 2861, 2937], 'Dietetic': [18, 27, 42, 51, 272, 2863, 2939], 'Products,': [19, 28, 43, 52, 273, 2864, 2940], 'Nutrition': [20, 29, 44, 53, 274, 1106, 1155, 1246, 2086, 2865, 2941, 3108, 3427], 'and': [21, 30, 45, 54, 113, 142, 153, 162, 209, 213, 225, 232, 251, 275, 314, 321, 330, 399, 406, 480, 504, 549, 563, 591, 617, 651, 657, 682, 693, 702, 711, 724, 739, 752, 763, 776, 826, 843, 900, 978, 983, 987, 1003, 1027, 1037, 1046, 1062, 1073, 1081, 1087, 1099, 1107, 1133, 1139, 1156, 1168, 1176, 1197, 1211, 1230, 1247, 1259, 1265, 1274, 1292, 1305, 1322, 1333, 1355, 1372, 1381, 1393, 1400, 1421, 1430, 1434, 1463, 1496, 1523, 1535, 1553, 1570, 1589, 1598, 1611, 1625, 1634, 1650, 1675, 1709, 1715, 1718, 1780, 1786, 1806, 1812, 1816, 1831, 1860, 1871, 1908, 1914, 1929, 1934, 1945, 1951, 1976, 2006, 2013, 2044, 2072, 2110, 2148, 2164, 2182, 2200, 2211, 2226, 2232, 2260, 2283, 2291, 2298, 2324, 2332, 2335, 2352, 2358, 2378, 2385, 2409, 2427, 2438, 2440, 2446, 2456, 2471, 2498, 2503, 2506, 2509, 2513, 2524, 2540, 2544, 2558, 2565, 2573, 2591, 2624, 2646, 2660, 2678, 2684, 2689, 2695, 2708, 2730, 2756, 2775, 2866, 2881, 2907, 2942, 2957, 2994, 3027, 3064, 3087, 3109, 3121, 3137, 3168, 3203, 3208, 3214, 3234, 3242, 3281, 3296, 3304, 3315, 3321, 3331, 3357, 3370, 3381, 3408, 3414, 3426, 3444, 3479, 3513, 3523, 3536, 3541, 3552, 3587, 3626, 3671, 3682, 3688, 3704, 3735, 3746, 3750, 3763, 3773, 3782, 3798, 3829, 3834, 3867, 3874, 3899, 3908, 3935, 3980, 3990, 4009, 4015, 4038, 4052, 4069, 4075, 4104, 4116, 4138, 4144, 4150, 4160, 4184, 4190, 4195], 'Allergies': [22, 31, 46, 55, 276, 2867, 2943], '(NDA),': [23, 47, 2868, 2944], '(NDA)Search': [32, 56], 'for': [33, 57, 145, 166, 309, 349, 451, 473, 499, 527, 556, 897, 1655, 1986, 1990, 2126, 3753], 'more': [34, 58], 'papers': [35, 59], 'by': [36, 60, 463, 489, 531, 571, 1209, 1669, 2598, 3641, 3811], 'this': [37, 61, 150, 171, 246], 'author': [38, 62], 'First': [63], 'published:': [64], '27': [65, 181, 2826], 'May': [66, 182], '2015': [67, 178, 183], 'https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102Citations:': [68], '111': [69], 'members:': [71], 'Carlo': [72], 'Agostoni,': [73], 'Roberto': [74], 'Berni': [75], 'Canani,': [76], 'Susan': [77], 'Fairweather-Tait,': [78], 'Marina': [79], 'Heinonen,': [80], 'Hannu': [81], 'Korhonen,': [82], 'Sébastien': [83], 'La': [84], 'Vieille,': [85], 'Rosangela': [86], 'Marchelli,': [87], 'Ambroise': [88], 'Martin,': [89], 'Androniki': [90], 'Naska,': [91], 'Monika': [92, 136], 'Neuhäuser-Berthold,': [93, 137], 'Grażyna': [94], 'Nowicka,': [95], 'Yolanda': [96], 'Sanz,': [97], 'Alfonso': [98], 'Siani,': [99], 'Anders': [100, 138], 'Sjödin,': [101, 139], 'Martin': [102, 1255, 2111], 'Stern,': [103], 'Sean': [104], '(J.J.)': [105], 'Strain,': [106], 'Inge': [107], 'Tetens,': [108], 'Daniel': [109], 'Tomé,': [110], 'Dominique': [111], 'Turck': [112], 'Hans': [114, 143], 'Verhagen.': [115], 'Correspondence:': [116], '[email protected]': [117], 'Acknowledgement:': [118], 'The': [119, 360, 517, 706, 728, 1677, 1835, 2628, 2784, 3340, 4121], 'wishes': [121], 'to': [122, 170, 195, 217, 240, 279, 303, 342, 357, 367, 376, 416, 432, 439, 448, 458, 470, 485, 496, 511, 543, 784, 841, 1041, 1502, 2717, 2760, 2810, 2879, 2920, 2955, 2962, 2976, 3003, 3147, 3492, 3496, 3837], 'thank': [123], 'members': [125], 'Working': [128], 'Group': [129], 'caffeine:': [131], 'Diane': [132], 'Benford,': [133], 'Ursula': [134], 'Gunder-Remy,': [135], 'Josef': [140], 'Schlatter': [141], 'Verhagen': [144], 'preparatory': [147, 1984], 'work': [148, 1985], 'scientific': [151, 172, 282], 'opinion': [152, 283], 'staff:': [155], 'Davide': [156], 'Arcella,': [157], 'Arianna': [158], 'Chiusolo,': [159], 'Wolfgang': [160], 'Gelbmann': [161], 'Silvia': [163], 'Valtueña': [164], 'Martínez': [165], 'support': [168], 'provided': [169], 'opinion.': [173], 'Adoption': [174], 'date:': [175, 180], '23': [176], 'April': [177], 'Published': [179], 'Question': [184], 'number:': [185], 'EFSA-Q-2013-00220': [186], 'On': [187], 'request': [188, 263, 2765], 'from:': [189], 'European': [190, 266, 579, 1052, 1217, 1480, 1842, 2020, 2058, 2608, 2734, 2768, 2817, 2845, 3421, 3690, 3850, 3992], 'Commission': [191, 2769], 'AboutPDF': [192], 'ToolsExport': [193], 'citationAdd': [194], 'favoritesTrack': [196], 'citation': [197], 'ShareShare': [198], 'Give': [199], 'accessShare': [200, 203], 'full': [201], 'text': [202], 'full-text': [204, 219, 243], 'accessPlease': [205], 'review': [206, 1569, 2163, 2572], 'our': [207], 'Terms': [208, 231], 'Conditions': [210, 233], 'Use': [212], 'check': [214], 'box': [215], 'below': [216, 239], 'share': [218, 241], 'version': [220, 244], 'article.I': [222], 'have': [223], 'read': [224], 'accept': [226], 'Wiley': [228], 'Online': [229], 'Library': [230], 'UseShareable': [235], 'LinkUse': [236], 'link': [238], 'a': [242, 257, 262, 281, 350, 513, 541, 626, 869, 991, 1356, 1505, 1508, 1919, 1956, 2016, 2124, 2127, 2161, 2188, 2570, 2574, 2663, 2764, 2963, 2977, 3094, 3363, 3645, 3846, 3884], 'article': [247], 'with': [248, 735, 835, 1473, 1561, 1821, 2604, 3040, 3489, 3521, 3633, 3715], 'your': [249], 'friends': [250], 'colleagues.': [252], 'Learn': [253], 'more.Copy': [254], 'URL': [255], 'Share': [256], 'linkShare': [258], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat': [259], 'Abstract': [260], 'Following': [261], 'from': [264, 294, 666, 1428, 2766, 3124, 3571, 3757, 3815], 'Commission,': [267], 'was': [277], 'asked': [278], 'deliver': [280], 'caffeine,': [288, 404, 4014], 'providing': [289], 'advice': [290], 'intakes,': [293], 'all': [295], 'dietary': [296, 2209, 3581], 'sources': [297], 'that': [298, 520], 'do': [299, 353, 492], 'not': [300, 354, 364, 422, 445, 467, 493, 2154, 2715], 'give': [301, 355, 365, 446, 468, 494], 'rise': [302, 356, 366, 447, 469, 495], 'concerns': [304, 369, 450, 472, 498], 'about': [305, 417], 'adverse': [306, 1438], 'health': [307, 2445, 2876, 2952], 'effects': [308, 729, 1330, 1594, 1954, 2049, 2077, 2300, 2414, 2443, 2529, 2630, 3069, 3092, 3265, 3342, 3451, 4146, 4166, 4192], 'general': [311], 'healthy': [312, 2056, 2084], 'population': [313, 558], 'subgroups': [315], 'thereof.': [316], 'Possible': [317], 'interactions': [318, 2207], 'between': [319, 758, 1925, 2208, 2330], 'other': [322, 1169], 'constituents': [323, 385, 2778], 'so-called': [325, 914, 2781], '“energy': [326, 387, 915], 'drinks”,': [327], 'alcohol,': [328], 'p-synephrine': [329], 'physical': [331, 378, 1074, 2884], 'exercise': [332, 379, 1100, 2272, 2535, 2889, 2915], 'should': [333], 'also': [334], 'be': [335], 'addressed.': [336], 'Single': [337, 476], 'doses': [338, 414, 428, 477, 546, 634], 'up': [341, 415, 431, 438, 457, 484], '200': [343, 433, 459, 486], 'mg': [344, 441, 460, 487], '(about': [345, 395], '3': [346], 'mg/kg': [347, 534], 'bw': [348, 535], '70-kg': [351], 'adult)': [352], 'concerns.': [359], 'same': [361], 'amount': [362], 'does': [363, 444, 466, 2153], 'when': [370], 'consumed': [371, 488], '<': [372], '2': [373, 400, 1823], 'hours': [374], 'prior': [375], 'intense': [377, 1266], 'under': [380], 'normal': [381, 1601, 3073], 'environmental': [382, 3758], 'conditions.': [383], 'Other': [384], 'drinks”': [388], 'at': [389, 413, 2721], 'typical': [390], 'concentrations': [391], 'in': [392, 597, 622, 625, 662, 688, 715, 733, 789, 846, 1011, 1016, 1044, 1079, 1236, 1272, 1278, 1302, 1308, 1359, 1600, 1631, 1662, 1724, 1840, 1921, 2055, 2083, 2130, 2274, 2304, 2362, 2405, 2423, 2536, 2542, 2633, 2671, 2691, 2849, 2883, 2895, 2902, 2909, 2965, 2979, 3038, 3072, 3180, 3318, 3388, 3419, 3486, 3598, 3686, 3711, 3719, 3748, 3779, 3803, 3809, 3843, 3881, 3912, 4018, 4044, 4110, 4113, 4147, 4171], 'such': [393], 'beverages': [394, 1563], '300–320,': [396], '4': [397], '000': [398], '400': [401, 440], 'mg/L': [402], 'taurine': [405, 2774], 'd-glucurono-γ-lactone,': [407], 'respectively),': [408], 'as': [409, 411, 540, 868, 1504, 1983, 2777, 3362, 3639], 'well': [410], 'alcohol': [412, 736, 1332, 1560, 1714, 2439, 3292, 3309, 3601], '0.65': [418], 'g/kg': [419], 'bw,': [420], 'would': [421], 'affect': [423], 'single': [427, 545, 1957], 'mg.': [434], 'Habitual': [435, 454], 'consumption': [437, 456, 530, 631, 656, 912, 986, 1811, 2357, 2455, 2505, 2564, 2601, 2713, 3413, 4074, 4109], 'per': [442, 461, 536], 'day': [443, 462], 'non-pregnant': [452], 'adults.': [453], 'pregnant': [464], 'women': [465, 491, 3810], 'fetus.': [475], 'habitual': [481, 3600], 'intakes': [483, 522, 552], 'lactating': [490], 'breastfed': [500], 'infants.': [501], 'For': [502], 'children': [503], 'adolescents,': [505], 'information': [507], 'available': [508], 'is': [509, 833, 2602, 2714, 3174, 3713], 'insufficient': [510], 'derive': [512, 544], 'safe': [514], 'intake.': [516], 'considers': [519], 'no': [524, 554, 919, 972], 'concern': [525, 555], 'derived': [526], 'acute': [528, 2302], 'adults': [532], '(3': [533], 'day)': [537], 'may': [538], 'serve': [539], 'basis': [542], 'daily': [550], 'these': [557], 'subgroups.': [559], 'References': [560], 'Abernethy': [561, 587], 'DR': [562, 822], 'Todd': [564, 589], 'EL,': [565], '1985.': [566, 594], 'Impairment': [567], 'clearance': [570], 'chronic': [572, 3417], 'use': [573, 2772, 2840], 'low-dose': [575], 'oestrogen-containing': [576], 'oral': [577, 1471, 1867], 'contraceptives.': [578], 'Journal': [580, 600, 797, 853, 876, 1053, 1103, 1152, 1218, 1243, 1337, 1362, 1384, 1404, 1446, 1481, 1604, 1727, 1843, 2021, 2059, 2244, 2278, 2365, 2390, 2609, 2638, 2666, 2735, 2786, 2822, 2853, 2929, 3012, 3043, 3077, 3105, 3152, 3185, 3217, 3248, 3268, 3345, 3431, 3528, 3556, 3651, 3691, 3723, 3760, 3851, 3888, 3920, 3993, 4022, 4057, 4083, 4125, 4174], 'Clinical': [582, 602, 691, 799, 855, 1055, 1339, 1406, 1448, 1483, 1729, 1845, 1869, 2023, 2061, 2213, 2367, 2611, 2693, 2737, 3295, 3322, 3433, 3558, 3693, 3783, 3890, 4127, 4151, 4198], 'Pharmacology,': [583, 603, 800, 1220, 1340, 1484, 1846, 2612, 3694, 4152], '28,': [584, 767, 3605], '425–': [585], '428.': [586], 'DR,': [588, 2097], 'EL': [590, 3330], 'Schwartz': [592], 'JB,': [593], 'Caffeine': [595, 686, 1263, 1593, 1629, 1864, 2152, 2230, 2356, 2528, 3172, 3207, 3361, 3485, 3540, 3777, 3984, 4042, 4142], 'disposition': [596, 707, 1865], 'obesity.': [598], 'British': [599, 796, 1336, 1542, 2193], '20,': [604, 1367], '61–': [605], '66.': [606], 'Agudelo': [607], 'GM,': [608], 'Velasquez': [609], 'CM,': [610, 1130, 2354, 4099], 'Cardona': [611], 'OL,': [612], 'Duque': [613], 'M,': [614, 1135, 1163, 1851, 2035, 2219, 2550, 3231, 3306, 3446, 3664, 3668], 'Posada': [615], 'M': [616, 2645, 3797, 4008], 'Pineda': [618], 'V,': [619], '2008.': [620, 1738, 2176, 2328, 2412, 2527, 3256, 3629, 3902], 'Changes': [621], 'blood': [623, 782, 1033, 1068, 1382, 1398, 2011, 3036, 3177, 3209, 3463, 3596, 3637, 3720], 'pressure': [624, 783, 1950, 2012, 3037, 3178, 3210, 3597], 'group': [627, 3575], 'normotensevolunteers': [629], 'after': [630, 712, 1866, 2661], 'or': [632, 865, 1475, 3546], 'different': [633], 'filtered': [636], 'coffee.': [637, 1172], 'Revista': [638], 'Colombiana': [639], 'de': [640, 886, 889, 926, 929, 933, 936, 939, 941, 957, 964, 966], 'Cardiología,': [641], '15,': [642, 801, 1159, 2673, 3127], '289–': [643], '296.': [644], 'Ahmed': [645], 'HN,': [646], 'Levitan': [647], 'EB,': [648, 4002], 'Wolk': [649], 'A': [650, 792, 1376, 1420, 1567, 2043, 2114, 3356, 3478, 3734, 3772, 3828, 3929], 'Mittleman': [652], 'MA,': [653, 1700], '2009.': [654, 981, 1065, 1756, 2263, 2711, 2747], 'Coffee': [655, 1810, 2712, 3412, 4073, 4108], 'risk': [658, 837, 988, 1719, 1813, 2157, 2183, 2386, 2457, 2566, 3243, 3415, 3542, 3876, 4076, 4118], 'heart': [660, 1035, 1952, 3878, 3909, 4079], 'failure': [661], 'men:': [663], 'an': [664], 'analysis': [665], 'Cohort': [668], 'Swedish': [670], 'Men.': [671], 'American': [672, 852, 1403, 1445, 1607, 1726, 2277, 2364, 2393, 3076, 3151, 3184, 3247, 3430, 3555, 3654, 3722, 3887, 3919, 4056, 4173], 'Heart': [673, 4123], 'Journal,': [674, 1544, 1937, 2087, 2195], '158,': [675], '667–': [676], '672.': [677], 'Aldridge': [678, 698], 'A,': [679, 699, 1416, 1454, 1460, 1489, 1555, 1652, 1692, 2041, 2069, 2375, 2554, 3022, 3359, 3399, 3621, 3767], 'Aranda': [680, 997], 'JV': [681], 'Neims': [683, 703], 'AH,': [684, 704], '1979.': [685, 1006], 'metabolism': [687, 1668, 3241], 'newborn.': [690], 'Pharmacology': [692, 1870, 2694], 'Therapeutics,': [694, 1872, 2696], '25,': [695, 3996], '447–': [696], '453.': [697], 'Bailey': [700], 'J': [701, 723, 1321, 1830, 2225, 2323], '1981.': [705, 3067], 'during': [710, 1144, 1239, 2180, 2533, 2659, 2886, 2914, 3101, 3986], 'pregnancy.': [713], 'Seminars': [714], 'Perinatology,': [716], '5,': [717, 3785], '310–': [718, 3727], '314.': [719], 'Alford': [720, 1551], 'C,': [721, 1520, 2141, 2317, 3066, 3227], 'Hamilton-Morris': [722], 'Verster': [725, 1549], 'JC,': [726, 1124, 1550, 1891, 3965], '2012.': [727, 1295, 1775, 1795, 2113, 2430, 3411, 3447, 3516], 'energy': [731, 2973, 3288, 3453, 3839], 'drink': [732, 3289, 3454, 3840], 'combination': [734, 1470], 'performance': [738, 2273, 2532, 2885, 2897], 'subjective': [740, 1565, 4145], 'awareness.': [741], 'Psychopharmacology,': [742, 1312, 3323, 3784], '222,': [743], '519–': [744], '532.': [745], 'Alsene': [746], 'K,': [747, 1261, 1973, 2321, 3474, 3584, 3791, 4033], 'Deckert': [748, 2318], 'J,': [749, 1525, 1808, 2093, 2150, 2202, 2319, 2521, 3476, 3869, 3951, 3977], 'Sand': [750], 'P': [751, 4068, 4162, 4183], 'De': [753, 2292, 2325, 2482, 3276, 3282], 'Wit': [754, 2293, 2326], 'H,': [755, 1418, 1498, 2145, 2294, 2327, 2380, 3059, 3410, 3589, 4071], '2003.': [756], 'Association': [757, 2329, 3517], 'A(2a)': [759], 'receptor': [760, 2269], 'gene': [761], 'polymorphisms': [762, 2334], 'caffeine-induced': [764, 2336], 'anxiety.': [765, 2337], 'Neuropsychopharmacology,': [766, 2338], '1694–': [768], '1702.': [769], 'Ammon': [770, 804], 'HP,': [771, 805], 'Bieck': [772], 'PR,': [773, 2101], 'Mandalaz': [774], 'D': [775, 2707, 3063, 3380], 'Verspohl': [777], 'EJ,': [778], '1983.': [779, 1834, 2627], 'Adaptation': [780], 'continuous': [785], 'heavy': [786, 2599], 'coffee': [787, 832, 1175, 1380, 1429, 1503, 2051, 2079, 2504, 2563, 2600, 3033, 3519, 3593, 3709, 3904], 'drinking': [788, 3520], 'young': [790, 3844], 'volunteers.': [791], 'double-blind': [793], 'crossover': [794, 3649], 'study.': [795, 2192, 3429, 3849], '701–': [802], '706.': [803], '1991.': [806, 1396, 1653], 'Biochemical': [807], 'mechanism': [808, 3366], 'tolerance.': [811], 'Archiv': [812], 'der': [813, 2489], 'Pharmazie': [814], '(Weinheim),': [815], '324,': [816], '261–': [817], '267.': [818], 'Andersen': [819], 'LF,': [820], 'Jacobs': [821], 'Jr,': [823], 'Carlsen': [824], 'MH': [825], 'Blomhoff': [827], 'R,': [828, 1194, 1412, 1853, 2526, 2588, 3020, 3515, 3662, 3789, 3862, 3864], '2006.': [829, 862, 1499, 1809, 1948, 2295, 2381, 3285, 4041], 'Consumption': [830, 2819, 2847], 'associated': [834, 2603, 3714], 'reduced': [836], 'death': [839, 1723], 'attributed': [840], 'inflammatory': [842], 'cardiovascular': [844, 1237, 1817, 2507, 2568, 3906, 4016], 'diseases': [845], 'Iowa': [848], "Women's": [849], 'Health': [850, 902, 1776, 1936, 2731, 3553], 'Study.': [851, 1444, 2733, 3554], 'Nutrition,': [856, 1056, 1086, 1407, 1449, 1730, 2024, 2062, 2368, 2738, 3434, 3559, 3853, 3891], '83,': [857], '1039–': [858], '1046.': [859], 'Anderson': [860], 'TJ,': [861], 'Arterial': [863], 'stiffness': [864], 'endothelial': [866, 2053], 'dysfunction': [867], 'surrogate': [870], 'marker': [871], 'vascular': [873], 'risk.': [874], 'Canadian': [875, 2243], 'Cardiology,': [878, 2246, 3154, 3657, 3922], '22(Suppl.': [879], 'B),': [880], '72–': [881], '80.': [882], 'ANSES': [883, 923], '(Agence': [884, 924], 'nationale': [885, 925, 935], 'sécurité': [887, 927, 937], 'sanitaire': [888, 928, 938], "l'alimentation),": [890, 930], '2013.': [891, 1262, 1712, 1911, 2151, 3116, 3384], 'French': [895], 'Agency': [896], 'Food,': [898], 'Environmental': [899, 3764], 'Occupational': [901], '&': [903, 1573, 2669], 'Safety': [904, 2745, 2794, 2832], 'assessment': [907, 1777, 1989], 'risks': [909, 1436, 3756], 'concerning': [910], 'drinks”.': [916], 'Request': [918], '2012-SA-0212,': [920], '108': [921], 'pp.': [922, 1997, 2827, 2858, 3017], '2014.': [931, 1200, 1556, 1979, 2229, 2561, 3832], 'AVIS': [932], "l'Agence": [934], "l'alimentation,": [940], "l'environnement": [942], 'et': [943], 'du': [944], 'travail': [945], 'relatif': [946], 'aux': [947], 'risques': [948], 'liés': [949], 'à': [950, 962], 'la': [951], 'présence': [952], 'dans': [953], 'les': [954], 'compléments': [955], 'alimentaires': [956], 'p-synéphrine': [958], 'ou': [959], "d'ingrédients": [960], 'obtenus': [961], 'partir': [963], 'fruits': [965], 'Citrus': [967], 'spp.': [968], 'en': [969], 'contenant.': [970], 'Saisine': [971], '2012-SA-0200.': [973], 'Arab': [974], 'L,': [975, 1190, 1458, 1978, 2705, 3029, 3225, 3673], 'Liu': [976], 'W': [977], 'Elashoff': [979], 'D,': [980, 1645, 2139, 2228, 2343, 3383, 3732], 'Green': [982], 'black': [984], 'tea': [985], 'stroke:': [990, 4120], 'meta-analysis.': [992, 1571, 2664], 'Stroke,': [993], '40,': [994, 1341, 1965, 2546], '1786–': [995], '1792.': [996], 'JV,': [998], 'Collinge': [999], 'JM,': [1000, 2485, 2493, 3441], 'Zinman': [1001], 'R': [1002, 1443, 1462, 1805, 2623, 3407], 'Watters': [1004], 'G,': [1005, 1122, 1199, 1456, 1799, 2046, 3354, 3730, 3826, 4006], 'Maturation': [1007], 'elimination': [1010], 'infancy.': [1012], 'Archives': [1013], 'Disease': [1015], 'Childhood,': [1017], '54,': [1018], '946–': [1019], '949.': [1020], 'Arciero': [1021, 1060], 'PJ,': [1022, 1287, 1947], 'Gardner': [1023], 'AW,': [1024, 1887, 3959], 'Benowitz': [1025, 1590, 3235, 4034, 4158, 4185], 'NL': [1026, 4159], 'Poehlman': [1028], 'ET,': [1029], '1998.': [1030, 2474, 3237, 4107], 'Relationship': [1031, 1066], 'pressure,': [1034, 1069, 1399], 'rate': [1036, 1953], 'behavioral': [1038, 1070], 'mood': [1039, 1071], 'state': [1040], 'norepinephrine': [1042], 'kinetics': [1043], 'younger': [1045, 1080], 'older': [1047, 1082, 4114], 'men': [1048, 3712, 4112], 'following': [1049, 1076, 1955], 'ingestion.': [1051], '52,': [1057], '805–': [1058], '812.': [1059], 'PJ': [1061], 'Ormsbee': [1063], 'MJ,': [1064, 1319], 'state,': [1072], 'activity': [1075, 3681], 'ingestion': [1078, 1264, 2653, 3290], 'women.': [1083, 1725, 2363], 'Applied': [1084, 1364], 'Physiology,': [1085, 2285], 'Metabolism,': [1088, 1109, 1158, 1249, 3111], '34,': [1089], '754–': [1090], '762.': [1091], 'Armstrong': [1092, 1113], 'LE,': [1093, 1114], '2002.': [1094, 1628, 3334], 'Caffeine,': [1095, 1174, 1397], 'body': [1096, 2966, 2980], 'fluid-electrolyte': [1097], 'balance,': [1098], 'performance.': [1101], 'International': [1102, 1151, 1242, 3104], 'Sport': [1105, 1154, 1245, 3107], 'Exercise': [1108, 1157, 1248, 3110], '12,': [1110], '189–': [1111], '206.': [1112], 'Pumerantz': [1115], 'AC,': [1116, 2103], 'Roti': [1117], 'MW,': [1118], 'Judelson': [1119], 'DA,': [1120], 'Watson': [1121], 'Dias': [1123], 'Sokmen': [1125], 'B,': [1126, 3405, 3737], 'Casa': [1127], 'DJ,': [1128, 2617], 'Maresh': [1129], 'Lieberman': [1131], 'H': [1132, 3625], 'Kellogg': [1134], '2005.': [1136, 2649, 3539, 3590, 3801], 'Fluid,': [1137], 'electrolyte,': [1138], 'renal': [1140], 'indices': [1141, 3459], 'hydration': [1143], '11': [1145], 'days': [1146], 'controlled': [1148, 1540, 2018], 'consumption.': [1150], '252–': [1160], '265.': [1161], 'Arnaud': [1162], '1993.': [1164, 3030, 3928], 'Metabolism': [1165, 1674], 'components': [1170], 'In:': [1173], 'health.': [1177], 'Ed': [1178], 'S.': [1179], 'Garattini': [1180, 1861], 'Raven': [1181], 'Press,': [1182], 'New': [1183, 1739, 2636, 3526, 3567, 4020], 'York,': [1184], 'NY,': [1185], 'USA,': [1186], '43–': [1187], '95.': [1188], 'Aronsen': [1189], 'Orvoll': [1191], 'E,': [1192, 2315, 2593, 3378, 3824, 4004], 'Lysaa': [1193], 'Ravna': [1195], 'AW': [1196], 'Sager': [1198], 'Modulation': [1201], 'high': [1203], 'affinity': [1204], 'ATP-dependent': [1205], 'cyclic': [1206, 1213], 'nucleotide': [1207, 1214], 'transporters': [1208], 'specific': [1210], 'non-specific': [1212], 'phosphodiesterase': [1215], 'inhibitors.': [1216], '745,': [1221], '249–': [1222], '253.': [1223], 'Astorino': [1224, 1253], 'TA,': [1225, 1254], 'Rohmann': [1226], 'RL,': [1227], 'Firth': [1228], 'K': [1229, 4103], 'Kelly': [1231], 'S,': [1232, 1491, 1548, 1797, 1862, 1895, 1969, 2029, 2031, 2039, 2067, 2074, 3255, 3617, 3927, 3947, 3961, 3969], '2007.': [1233, 1526, 3674, 3870], 'Caffeine-induced': [1234], 'changes': [1235, 1301], 'function': [1238, 2054], 'resistance': [1240, 1267], 'training.': [1241], '17,': [1250, 1514, 1938], '468–': [1251], '477.': [1252], 'BJ,': [1256], 'Schachtsiek': [1257], 'L': [1258, 1975, 3535], 'Wong': [1260], 'training': [1268], 'minimize': [1269], 'postexercise': [1270], 'hypotension': [1271], 'normotensive': [1273], 'prehypertensive': [1275], 'men.': [1276, 4019], 'Research': [1277], 'Sports': [1279, 2543], 'Medicine,': [1280, 2640, 3046, 3530, 4024, 4086, 4176], '21,': [1281, 3112], '52–': [1282], '65.': [1283], 'Attwood': [1284], 'AS,': [1285, 3132, 3161, 3200], 'Rogers': [1286], 'Ataya': [1288], 'AF,': [1289, 2095], 'Adams': [1290], 'S': [1291, 2590, 3280, 3866], 'Munafo': [1293], 'MR,': [1294, 2037], 'Effects': [1296, 1347, 1557, 2650, 3286], 'alcohol-related': [1300], 'behavioural': [1303], 'control': [1304, 3314], 'perceived': [1306, 2657, 2912], 'intoxication': [1307], 'light': [1309], 'consumers.': [1311], '221,': [1313], '551–': [1314], '560.': [1315], 'Azcona': [1316], 'O,': [1317, 3609], 'Barbanoj': [1318], 'Torrent': [1320], 'Jane': [1323], 'F,': [1324, 1641, 1855, 4064], '1995.': [1325, 1466, 4072, 4141], 'Evaluation': [1326, 2801], 'central': [1329], 'interaction.': [1335], '393–': [1342], '400.': [1343], 'Baer': [1344], 'RA,': [1345, 2619, 3229], '1987.': [1346], 'classroom': [1351], 'behavior,': [1352], 'sustained': [1353], 'attention,': [1354], 'memory': [1357], 'task': [1358], 'preschool': [1360], 'children.': [1361, 1603], 'Behavior': [1365], 'Analysis,': [1366], '225–': [1368], '234.': [1369], 'Bak': [1370, 1391], 'AA': [1371, 1392], 'Grobbee': [1373, 1394, 2494, 3999], 'DE,': [1374, 1395, 2495, 4000], '1990.': [1375, 4012], 'randomized': [1377, 2017, 3847], 'study': [1378, 2117], 'pressure.': [1383, 3464, 3721], 'Human': [1386, 1740], 'Hypertension,': [1387, 3187, 3725], '4,': [1388, 3939], '259–': [1389], '264.': [1390], 'serum': [1401], 'lipids.': [1402], '53,': [1408, 3854], '971–': [1409], '975.': [1410, 2137], 'Bakker': [1411], 'Steegers': [1413], 'EA,': [1414], 'Obradov': [1415], 'Raat': [1417], 'Hofman': [1419], 'Jaddoe': [1422], 'VW,': [1423], '2010.': [1424, 2047, 2355, 2501, 2594, 3206, 3983], 'Maternal': [1425, 1933, 2177], 'intake': [1427, 1531, 1717, 1928, 2179, 2231, 3387, 3594, 3710, 3873, 3985], 'tea,': [1431], 'fetal': [1432, 1930, 2185], 'growth,': [1433], 'birth': [1439, 1533], 'outcomes:': [1440], 'Generation': [1442], '91,': [1450], '1691–': [1451], '1698.': [1452], 'Balogh': [1453], 'Klinger': [1455], 'Henschel': [1457], 'Borner': [1459], 'Vollanth': [1461], 'Kuhnz': [1464], 'W,': [1465, 3623, 4011], 'Influence': [1467], 'ethinylestradiol-containing': [1469], 'contraceptives': [1472], 'gestodene': [1474], 'levonorgestrel': [1476], 'elimination.': [1479], '48,': [1485], '161–': [1486], '166.': [1487], 'Baylin': [1488, 1691], 'Hernandez-Diaz': [1490], 'Kabagambe': [1492, 2376], 'EK,': [1493], 'Siles': [1494], 'X': [1495], 'Campos': [1497, 2379], 'Transient': [1500], 'exposure': [1501], 'trigger': [1506], 'first': [1509, 1664], 'nonfatal': [1510], 'myocardial': [1511, 2388, 2459, 3636, 3933], 'infarction.': [1512, 2389, 2460], 'Epidemiology,': [1513, 3250, 3938, 3995, 4059, 4128], '506–': [1515], '511.': [1516], 'Bech': [1517], 'BH,': [1518, 3163], 'Obel': [1519], 'Henriksen': [1521], 'TB': [1522], 'Olsen': [1524], 'Effect': [1527, 3031, 3591], 'reducing': [1529], 'weight': [1534, 1781, 2981], 'length': [1536], 'gestation:': [1538], 'randomised': [1539], 'trial.': [1541, 2019, 3650], 'Medical': [1543, 2194, 2394], '334,': [1545], '409.': [1546], 'Benson': [1547], 'C': [1552, 1649], 'Scholey': [1554], 'mixing': [1559], 'caffeinated': [1562], 'intoxication:': [1566], 'systematic': [1568, 2162, 2571], 'Neuroscience': [1572], 'Biobehavioral': [1574], 'Reviews,': [1575, 3501], '47C,': [1576], '16–': [1577], '21.': [1578], 'Bernstein': [1579, 1617], 'GA,': [1580, 1618], 'Carroll': [1581, 1619], 'ME,': [1582, 1620, 1627, 2680, 3775], 'Crosby': [1583], 'RD,': [1584, 4106], 'Perwien': [1585], 'AR,': [1586], 'Go': [1587], 'FS': [1588], 'NL,': [1591, 3236, 4035, 4186], '1994.': [1592], 'learning,': [1596], 'performance,': [1597], 'anxiety': [1599], 'school-age': [1602], 'Academy': [1608], 'Child': [1610, 1935], 'Adolescent': [1612], 'Psychiatry,': [1613, 3079], '33,': [1614, 2339], '407–': [1615], '415.': [1616], 'Thuras': [1621], 'PD,': [1622], 'Cosgrove': [1623], 'KP': [1624], 'Roth': [1626], 'dependence': [1630, 3778], 'teenagers.': [1632], 'Drug': [1633, 1673], 'Alcohol': [1635], 'Dependence,': [1636], '66,': [1637, 2613], '1–': [1638, 2789, 3855], '6.': [1639], 'Berthou': [1640], 'Flinois': [1642], 'JP,': [1643], 'Ratanasavanh': [1644], 'Beaune': [1646], 'P,': [1647, 1803, 3538, 3613, 3619, 3795], 'Riche': [1648], 'Guillouzo': [1651], 'Evidence': [1654], 'involvement': [1657], 'several': [1659], 'cytochromes': [1660], 'P-450': [1661, 4049], 'steps': [1665], 'human': [1670, 2634], 'liver': [1671], 'microsomes.': [1672], 'Disposition:': [1676], 'Biological': [1678], 'Fate': [1679], 'Chemicals,': [1681], '19,': [1682, 3221], '561–': [1683], '567.': [1684], 'Bertoia': [1685], 'ML,': [1686, 1696, 1999, 3284], 'Triche': [1687, 4030], 'EW,': [1688, 4031], 'Michaud': [1689], 'DS,': [1690, 4101], 'Hogan': [1693], 'JW,': [1694, 2500, 2710], 'Neuhouser': [1695], 'Freiberg': [1697], 'MS,': [1698, 1883, 3057, 3955], 'Allison': [1699], 'Safford': [1701], 'MM,': [1702, 3403], 'Li': [1703], 'WJ,': [1704], 'Mossavar-Rahmani': [1705], 'Y,': [1706, 3508], 'Rosal': [1707], 'MC': [1708], 'Eaton': [1710], 'CB,': [1711], 'Long-term': [1713, 2562], 'sudden': [1721], 'cardiac': [1722], '97,': [1731], '1356–': [1732], '1363.': [1733], 'BfR': [1734, 1748, 1752, 1771, 1788], '(Bundesinstitut': [1735, 1753, 1772], 'für': [1736, 1754, 1773], 'Risikobewertung),': [1737, 1755, 1774], 'Data': [1741], 'Assessment': [1744], 'Energy': [1746, 1764], 'Drinks.': [1747], 'Information': [1749], 'No': [1750, 1790, 2264, 2926, 3009], '016/2008.': [1751], 'Gesundheitliche': [1757], 'Risiken': [1758], 'durch': [1759], 'den': [1760], 'übermäßigen': [1761], 'Verzehr': [1762], 'von': [1763], 'Shots.': [1765], 'Stellungnahme': [1766], 'Nr': [1767], '001/2010': [1768], 'des': [1769], 'BfR.': [1770], 'sports': [1779], 'loss': [1782], 'products': [1783, 2408, 2426], 'containing': [1784, 3119], 'synephrine': [1785, 3120], 'caffeine.': [1787, 1991, 2416, 3267, 3582], '004/2013,': [1791], '16': [1793], 'November': [1794], 'Bidel': [1796], 'Hu': [1798, 2220, 2559], 'Qiao': [1800], 'Q,': [1801], 'Jousilahti': [1802], 'Antikainen': [1804], 'Tuomilehto': [1807], 'total': [1815, 3522], 'mortality': [1818, 3880], 'among': [1819], 'patients': [1820, 3039], 'type': [1822], 'diabetes.': [1824], 'Diabetologia,': [1825], '49,': [1826], '2618–': [1827], '2626.': [1828], 'Blanchard': [1829], 'Sawers': [1832], 'SJ,': [1833], 'absolute': [1836], 'bioavailability': [1837], 'man.': [1841, 2692], '24,': [1847, 3726], '93–': [1848], '98.': [1849], 'Bonati': [1850], 'Latini': [1852], 'Galletti': [1854], 'Young': [1856], 'JF,': [1857, 3793], 'Tognoni': [1858], 'G': [1859, 2109, 3898], '1982.': [1863], 'doses.': [1868], '32,': [1873], '98–': [1874], '106.': [1875], 'Boylan': [1876, 3946], 'SM,': [1877, 2349], 'Greenwood': [1878, 3942], 'DC,': [1879, 3943], 'Alwan': [1880, 3944], 'N,': [1881, 1893, 1899, 2586, 3945, 3967, 3971, 3973], 'Cooke': [1882, 3954], 'Dolby': [1884, 3956], 'VA,': [1885, 3957], 'Hay': [1886, 3958], 'Kirk': [1888, 3962], 'SF,': [1889, 2626, 3963], 'Konje': [1890, 3964], 'Potdar': [1892, 3966], 'Shires': [1894, 3968], 'Simpson': [1896, 3970], 'NA,': [1897], 'Taub': [1898, 3972], 'Thomas': [1900, 3974], 'JD,': [1901, 3975, 4095], 'Walker': [1902, 3976], 'JJ,': [1903], 'White': [1904, 3978], 'KL,': [1905, 4133], 'Wild': [1906, 3981], 'CP': [1907], 'Cade': [1909, 3948], 'JE,': [1910, 2001, 3949], 'Does': [1912, 3335], 'nausea': [1913], 'vomiting': [1915], 'pregnancy': [1917, 2181], 'play': [1918], 'role': [1920, 2125], 'association': [1923, 2116], 'found': [1924], 'maternal': [1926], 'growth': [1931, 2186, 4054], 'restriction?': [1932], '601–': [1939], '608.': [1940], 'Bui': [1941], 'LT,': [1942], 'Nguyen': [1943, 3618], 'DT': [1944], 'Ambrose': [1946], 'Blood': [1949], 'dose': [1958, 2236, 3097], 'bitter': [1960], 'orange.': [1961], 'Annals': [1962, 3465], 'Pharmacotherapy,': [1964, 3467], '53–': [1966], '57.': [1967], 'Bull': [1968, 3842], 'Brown': [1970], 'T,': [1971, 3024, 3401, 3611], 'Burnett': [1972], 'Ashdown': [1974], 'Rushton': [1977], 'Extensive': [1980], 'literature': [1981], 'search': [1982], 'supporting': [1993], 'publication': [1994], '2014:EN-561,': [1995], '98': [1996], 'Burr': [1998], 'Gallacher': [2000], 'Butland': [2002], 'BK,': [2003], 'Bolton': [2004], 'CH': [2005], 'Downs': [2007], 'LG,': [2008], '1989.': [2009], 'Coffee,': [2010, 2382, 4013], 'plasma': [2014], 'lipids:': [2015], '43,': [2025], '477–': [2026], '483.': [2027], 'Buscemi': [2028, 2066], 'Verga': [2030, 2073], 'Batsis': [2032], 'JA,': [2033, 3800, 3858, 3896], 'Donatelli': [2034], 'Tranchina': [2036, 2070], 'Belmonte': [2038], 'Mattina': [2040, 2068], 'Re': [2042], 'Cerasola': [2045], 'Acute': [2048, 2076, 3068], 'subjects.': [2057, 2085], '64,': [2063], '483–': [2064], '489.': [2065], 'MR': [2071, 3086], '2011.': [2075, 2450, 3090, 3707], 'QT': [2081], 'interval': [2082], '10,': [2088], '15.': [2089], 'Byrne': [2090], 'EM,': [2091], 'Johnson': [2092, 3065], 'McRae': [2094], 'Nyholt': [2096], 'Medland': [2098], 'SE,': [2099, 2345, 3275], 'Gehrman': [2100], 'Heath': [2102], 'Madden': [2104], 'PAF,': [2105], 'Montgomery': [2106], 'GW,': [2107, 4093], 'Chenevix-Trench': [2108], 'NG,': [2112], 'genome-wide': [2115], 'caffeine-related': [2119], 'sleep': [2120], 'disturbance:': [2121], 'confirmation': [2122], 'common': [2128], 'variant': [2129], 'adenosine': [2132, 2268], 'receptor.': [2133], 'Sleep,': [2134], '35,': [2135], '967–': [2136], 'Caldeira': [2138], 'Martins': [2140], 'Alves': [2142], 'LB,': [2143], 'Pereira': [2144], 'Ferreira': [2146, 3274], 'JJ': [2147], 'Costa': [2149], 'increase': [2155, 2882, 2894, 2901], 'atrial': [2159, 2233, 2360, 3544], 'fibrillation:': [2160], 'meta-analysis': [2165, 2238, 2576, 3930], 'observational': [2167, 2191], 'studies.': [2168, 2242, 2580], 'Heart,': [2169], '99,': [2170], '1383–': [2171], '1389.': [2172], 'CARE': [2173], 'Study': [2174], 'Group,': [2175], 'restriction:': [2187], 'large': [2189, 3095], 'prospective': [2190, 2240, 2578, 3885], '337,': [2196], 'a2332.': [2197], 'Carrillo': [2198], 'JA': [2199], 'Benitez': [2201], '2000.': [2203, 3569], 'Clinically': [2204], 'significant': [2205], 'pharmacokinetic': [2206, 3741], 'medications.': [2212], 'Pharmacokinetics,': [2214], '39,': [2215], '127–': [2216], '153.': [2217], 'Cheng': [2218], 'Z,': [2221], 'Lu': [2222], 'X,': [2223], 'Huang': [2224], 'Gu': [2227], 'fibrillation': [2234, 2361, 3545], 'incidence:': [2235], 'response': [2237], 'cohort': [2241, 2579], '30,': [2247, 2516, 3299], '448–': [2248], '454.': [2249], 'Cheuvront': [2250, 3088], 'SN,': [2251, 2552, 3089], 'Ely': [2252, 3083, 3085], 'BR,': [2253, 3084], 'Kenefick': [2254], 'RW,': [2255], 'Michniak-Kohn': [2256], 'BB,': [2257, 3472], 'Rood': [2258], 'JC': [2259], 'Sawka': [2261], 'MN,': [2262], 'effect': [2265, 3806], 'nutritional': [2267], 'antagonists': [2270], 'heat.': [2276, 2538], 'Physiology': [2280], 'Regulatory': [2281], 'Integrative': [2282], 'Comparative': [2284, 2682], '296,': [2286], 'R394–': [2287], '401.': [2288], 'Childs': [2289, 2314], 'E': [2290, 2523, 3670], 'Subjective,': [2296], 'behavioral,': [2297], 'physiological': [2299], 'light,': [2305], 'nondependent': [2306], 'users.': [2308], 'Psychopharmacology': [2309], '(Berl),': [2310], '185,': [2311], '514–': [2312], '523.': [2313], 'Hohoff': [2316], 'Xu': [2320], 'Badner': [2322], 'ADORA2A': [2331], 'DRD2': [2333], '2791–': [2340], '2800.': [2341], 'Conen': [2342], 'Chiuve': [2344], 'Everett': [2346], 'BM,': [2347], 'Zhang': [2348], 'Buring': [2350], 'JE': [2351], 'Albert': [2353], 'incident': [2359], '92,': [2369], '509–': [2370], '514.': [2371], 'Cornelis': [2372], 'MC,': [2373], 'El-Sohemy': [2374], 'EK': [2377], 'CYP1A2': [2383, 2597, 3677], 'genotype,': [2384], 'Association,': [2395], '295,': [2396], '1135–': [2397], '1141.': [2398], 'COT': [2399, 2417, 2431], '(Committee': [2400, 2418], 'toxicity': [2402, 2420], 'chemicals': [2404, 2422], 'food,': [2406, 2424], 'consumer': [2407, 2425], 'environment),': [2411, 2429], 'Reproductive': [2413], 'statement': [2432], 'interaction': [2435], 'their': [2441], 'combined': [2442], 'behaviour.': [2447], 'DaCosta': [2448], 'LA,': [2449], 'Genetic': [2451], 'modifiers': [2452], 'PhD': [2461], 'Thesis,': [2462], 'University': [2463], 'Toronto,': [2465, 2466], 'ON,': [2467], 'Canada.': [2468], 'Davis': [2469], 'RE': [2470], 'Osorio': [2472], 'I,': [2473], 'Childhood': [2475], 'tic': [2477], 'syndrome.': [2478], 'Pediatrics,': [2479], '101,': [2480], 'E4.': [2481], 'Koning': [2483], 'Gans': [2484], 'Uiterwaal': [2486], 'CS,': [2487], 'Van': [2488, 2555], 'Schouw': [2490], 'YT,': [2491], 'Boer': [2492], 'Verschuren': [2496], 'WM': [2497], 'Beulens': [2499], 'Tea': [2502], 'morbidity': [2508], 'mortality.': [2510, 3525], 'Arteriosclerosis,': [2511], 'Thrombosis,': [2512], 'Vascular': [2514], 'Biology,': [2515], '1665–': [2517], '1671.': [2518], 'Del': [2519], 'Coso': [2520], 'Estevez': [2522], 'Mora-Rodriguez': [2525], 'short-term': [2531, 2887], 'prolonged': [2534], 'Medicine': [2539, 2668], 'Science': [2541, 2670], 'Exercise,': [2545], '744–': [2547], '751.': [2548], 'Ding': [2549], 'Bhupathiraju': [2551], 'Satija': [2553], 'Dam': [2556], 'RM': [2557], 'FB,': [2560], 'disease:': [2569], 'dose–response': [2575], 'Circulation,': [2581], '129,': [2582], '643–': [2583], '659.': [2584], 'Djordjevic': [2585], 'Ghotbi': [2587, 3661], 'Jankovic': [2589], 'Aklillu': [2592, 3669], 'Induction': [2595], 'CYP1A2-163C>A': [2606], 'polymorphism.': [2607], '697–': [2614], '703.': [2615], 'Dobmeyer': [2616], 'Stine': [2618], 'Leier': [2620], 'CV,': [2621], 'Greenberg': [2622, 3857, 3895], 'Schaal': [2625], 'arrhythmogenic': [2629], 'beings.': [2635], 'England': [2637, 3527, 4021], '308,': [2641], '814–': [2642], '816.': [2643], 'Doherty': [2644], 'Smith': [2647], 'PM,': [2648], 'rating': [2655], 'exertion': [2658], 'exercise:': [2662], 'Scandinavian': [2665], 'Sports,': [2672], '69–': [2674], '78.': [2675], 'Dorfman': [2676], 'LJ': [2677], 'Jarvik': [2679], '1970.': [2681], 'stimulant': [2683], 'diuretic': [2685], 'actions': [2686], 'theobromine': [2690], '11,': [2697], '869–': [2698], '872.': [2699, 3376], 'Driessen': [2700], 'MT,': [2701, 3278, 3328], 'Koppes': [2702], 'LL,': [2703], 'Veldhuis': [2704], 'Samoocha': [2706], 'Twisk': [2709], 'related': [2716, 2878, 2954], 'metabolic': [2719, 4189], 'syndrome': [2720], 'age': [2723], '36': [2725], 'years:': [2726], 'Amsterdam': [2728], 'Growth': [2729], 'Longitudinal': [2732], '63,': [2739, 3350, 3695], '536–': [2740], '542.': [2741], '(European': [2743, 2792, 2830], 'Food': [2744, 2754, 2761, 2793, 2818, 2831, 2846, 3117, 3393], 'Authority),': [2746, 2795, 2833], 'Additives': [2755], 'Nutrient': [2757], 'Sources': [2758], 'added': [2759], '(ANS)': [2762], 'D-glucurono-γ-lactone': [2776], '“energy”': [2782], 'drinks.': [2783], '2009,': [2787], '935,': [2788], '31.': [2790], '2011a.': [2796, 2869], 'report': [2798], 'FoodEx,': [2804], 'food': [2806, 3808], 'classification': [2807], 'system': [2808], 'applied': [2809], 'development': [2812], 'Comprehensive': [2816, 2844], 'Database.': [2820], '2011;': [2823, 2854, 2930, 3013], '9(3):': [2824, 2855], '1970,': [2825], 'doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.1970.': [2828], '2011b.': [2834, 2945], 'Guidance': [2835], 'Database': [2848], 'Intakes': [2850], 'Assessment.': [2851], '2097,': [2856], '34': [2857], 'doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2097.': [2859], 'substantiation': [2874, 2950], 'claims': [2877, 2953], 'high-intensity': [2888], '(ID': [2890, 2898, 2905, 2916, 2969, 2982, 2986, 2997], '737,': [2891, 2899], '1486,': [2892], '1489),': [2893], 'endurance': [2896, 2903], '1486),': [2900], 'capacity': [2904], '1488)': [2906], 'reduction': [2908, 2964, 2978], 'rated': [2911], 'exertion/effort': [2913], '1488,': [2917], '1490)': [2918], 'pursuant': [2919, 3002], 'Article': [2921, 3004], '13(1)': [2922, 3005], 'Regulation': [2924, 3007], '(EC)': [2925, 3008], '1924/2006.': [2927, 3010], '9(4):': [2931, 3014], '2053,': [2932], '24': [2933], 'pp,': [2934], 'doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2053.': [2935], 'increased': [2958, 2972, 2984, 2995], 'fat': [2959, 2967], 'oxidation': [2960], 'leading': [2961, 2975], 'mass': [2968], '735,': [2970], '1484),': [2971], 'expenditure': [2974], '1487),': [2983], 'alertness': [2985], '736,': [2987, 2998], '1101,': [2988], '1187,': [2989], '1485,': [2990, 2999], '1491,': [2991, 3000], '2063,': [2992], '2103)': [2993], 'attention': [2996], '2375)': [3001], '2054,': [3015], '29': [3016], 'doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2054.': [3018], 'Eggertsen': [3019], 'Andreasson': [3021], 'Hedner': [3023], 'Karlberg': [3025], 'BE': [3026], 'Hansson': [3028], 'ambulatory': [3035, 3182, 3462], 'treated': [3041], 'hypertension.': [3042], 'Internal': [3045, 4085], '233,': [3047], '351–': [3048], '355.': [3049], 'Elkins': [3050], 'RN,': [3051], 'Rapoport': [3052], 'JL,': [3053], 'Zahn': [3054], 'TP,': [3055], 'Buchsbaum': [3056], 'Weingartner': [3058], 'Kopin': [3060], 'IJ,': [3061], 'Langer': [3062], 'prepubertal': [3074], 'boys.': [3075], '138,': [3080], '178–': [3081], '183.': [3082], 'Marginal': [3091], 'heat': [3099], 'balance': [3100], 'exercise-heat': [3102], 'stress.': [3103], '65–': [3113], '70.': [3114], 'Evira,': [3115], 'supplements': [3118, 4170], 'withdrawn': [3123], 'sale.': [3125], '06.09.2013,': [3126], '22.': [3128], 'Farag': [3129, 3158, 3191], 'NH,': [3130, 3159, 3192], 'Vincent': [3131, 3160, 3199], 'McKey': [3133, 3195], 'BS,': [3134, 3196], 'Whitsett': [3135, 3164, 3193], 'TL': [3136], 'Lovallo': [3138, 3169, 3204], 'WR,': [3139, 3170, 3205], '2005a.': [3140, 4164], 'Hemodynamic': [3141, 4165], 'mechanisms': [3142, 3261], 'underlying': [3143], 'incomplete': [3145], 'tolerance': [3146, 3173], "caffeine's": [3148], 'pressor': [3149], 'effects.': [3150], '95,': [3155, 3435], '1389–': [3156], '1392.': [3157], 'Sung': [3162], 'TL,': [3165, 3194], 'Wilson': [3166, 3197, 3230], 'MF': [3167], '2005b.': [3171, 4187], 'incomplete:': [3175], 'Persistent': [3176], 'responses': [3179, 3836], 'setting.': [3183], '18,': [3188], '714–': [3189], '719.': [3190], 'MF,': [3198], 'Everson-Rose': [3201], 'SA': [3202], 'response:': [3211], 'sex,': [3212], 'age,': [3213], 'hormonal': [3215], 'status.': [3216], 'Womens': [3219], 'Health,': [3220, 3765], '1171–': [3222], '1176.': [3223], 'Fenster': [3224], 'Quale': [3226], 'Hiatt': [3228], 'Windham': [3232], 'GC': [3233], 'Rate': [3238], 'spontaneous': [3245], 'abortion.': [3246], '147,': [3251], '503–': [3252], '510.': [3253], 'Ferre': [3254], 'An': [3257, 3308], 'update': [3258], 'psychostimulant': [3264], 'Neurochemistry,': [3270], '105,': [3271], '1067–': [3272], '1079.': [3273], 'Mello': [3277], 'Pompeia': [3279], 'Souza-Formigoni': [3283], 'intoxication.': [3293], 'Alcoholism,': [3294], 'Experimental': [3297, 3320, 3781, 4149], 'Research,': [3298, 3604, 3819], '598–': [3300], '605.': [3301], 'Fillmore': [3302, 3327], 'MT': [3303], 'Vogel-Sprott': [3305], '1999.': [3307, 3482], 'model': [3310], 'impaired': [3312], 'inhibitory': [3313], 'its': [3316], 'treatment': [3317], 'humans.': [3319, 4172], '7,': [3324], '49–': [3325], '55.': [3326], 'Roach': [3329], 'Rice': [3332], 'JT,': [3333], 'counteract': [3337], 'alcohol-induced': [3338], 'impairment?': [3339], 'ironic': [3341], 'expectancy.': [3344], 'Studies': [3347], 'Alcohol,': [3349], '745–': [3351], '754.': [3352], 'Fisone': [3353], 'Borgkvist': [3355], 'Usiello': [3358], '2004.': [3360, 3738], 'psychomotor': [3364], 'stimulant:': [3365], 'action.': [3368], 'Cellular': [3369], 'Molecular': [3371], 'Life': [3372], 'Sciences,': [3373], '61,': [3374], '857–': [3375], 'Fitt': [3377], 'Pell': [3379], 'Cole': [3382], 'Assessing': [3385], 'United': [3390], 'Kingdom': [3391], 'diet.': [3392], 'Chemistry,': [3394], '140,': [3395], '421–': [3396], '426.': [3397], 'Floegel': [3398], 'Pischon': [3400], 'Bergmann': [3402], 'Teucher': [3404], 'Kaaks': [3406], 'Boeing': [3409], 'disease': [3418, 3879, 3911, 4017], 'Prospective': [3422], 'Investigation': [3423], 'into': [3424], 'Cancer': [3425], '(EPIC)-Germany': [3428], '901–': [3436], '908.': [3437], 'Franks': [3438], 'AM,': [3439], 'Schmidt': [3440], 'McCain': [3442], 'KR': [3443], 'Fraer': [3445], 'Comparison': [3448], 'versus': [3455], 'supplementation': [3457], '24-hour': [3461], '46,': [3468], '192–': [3469], '199.': [3470], 'Fredholm': [3471], 'Bättig': [3473], 'Holmén': [3475], 'Nehlig': [3477], 'Zvartau': [3480], 'EE,': [3481], 'Actions': [3483], 'Brain': [3488], 'Special': [3490], 'Reference': [3491], 'Factors': [3493], 'That': [3494], 'Contribute': [3495], 'Its': [3497], 'Widespread': [3498], 'Use.': [3499], 'Pharmacological': [3500], '51,': [3502, 3658, 4129], '83–': [3503], '133.': [3504], 'Freedman': [3505], 'ND,': [3506], 'Park': [3507], 'Abnet': [3509], 'CC,': [3510, 3860], 'Hollenbeck': [3511], 'AR': [3512], 'Sinha': [3514], 'cause-specific': [3524], '366,': [3531], '1891–': [3532], '1904.': [3533], 'Frost': [3534], 'Vestergaard': [3537], 'flutter:': [3547], 'Danish': [3549], 'Diet,': [3550], 'Cancer,': [3551], '81,': [3560], '578–': [3561], '582.': [3562], 'FSANZ': [3563], '(Food': [3564], 'Standards': [3565], 'Australia': [3566], 'Zealand),': [3568], 'Report': [3570], 'expert': [3573], 'working': [3574], 'aspects': [3579], 'Funatsu': [3583], 'Yamashita': [3585], 'T': [3586], 'Nakamura': [3588], 'male': [3599], 'drinkers.': [3602], 'Hypertension': [3603], '521–': [3606], '527.': [3607], 'Gaemperli': [3608], 'Schepis': [3610], 'Koepfli': [3612], 'Siegrist': [3614], 'PT,': [3615], 'Fleischman': [3616], 'Olmsted': [3620], 'Wang': [3622], 'Lieu': [3624], 'Kaufmann': [3627], 'PA,': [3628], 'Interaction': [3630], 'regadenoson-induced': [3634], 'hyperemic': [3635], 'flow': [3638], 'measured': [3640], 'positron': [3642], 'emission': [3643], 'tomography:': [3644], 'randomized,': [3646], 'double-blind,': [3647], 'placebo-controlled': [3648], 'College': [3655], '328–': [3659], '329.': [3660, 3770], 'Christensen': [3663], 'Roh': [3665], 'HK,': [3666], 'Ingelman-Sundberg': [3667], 'Bertilsson': [3672], 'Comparisons': [3675], 'genetic': [3678], 'polymorphisms,': [3679], 'enzyme': [3680], 'genotype–phenotype': [3684], 'relationship': [3685], 'Swedes': [3687], 'Koreans.': [3689], '537–': [3696], '546.': [3697], 'Giggey': [3698], 'PP,': [3699], 'Wendell': [3700], 'CR,': [3701], 'Zonderman': [3702], 'AB': [3703], 'Waldstein': [3705], 'SR,': [3706], 'Greater': [3708], 'steeper': [3716], 'age-related': [3717], 'increases': [3718], '315.': [3728], 'Ginsberg': [3729], 'Hattis': [3731], 'Russ': [3733], 'Sonawane': [3736], 'Physiologically': [3739], 'based': [3740], '(PBPK)': [3742], 'modeling': [3743], 'theophylline': [3747], 'neonates': [3749], 'adults:': [3751, 3845], 'implications': [3752], 'assessing': [3754], "children's": [3755], 'agents.': [3759], 'Toxicology': [3762], 'Part': [3766], '67,': [3768], '297–': [3769], 'Goldstein': [3771], 'Wallace': [3774], '1997.': [3776], 'schoolchildren?': [3780], '388–': [3786], '392.': [3787], 'Gougeon': [3788], 'Harrigan': [3790], 'Tremblay': [3792], 'Hedrei': [3794], 'Lamarche': [3796], 'Morais': [3799], 'Increase': [3802], 'thermic': [3805], 'adrenergic': [3812], 'amines': [3813], 'extracted': [3814], 'citrus': [3816], 'aurantium.': [3817], 'Obesity': [3818], '1187–': [3821], '1194.': [3822], 'Grasser': [3823], 'Yepuri': [3825], 'Dulloo': [3827], 'Montani': [3830], 'J-P,': [3831], 'Cardio-': [3833], 'cerebrovascular': [3835], 'Red': [3841], 'cross-over': [3848], '71.': [3856], 'Dunbar': [3859], 'Schnoll': [3861], 'Kokolis': [3863, 3865], 'Kassotis': [3868], 'Caffeinated': [3871, 3903], 'beverage': [3872], 'elderly:': [3883], 'analysis.': [3886], '85,': [3892], '392–': [3893], '398.': [3894], 'Chow': [3897], 'Ziegelstein': [3900], 'RC,': [3901], 'consumption,': [3905], 'disease,': [3907], 'valve': [3910], 'elderly': [3914], '(from': [3915], 'Framingham': [3917], 'Study).': [3918], '102,': [3923], '1502–': [3924], '1508.': [3925], 'Greenland': [3926], 'coffee,': [3932], 'infarction,': [3934], 'coronary': [3936], 'death.': [3937], '366–': [3940], '374.': [3941], 'Charvill': [3950], 'Chipps': [3952], 'KC,': [3953], 'Kassam': [3960], 'KL': [3979], 'CP,': [3982], 'pregnancy,': [3987], 'late': [3988], 'miscarriage': [3989], 'stillbirth.': [3991], '275–': [3997], '280.': [3998], 'Rimm': [4001], 'Giovannucci': [4003], 'Colditz': [4005], 'Stampfer': [4007], 'Willett': [4010], '323,': [4025], '1026–': [4026], '1032.': [4027], 'Grosso': [4028], 'LM,': [4029], 'Belanger': [4032], 'Holford': [4036], 'TR': [4037], 'Bracken': [4039], 'MB,': [4040], 'metabolites': [4043], 'umbilical': [4045], 'cord': [4046], 'blood,': [4047], 'cytochrome': [4048], '1A2': [4050], 'activity,': [4051], 'intrauterine': [4053], 'restriction.': [4055], '163,': [4060], '1035–': [4061], '1041.': [4062], 'Gyntelberg': [4063], 'Hein': [4065], 'HO,': 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'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2556574846', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 82}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-22T16:45:08.433301', 'created_date': '2016-11-30'}
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