Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2511353375', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.1998.670971', 'title': 'Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition', 'display_name': 'Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-11-27', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2511353375', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.1998.670971', 'mag': '2511353375'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.1998.670971', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006250085', 'display_name': 'Wenyi Zhao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-5081'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, College Park', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047s2c258', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Zhao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102762707', 'display_name': 'Rama Chellappa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-1650'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, College Park', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047s2c258', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Chellappa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112594136', 'display_name': 'A. Krishnaswamy', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Krishnaswamy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 21.662, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 392, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999854, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10057', 'display_name': 'Face and Expression Recognition', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10057', 'display_name': 'Face and Expression Recognition', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13890', 'display_name': 'Remote Sensing and Land Use', 'score': 0.9698, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10824', 'display_name': 'Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques', 'score': 0.9674, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification', 'display_name': 'Contextual image classification', 'score': 0.42446953}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27438332', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873', 'display_name': 'Principal component analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.87531126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C69738355', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929', 'display_name': 'Linear discriminant analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8632191}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.83967686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.8058702}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32834561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730', 'display_name': 'Subspace topology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.711324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31510193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553', 'display_name': 'Facial recognition system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6922642}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95623464', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149', 'display_name': 'Classifier (UML)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6514666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6362591}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75294576', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192', 'display_name': 'Contextual image classification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42446953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779304628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480', 'display_name': 'Face (sociological concept)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41594774}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623', 'display_name': 'Image (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17575973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/afgr.1998.670971', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.76, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 10, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2012352340', 'https://openalex.org/W2029900646', 'https://openalex.org/W2115689562', 'https://openalex.org/W2116165535', 'https://openalex.org/W2118774738', 'https://openalex.org/W2130532343', 'https://openalex.org/W2131273085', 'https://openalex.org/W2138451337', 'https://openalex.org/W2159173611', 'https://openalex.org/W4255242490'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4224057882', 'https://openalex.org/W3104072235', 'https://openalex.org/W2765337000', 'https://openalex.org/W2391447249', 'https://openalex.org/W2350996391', 'https://openalex.org/W2312955079', 'https://openalex.org/W2066119650', 'https://openalex.org/W2059615944', 'https://openalex.org/W2052589448', 'https://openalex.org/W1993173579'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'this': [1], 'paper': [2], 'we': [3, 27, 44, 79, 89, 98], 'describe': [4], 'a': [5, 38, 49, 84, 100, 124], 'face': [6, 30, 39, 85], 'recognition': [7, 130], 'method': [8, 21], 'based': [9], 'on': [10], 'PCA': [11, 58, 120], '(Principal': [12], 'Component': [13], 'Analysis)': [14], 'and': [15, 59, 121], 'LDA': [16, 46, 60, 68, 91, 114, 122], '(Linear': [17], 'Discriminant': [18], 'Analysis).': [19], 'The': [20, 53, 116], 'consists': [22], 'of': [23, 56, 67], 'two': [24], 'steps:': [25], 'first': [26], 'project': [28], 'the': [29, 33, 64, 113], 'image': [31, 129], 'from': [32], 'original': [34, 108], 'vector': [35], 'space': [36], 'to': [37, 47, 62, 82, 92, 112], 'subspace': [40, 86], 'via': [41], 'PCA,': [42, 78], 'second': [43], 'use': [45], 'obtain': [48], 'best': [50], 'linear': [51], 'classifier.': [52, 115], 'basic': [54], 'idea': [55], 'combining': [57], 'is': [61], 'improve': [63], 'generalization': [65], 'capability': [66], 'when': [69, 103], 'only': [70], 'few': [71], 'samples': [72], 'per': [73], 'class': [74], 'are': [75, 80, 110], 'available.': [76], 'Using': [77, 95], 'able': [81], 'construct': [83], 'in': [87], 'which': [88], 'apply': [90], 'perform': [93], 'classification.': [94], 'FERET': [96], 'dataset': [97], 'demonstrate': [99], 'significant': [101], 'improvement': [102], 'principal': [104], 'components': [105], 'rather': [106], 'than': [107], 'images': [109], 'fed': [111], 'hybrid': [117], 'classifier': [118], 'using': [119], 'provides': [123], 'useful': [125], 'framework': [126], 'for': [127], 'other': [128], 'tasks': [131], 'as': [132], 'well.': [133]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2511353375', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 13}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-18T08:54:09.941245', 'created_date': '2016-09-16'}