Title: Gaps in Hypertension Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Versus High-Income Countries
Abstract: HomeHypertensionVol. 68, No. 6Gaps in Hypertension Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Versus High-Income Countries Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissionsDownload Articles + Supplements ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toSupplemental MaterialFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBGaps in Hypertension Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Versus High-Income CountriesA Systematic Review Mayowa Owolabi, Paul Olowoyo, J. Jaime Miranda, Rufus Akinyemi, Wuwei Feng, Joseph Yaria, Tomiwa Makanjuola, Sanni Yaya, Janusz Kaczorowski, Lehana Thabane, Josefien Van Olmen, Prashant Mathur, Clara Chow, Andre Kengne, Raelle Saulson, Amanda G. Thrift, Rohina Joshi, Gerald S. Bloomfield, Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Gary Parker, Charles Agyemang, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Shane Norris, Luqman Ogunjimi, Temitope Farombi, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Ezinne Uvere, Babatunde Salako, Bruce Ovbiagele and for the COUNCIL Initiative Mayowa OwolabiMayowa Owolabi From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Paul OlowoyoPaul Olowoyo From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , J. Jaime MirandaJ. Jaime Miranda From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Rufus AkinyemiRufus Akinyemi From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Wuwei FengWuwei Feng From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Joseph YariaJoseph Yaria From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Tomiwa MakanjuolaTomiwa Makanjuola From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Sanni YayaSanni Yaya From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Janusz KaczorowskiJanusz Kaczorowski From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Lehana ThabaneLehana Thabane From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Josefien Van OlmenJosefien Van Olmen From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Prashant MathurPrashant Mathur From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Clara ChowClara Chow From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Andre KengneAndre Kengne From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa (A.K.); School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (A.G.T.); Cardiovascular Global Health Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (G.S.B.); Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom (G.P.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.A.); Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy (P.A.M.); and Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N.). , Raelle SaulsonRaelle Saulson From the Department of Medicine and University College Hospital (M.O., J.Y., T.M., L.O., T.F., E.S.M., B.S.) and Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine (R.A.), University of Ibadan, Nigeria; WFNR-Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O., E.U.); Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria (P.O.); Department of Medicine, CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (J.J.M.); Department of Neurology (W.F., R.S., B.O.) and Department of Public Health Sciences (M.G.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.K.); Department of Public Health, Health Service Organization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesia/Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.V.O.); Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India (P.M.); Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (C.C., R.J.); Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit