Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2526699879', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3663', 'title': 'Chalcopyrite Semiconductors as Sources for Terahertz Spectroscopy', 'display_name': 'Chalcopyrite Semiconductors as Sources for Terahertz Spectroscopy', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2526699879', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3663', 'mag': '2526699879'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3663', 'pdf_url': 'https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4667&context=etd', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'dissertation', 'type_crossref': 'dissertation', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4667&context=etd', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108220683', 'display_name': 'J. Rowley', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12097938', 'display_name': 'West Virginia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/011vxgd24', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210105530', 'display_name': 'Morgantown High School', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01f0k6s82', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105530']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Joseph D. Rowley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics Morgantown, West Virginia 2013', 'West Virginia University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Virginia University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics Morgantown, West Virginia 2013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210105530']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5108220683'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938', 'https://openalex.org/I4210105530'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.778881, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 65, 'max': 72}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10752', 'display_name': 'Terahertz technology and applications', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10752', 'display_name': 'Terahertz technology and applications', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11111', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy and Laser Applications', 'score': 0.9907, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10022', 'display_name': 'Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices', 'score': 0.99, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-rectification', 'display_name': 'Optical rectification', 'score': 0.7031712}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107816215', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887', 'display_name': 'Terahertz radiation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7442842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1781132', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098892', 'display_name': 'Optical rectification', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7031712}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6718174}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125743686', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108779', 'display_name': 'Birefringence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64077085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108225325', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456', 'display_name': 'Semiconductor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778188036', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111044', 'display_name': 'Chalcopyrite', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61774707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55294925}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53334594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77887725', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157147', 'display_name': 'Terahertz spectroscopy and technology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4299178}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520434653', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.38923135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78854221', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear optics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.28555602}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18532723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C544778455', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753', 'display_name': 'Copper', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3663', 'pdf_url': 'https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4667&context=etd', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.3663', 'pdf_url': 'https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4667&context=etd', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 108, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1529039403', 'https://openalex.org/W1538508010', 'https://openalex.org/W1549342671', 'https://openalex.org/W1572036921', 'https://openalex.org/W1626390518', 'https://openalex.org/W1827776796', 'https://openalex.org/W1933823559', 'https://openalex.org/W1965449121', 'https://openalex.org/W1966685123', 'https://openalex.org/W1966760373', 'https://openalex.org/W1968430460', 'https://openalex.org/W1971407024', 'https://openalex.org/W1971751086', 'https://openalex.org/W1971885235', 'https://openalex.org/W1972432506', 'https://openalex.org/W1972692296', 'https://openalex.org/W1975332563', 'https://openalex.org/W1976827422', 'https://openalex.org/W1977155568', 'https://openalex.org/W1977878882', 'https://openalex.org/W1978262423', 'https://openalex.org/W1984267293', 'https://openalex.org/W1985430737', 'https://openalex.org/W1986721027', 'https://openalex.org/W1987925546', 'https://openalex.org/W1992409249', 'https://openalex.org/W1993866051', 'https://openalex.org/W1997922699', 'https://openalex.org/W1999582986', 'https://openalex.org/W2000514224', 'https://openalex.org/W2002461454', 'https://openalex.org/W2003819560', 'https://openalex.org/W2009564251', 'https://openalex.org/W2009756809', 'https://openalex.org/W2012654397', 'https://openalex.org/W2015637633', 'https://openalex.org/W2015758516', 'https://openalex.org/W2017354573', 'https://openalex.org/W2018453238', 'https://openalex.org/W2019612540', 'https://openalex.org/W2023761674', 'https://openalex.org/W2025999593', 'https://openalex.org/W2026418275', 'https://openalex.org/W2026863242', 'https://openalex.org/W2034142348', 'https://openalex.org/W2034914744', 'https://openalex.org/W2037464989', 'https://openalex.org/W2038226221', 'https://openalex.org/W2039429129', 'https://openalex.org/W2041051670', 'https://openalex.org/W2042395809', 'https://openalex.org/W2044101469', 'https://openalex.org/W2044911356', 'https://openalex.org/W2046675299', 'https://openalex.org/W2051761754', 'https://openalex.org/W2052180861', 'https://openalex.org/W2053557052', 'https://openalex.org/W2058186127', 'https://openalex.org/W2058664558', 'https://openalex.org/W2059292641', 'https://openalex.org/W2059961285', 'https://openalex.org/W2061732174', 'https://openalex.org/W2063620883', 'https://openalex.org/W2066034071', 'https://openalex.org/W2067612003', 'https://openalex.org/W2068620109', 'https://openalex.org/W2078561578', 'https://openalex.org/W2078665582', 'https://openalex.org/W2079348290', 'https://openalex.org/W2081602211', 'https://openalex.org/W2083366141', 'https://openalex.org/W2086264652', 'https://openalex.org/W2087977947', 'https://openalex.org/W2087993958', 'https://openalex.org/W2090653388', 'https://openalex.org/W2092411358', 'https://openalex.org/W2095014523', 'https://openalex.org/W2101346940', 'https://openalex.org/W2103744487', 'https://openalex.org/W2106694297', 'https://openalex.org/W2109507506', 'https://openalex.org/W2109654671', 'https://openalex.org/W2115579331', 'https://openalex.org/W2119356775', 'https://openalex.org/W2125390728', 'https://openalex.org/W2131364167', 'https://openalex.org/W2134002024', 'https://openalex.org/W2141566939', 'https://openalex.org/W2142130714', 'https://openalex.org/W2146724263', 'https://openalex.org/W2146818950', 'https://openalex.org/W2150160149', 'https://openalex.org/W2156298673', 'https://openalex.org/W2162123284', 'https://openalex.org/W2167208994', 'https://openalex.org/W2168542532', 'https://openalex.org/W2172023227', 'https://openalex.org/W2313668054', 'https://openalex.org/W2325596712', 'https://openalex.org/W2493679277', 'https://openalex.org/W2624842624', 'https://openalex.org/W2950139009', 'https://openalex.org/W3021878006', 'https://openalex.org/W3143959377', 'https://openalex.org/W3196740731', 'https://openalex.org/W4231312538', 'https://openalex.org/W4296979420', 'https://openalex.org/W45473026'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4320205367', 'https://openalex.org/W2808347648', 'https://openalex.org/W2471738782', 'https://openalex.org/W2171659658', 'https://openalex.org/W2091938949', 'https://openalex.org/W2087227458', 'https://openalex.org/W2046347221', 'https://openalex.org/W2033532584', 'https://openalex.org/W2024251300', 'https://openalex.org/W2009463532'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0, 214], 'dissertation': [1], 'summarizes': [2], 'a': [3, 30, 42, 107, 201], 'first': [4], 'effort': [5], 'to': [6, 100, 137, 178, 187, 302], 'address': [7], 'the': [8, 55, 64, 77, 115, 146, 157, 168, 182, 223, 234, 239, 245, 264, 285, 303], 'suitability': [9], 'of': [10, 66, 79, 86, 119, 125, 139, 160, 194, 227, 241, 255, 266, 279, 288, 296, 307], 'chalcopyrite': [11, 31, 60, 68, 180, 232], 'structured': [12, 69], 'semiconductors': [13, 70, 105], 'for': [14, 45, 71, 152, 172, 216, 259, 294, 317], 'efficient': [15, 170, 220], 'and': [16, 89, 142, 174, 219, 247, 271, 277, 291, 312], 'broadband': [17], 'terahertz': [18, 298], '(THz)': [19], 'pulse': [20, 250, 289], 'emission': [21, 73, 164, 256], 'by': [22], 'optical': [23, 127, 269], 'rectification.': [24], 'The': [25, 122], 'experiments': [26], 'demonstrate': [27, 156, 238], 'that': [28, 138], 'ZnGeP2,': [29, 63, 135], 'semiconductor': [32], 'showing': [33, 263], 'improved': [34], 'growth': [35], 'quality': [36], 'in': [37, 59, 76, 132, 208, 231], 'recent': [38], 'decades': [39], '[1,2],': [40], 'is': [41, 74, 98, 130, 185, 198, 257, 314], 'promising': [43], 'source': [44, 109], 'THz': [46, 72, 108, 126, 163, 196, 249, 272], 'spectroscopy': [47], 'while': [48, 150, 166], 'also': [49, 236, 315], 'addressing': [50], 'general': [51, 183], 'fundamental': [52], 'questions': [53], 'concerning': [54], 'nonlinear': [56, 92, 148, 268], 'generation': [57, 173, 295, 308], 'process': [58], 'semiconductors.': [61], 'Beyond': [62], 'potential': [65], 'other': [67, 179, 188], 'examined': [75, 131], 'context': [78], 'calculated': [80], 'phase-matching': [81], 'characteristics,': [82], 'onset': [83], 'pump': [84, 203], 'wavelength': [85], 'multiphoton': [87], 'absorption,': [88], 'tabulated': [90], 'second-order': [91, 147], 'coefficients.': [93], 'Based': [94], 'on': [95, 145, 162, 244], 'these,': [96], 'CdGeP2': [97], 'determined': [99], 'show': [101], 'particular': [102], 'promise': [103], 'among': [104], 'as': [106], 'when': [110], 'pumped': [111], 'at': [112], 'or': [113], 'near': [114], 'fiber': [116], 'laser': [117], 'line': [118], '1.55': [120], 'im.': [121], 'orientation': [123], 'dependence': [124, 254], 'rectification': [128], 'efficiency': [129, 165, 309], 'tetragonal': [133], 'birefringent': [134, 190], 'compared': [136], 'cubic': [140], 'GaP,': [141], 'modeled': [143], 'based': [144], 'tensor,': [149], 'accounting': [151], 'birefringence.': [153], 'These': [154], 'results': [155], 'significant': [158], 'effects': [159, 240, 265], 'birefringence': [161], 'defining': [167], 'most': [169], 'orientations': [171], 'can': [175], 'be': [176], 'generalized': [177], 'semiconductors;': [181], 'approach': [184], 'applicable': [186], 'uniaxial': [189], 'crystals.': [191, 213], 'Experimental': [192], 'mapping': [193], 'generated': [195], 'pulses': [197, 299], 'presented': [199, 258], 'over': [200], 'broad': [202], 'tuning': [204], 'range': [205], '(1120-2480': [206], 'nm)': [207], '3': [209], 'mm': [210], 'thick': [211], 'ZnGeP2': [212, 313], 'mapping,': [215], 'two': [217], 'distinct': [218], 'orientations,': [221], 'demonstrates': [222], 'moderate': [224], 'angle': [225], 'tunability': [226], 'phase': [228, 242], 'mismatch': [229, 243], 'achievable': [230], 'crystals;': [233], 'data': [235], 'continuously': [237], 'temporal': [246], 'spectral': [248], 'waveform.': [251], 'Finally,': [252], 'pump-intensity': [253], 'three': [260], 'crystal': [261, 292], 'lengths,': [262], 'near-infrared': [267], 'absorption': [270], 'free-carrier': [273], 'absorption.': [274], 'Measurements,': [275], 'modeling,': [276], 'calculation': [278], 'characteristic': [280], 'lengths': [281], 'provide': [282], 'insight': [283], 'into': [284], 'upper': [286], 'limit': [287], 'intensity': [290], 'length': [293], 'intense': [297], 'without': [300], 'detriment': [301], 'bandwidth.': [304], 'Direct': [305], 'comparison': [306], 'from': [310], 'GaP': [311], 'measured': [316], 'reference.': [318]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2526699879', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T08:35:11.637441', 'created_date': '2016-10-07'}