Abstract: Havenwood was founded in 1897 as a summer camp for six poor urban white boys. In the early part of the twentieth century, Havenwood's population grew and it became "junior municipality for misfit and unwanted children,"1 a permanent, residence for the founding couple and urban boys. At this time Havenwood was a "boys' home" and organized life using Christian doctrine. Over the course of the twentieth century, following trends in institutional living, and psychology and psychiatry in the United States, Havenwood shifted its focus from being a boys' home that taught discipline and obedience to a therapeutic milieu designed to meet the emotional, cognitive, and psychological needs of society's troubled youth. In this chapter, I provide a general context and historical trajectory for children's institutions in the United States, illustrating how and when frameworks shifted from religious and moral reform to psychiatry and mental illness rehabilitation. Havenwood has been in existence during these phases, reinventing itself along the way. I also provide a historical and cultural context for how race, either explicitly or implicitly, informs incarceration, psychiatry, and psychiatric custody in the United States. I also introduce a history and the context of hip hop, which emerged as a meaningful cultural practice at Havenwood. This chapter is organized thematically, rather than chronologically, as I braid these histories together to illustrate how they have come to shape psychiatric custody in the United States. These histories are not meant to be exhaustive, and I direct readers to the appropriate literature for further reading.KeywordsResidential TreatmentAfrican American YouthChild Welfare SystemBlack YouthWhite SupremacyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Publication Year: 2015
Publication Date: 2015-01-01
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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