Abstract: Chapter 3 Survey and Sampling Design Malcolm R. Clark, Malcolm R. Clark National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorThomas A. Schlacher, Thomas A. Schlacher The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorGui M. Menezes, Gui M. Menezes University of the Azores, Horta, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorTina N. Molodtsova, Tina N. Molodtsova P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorIan J. Doonan, Ian J. Doonan National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author Malcolm R. Clark, Malcolm R. Clark National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorThomas A. Schlacher, Thomas A. Schlacher The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorGui M. Menezes, Gui M. Menezes University of the Azores, Horta, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorTina N. Molodtsova, Tina N. Molodtsova P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorIan J. Doonan, Ian J. Doonan National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Malcolm R. Clark, Malcolm R. Clark National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorMireille Consalvey, Mireille Consalvey National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorAshley A. Rowden, Ashley A. Rowden National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 February 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118332535.ch3Citations: 1 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary The fundamental aspects of survey and sampling design in the deep sea are generally the same as in shallower shelf and coastal waters. However, limitations imposed by depth, topography and by the extra time required to survey large areas of the deep sea can be challenging. In this chapter we focus on some of the key elements that are required to plan a valid survey and sampling strategy. Particular attention needs to be directed at establishing clear objectives, and a strategy of fewer tasks carried out well is generally preferable to a larger number done too poorly to address or test hypotheses. Spatial sampling aspects of survey design need especially to consider replication, scale, dispersion and independence of sampling units, and to avoid confounding of multiple environmental factors. Several case studies are presented to illustrate some of these elements, and to help the reader become familiar with practical aspects of biodiversity surveys, abundance surveys, surveys directed at ecological function, surveys that take a wide 'ecosystem' view, and the benefits of long-term time series. This chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive account of survey design, but addresses some of the most important elements a researcher should be aware of. Citing Literature Biological Sampling in the Deep Sea RelatedInformation