Abstract: An aging global population poses substantial challenges to society [1Harper S. Economic and social implications of aging societies.Science. 2014; 346: 587-591Crossref PubMed Scopus (327) Google Scholar]. Centenarians are a model for healthy aging because they have reached the extreme limit of life by escaping, surviving, or delaying chronic diseases [2Engberg H. Oksuzyan A. Jeune B. Vaupel J.W. Christensen K. Centenarians — a useful model for healthy aging? A 29-year follow-up of hospitalizations among 40,000 Danes born in 1905.Aging Cell. 2009; 8: 270-276Crossref PubMed Scopus (83) Google Scholar]. The genetics of centenarians have been extensively examined [3Brooks-Wilson A.R. Genetics of healthy aging and longevity.Hum. Genet. 2013; 132: 1323-1338Crossref PubMed Scopus (196) Google Scholar], but less is known about their gut microbiotas. Recently, Biagi et al. [4Biagi E. Franceschi C. Rampelli S. Severgnini M. Ostan R. Turroni S. Consolandi C. Quercia S. Scurti M. Monti D. et al.Gut microbiota and extreme longevity.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: 1480-1485Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (468) Google Scholar] characterized the gut microbiota in Italian centenarians and semi-supercentenarians. Here, we compare the gut microbiota of Chinese long-living people with younger age groups, and with the results from the Italian population [4Biagi E. Franceschi C. Rampelli S. Severgnini M. Ostan R. Turroni S. Consolandi C. Quercia S. Scurti M. Monti D. et al.Gut microbiota and extreme longevity.Curr. Biol. 2016; 26: 1480-1485Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (468) Google Scholar], to identify gut-microbial signatures of healthy aging.