Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2550512741', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.062', 'title': 'Spectral irradiance effects on the outdoor performance of photovoltaic modules', 'display_name': 'Spectral irradiance effects on the outdoor performance of photovoltaic modules', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-11-21', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2550512741', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.062', 'mag': '2550512741'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.062', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S68497187', 'display_name': 'Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews', 'issn_l': '1364-0321', 'issn': ['1364-0321', '1879-0690'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Spectral_irradiance_effects_on_the_outdoor_performance_of_photovoltaic_modules/9570716/1/files/17204711.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057566741', 'display_name': 'Rüştü Eke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9260-6143'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79946792', 'display_name': 'Muğla University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05n2cz176', 'country_code': 'TR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79946792']}], 'countries': ['TR'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Eke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Clean Energy R&D Centre, 48100 Muğla, Turkey'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Clean Energy R&D Centre, 48100 Muğla, Turkey', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79946792']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004629691', 'display_name': 'Thomas R. Betts', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-0964'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090535', 'display_name': 'Renewable Energy Systems (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00gsbmb44', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090535']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I143804889', 'display_name': 'Loughborough University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vg4w365', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I143804889']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T.R. Betts', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Loughborough University, Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology, School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Loughborough University, Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology, School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090535', 'https://openalex.org/I143804889']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081129941', 'display_name': 'Ralph Gottschalg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-0899'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090535', 'display_name': 'Renewable Energy Systems (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00gsbmb44', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090535']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I143804889', 'display_name': 'Loughborough University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vg4w365', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I143804889']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R., Gottschalg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Loughborough University, Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology, School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Loughborough University, Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology, School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090535', 'https://openalex.org/I143804889']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5057566741'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79946792'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4830, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4830, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.11, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 58, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999932, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '69', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '429', 'last_page': '434'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10468', 'display_name': 'Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2105', 'display_name': 'Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/21', 'display_name': 'Energy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10468', 'display_name': 'Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2105', 'display_name': 'Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/21', 'display_name': 'Energy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11276', 'display_name': 'Machine Learning Methods for Solar Radiation Forecasting', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10905', 'display_name': 'Solar Thermal Energy Technologies', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2105', 'display_name': 'Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/21', 'display_name': 'Energy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-efficiency', 'display_name': 'Photovoltaic Efficiency', 'score': 0.580882}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46423501', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654', 'display_name': 'Irradiance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9271324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41291067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785', 'display_name': 'Photovoltaic system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9216026}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9695528', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556707', 'display_name': 'Solar irradiance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5706106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.50418484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62649853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687', 'display_name': 'Remote sensing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34752548}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61696701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766', 'display_name': 'Engineering physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34048048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30147955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27516603}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21789753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2014575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17986134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10829121}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.062', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S68497187', 'display_name': 'Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews', 'issn_l': '1364-0321', 'issn': ['1364-0321', '1879-0690'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24064', 'pdf_url': 'https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Spectral_irradiance_effects_on_the_outdoor_performance_of_photovoltaic_modules/9570716/1/files/17204711.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401023', 'display_name': 'Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I143804889', 'host_organization_name': 'Loughborough University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I143804889'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Loughborough University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spectral_irradiance_effects_on_the_outdoor_performance_of_photovoltaic_modules/9570716', 'pdf_url': 'https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spectral_irradiance_effects_on_the_outdoor_performance_of_photovoltaic_modules/9570716/1/files/17204711.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402621', 'display_name': 'INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I39422238', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Illinois at Chicago', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39422238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Illinois at Chicago'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24064', 'pdf_url': 'https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Spectral_irradiance_effects_on_the_outdoor_performance_of_photovoltaic_modules/9570716/1/files/17204711.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401023', 'display_name': 'Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I143804889', 'host_organization_name': 'Loughborough University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I143804889'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Loughborough University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.77}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 72, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W127798188', 'https://openalex.org/W1503006622', 'https://openalex.org/W1514043154', 'https://openalex.org/W1527723008', 'https://openalex.org/W1558639116', 'https://openalex.org/W1571450428', 'https://openalex.org/W1576035160', 'https://openalex.org/W1584501255', 'https://openalex.org/W1627532709', 'https://openalex.org/W1671935993', 'https://openalex.org/W1871178930', 'https://openalex.org/W1952688567', 'https://openalex.org/W1965179694', 'https://openalex.org/W1968240367', 'https://openalex.org/W1971736391', 'https://openalex.org/W1981020460', 'https://openalex.org/W1990993213', 'https://openalex.org/W199145497', 'https://openalex.org/W1994971593', 'https://openalex.org/W1995449368', 'https://openalex.org/W1996385390', 'https://openalex.org/W1996474158', 'https://openalex.org/W1998193105', 'https://openalex.org/W2001732656', 'https://openalex.org/W2003171375', 'https://openalex.org/W2004072926', 'https://openalex.org/W2006639245', 'https://openalex.org/W2010977231', 'https://openalex.org/W2011401783', 'https://openalex.org/W2014155113', 'https://openalex.org/W2025542794', 'https://openalex.org/W2027771140', 'https://openalex.org/W2029149883', 'https://openalex.org/W2034267235', 'https://openalex.org/W2045320154', 'https://openalex.org/W2051386404', 'https://openalex.org/W2052478394', 'https://openalex.org/W2055617527', 'https://openalex.org/W2059735912', 'https://openalex.org/W2061406607', 'https://openalex.org/W2062301330', 'https://openalex.org/W2064159221', 'https://openalex.org/W2068782127', 'https://openalex.org/W2073663634', 'https://openalex.org/W2079633121', 'https://openalex.org/W2081451826', 'https://openalex.org/W2087624740', 'https://openalex.org/W2089633814', 'https://openalex.org/W2094014553', 'https://openalex.org/W2095848881', 'https://openalex.org/W210314881', 'https://openalex.org/W2107069803', 'https://openalex.org/W2119094779', 'https://openalex.org/W2123445993', 'https://openalex.org/W2125024054', 'https://openalex.org/W2131493497', 'https://openalex.org/W2139535688', 'https://openalex.org/W2140817806', 'https://openalex.org/W2151685377', 'https://openalex.org/W2153194043', 'https://openalex.org/W2153278033', 'https://openalex.org/W2159754125', 'https://openalex.org/W2163898888', 'https://openalex.org/W2169878984', 'https://openalex.org/W2239988583', 'https://openalex.org/W2279421462', 'https://openalex.org/W2284114992', 'https://openalex.org/W2310661406', 'https://openalex.org/W2492975200', 'https://openalex.org/W2498138719', 'https://openalex.org/W262361805', 'https://openalex.org/W3016164285'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4381051184', 'https://openalex.org/W3165023116', 'https://openalex.org/W3134192010', 'https://openalex.org/W3023498303', 'https://openalex.org/W2892339542', 'https://openalex.org/W2888553877', 'https://openalex.org/W2754368241', 'https://openalex.org/W2557509927', 'https://openalex.org/W2352437677', 'https://openalex.org/W2169016500'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 62], 'outdoor': [1, 51], 'performance': [2, 22, 54, 89], 'of': [3, 24], 'photovoltaic': [4, 25, 39, 52], 'modules': [5, 26], 'is': [6, 19], 'influenced': [7], 'by': [8], 'spectrum.': [9], 'Even': [10], 'if': [11], 'the': [12, 16, 20, 28, 38, 50, 92], 'irradiance': [13, 47], 'level': [14], 'and': [15, 55, 73, 90], 'operating': [17], 'temperature': [18], 'same,': [21], 'difference': [23], 'between': [27], 'seasons': [29], 'can': [30], 'be': [31], 'increase': [32], 'up': [33], 'to': [34], '15%': [35], 'depending': [36], 'on': [37, 49, 87], 'module': [40, 53], 'type.': [41], 'In': [42], 'this': [43, 96], 'paper,': [44], 'seasonal': [45], 'spectral': [46], 'effects': [48, 86], 'previous': [56], 'studies': [57, 94], 'has': [58], 'been': [59], 'summarised': [60], 'thoroughly.': [61], 'spectrum': [63, 85], 'indicators': [64], 'which': [65], 'are': [66, 77], 'used': [67], 'for': [68], 'spectra': [69], 'characteristics,': [70], 'Useful': [71], 'Fraction': [72], 'Average': [74], 'Photon': [75], 'Energy': [76], 'described': [78], 'in': [79], 'detail.': [80], 'This': [81], 'study': [82], 'also': [83], 'indicates': [84], 'PV': [88], 'outlines': [91], 'present': [93], 'investigating': [95], 'effect.': [97]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2550512741', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T15:42:15.586323', 'created_date': '2016-11-30'}