Abstract: Effective implementation of multilateral sanctions calls for efficient national control systems which ensure that commercial and financial embargoes are not circumvented or ignored, as well as coordination of international effort and mechanisms for international supervision. Governments retain major responsibility for control at the international level as well as within their own jurisdictions as international organizations have very limited powers to enforce penalties. At the behest of their members they may be able to deny membership, voting rights and other benefits, including access to development funds, but all other sanctions of whatever kind — diplomatic, political, cultural and economic — whether or not they are ordered or recommended by international bodies, require national implementation. If a physical blockade of traffic to and from the target is authorized by an international organization, that operation too must be 'farmed out' to national forces.
Publication Year: 1996
Publication Date: 1996-01-01
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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