Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2492005154', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12350', 'title': 'A review of recent ecological changes in the Sahel, with particular reference to land‐use change, plants, birds and mammals', 'display_name': 'A review of recent ecological changes in the Sahel, with particular reference to land‐use change, plants, birds and mammals', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-07-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2492005154', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12350', 'mag': '2492005154'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12350', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S14053799', 'display_name': 'African Journal of Ecology', 'issn_l': '0141-6707', 'issn': ['0141-6707', '1365-2028'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083006614', 'display_name': 'Bruno Walther', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0425-1443'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47519274', 'display_name': 'Taipei Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05031qk94', 'country_code': 'TW', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47519274']}], 'countries': ['TW'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Bruno A. Walther', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., 110 Taipei, Taiwan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., 110 Taipei, Taiwan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47519274']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5083006614'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47519274'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3350, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3350, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.652, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 35, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.92, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '54', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '268', 'last_page': '280'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12630', 'display_name': 'African Botany and Ecology Studies', 'score': 0.995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1107', 'display_name': 'Forestry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12630', 'display_name': 'African Botany and Ecology Studies', 'score': 0.995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1107', 'display_name': 'Forestry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12467', 'display_name': 'Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology', 'score': 0.9945, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2308', 'display_name': 'Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13490', 'display_name': 'Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity', 'score': 0.993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/overexploitation', 'display_name': 'Overexploitation', 'score': 0.7388791}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C152613627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050262', 'display_name': 'Overexploitation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7388791}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67715294', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321', 'display_name': 'Wetland', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66221344}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.65974903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130217890', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041', 'display_name': 'Biodiversity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62775576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6005803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776133958', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366', 'display_name': 'Vegetation (pathology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45525962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118518473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451', 'display_name': 'Agriculture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42720628}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777601987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581', 'display_name': 'Disturbance (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42183813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18507928}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12350', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S14053799', 'display_name': 'African Journal of Ecology', 'issn_l': '0141-6707', 'issn': ['0141-6707', '1365-2028'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth', 'score': 0.49, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322814', 'funder_display_name': 'Taipei Medical University', 'award_id': None}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 119, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1248043555', 'https://openalex.org/W128847503', 'https://openalex.org/W1483494490', 'https://openalex.org/W1492602763', 'https://openalex.org/W1505401644', 'https://openalex.org/W1512372072', 'https://openalex.org/W1525411037', 'https://openalex.org/W1528385021', 'https://openalex.org/W1529312590', 'https://openalex.org/W1551322995', 'https://openalex.org/W1574350358', 'https://openalex.org/W1580576896', 'https://openalex.org/W1601625792', 'https://openalex.org/W1774267230', 'https://openalex.org/W1898201454', 'https://openalex.org/W1932362531', 'https://openalex.org/W1934117010', 'https://openalex.org/W1943411088', 'https://openalex.org/W1965258109', 'https://openalex.org/W1969320610', 'https://openalex.org/W1970438077', 'https://openalex.org/W1971033341', 'https://openalex.org/W1971753349', 'https://openalex.org/W1972887459', 'https://openalex.org/W1977362130', 'https://openalex.org/W1984239225', 'https://openalex.org/W1985309643', 'https://openalex.org/W1986916088', 'https://openalex.org/W1991986943', 'https://openalex.org/W2003893975', 'https://openalex.org/W2006451854', 'https://openalex.org/W2013028626', 'https://openalex.org/W2016490018', 'https://openalex.org/W2017036757', 'https://openalex.org/W2017763364', 'https://openalex.org/W2021481900', 'https://openalex.org/W2023624008', 'https://openalex.org/W2023733164', 'https://openalex.org/W2031829474', 'https://openalex.org/W2031884883', 'https://openalex.org/W2033542595', 'https://openalex.org/W2034744451', 'https://openalex.org/W2036125576', 'https://openalex.org/W2037007224', 'https://openalex.org/W2037382376', 'https://openalex.org/W2043773484', 'https://openalex.org/W2045704872', 'https://openalex.org/W2051447204', 'https://openalex.org/W2051799729', 'https://openalex.org/W2052104520', 'https://openalex.org/W2052185634', 'https://openalex.org/W2052474579', 'https://openalex.org/W2052479643', 'https://openalex.org/W2058146997', 'https://openalex.org/W2065976293', 'https://openalex.org/W2075384052', 'https://openalex.org/W2077375572', 'https://openalex.org/W2083504817', 'https://openalex.org/W2086306166', 'https://openalex.org/W2087913319', 'https://openalex.org/W2089212648', 'https://openalex.org/W2092304890', 'https://openalex.org/W2092544260', 'https://openalex.org/W2093409796', 'https://openalex.org/W2094834485', 'https://openalex.org/W2096009144', 'https://openalex.org/W2101459943', 'https://openalex.org/W2102200338', 'https://openalex.org/W2103317434', 'https://openalex.org/W2103804861', 'https://openalex.org/W2105291634', 'https://openalex.org/W2105801075', 'https://openalex.org/W2106014472', 'https://openalex.org/W2107473566', 'https://openalex.org/W2114384807', 'https://openalex.org/W2114400468', 'https://openalex.org/W2114509208', 'https://openalex.org/W2117602266', 'https://openalex.org/W2118622244', 'https://openalex.org/W2120369316', 'https://openalex.org/W2120802499', 'https://openalex.org/W2128883695', 'https://openalex.org/W2131511130', 'https://openalex.org/W2136921542', 'https://openalex.org/W2144503057', 'https://openalex.org/W2146143741', 'https://openalex.org/W2149414249', 'https://openalex.org/W2149546296', 'https://openalex.org/W2153050687', 'https://openalex.org/W2154425277', 'https://openalex.org/W2155218173', 'https://openalex.org/W2160552295', 'https://openalex.org/W2160888827', 'https://openalex.org/W2161139387', 'https://openalex.org/W2165312778', 'https://openalex.org/W2166215893', 'https://openalex.org/W2171347020', 'https://openalex.org/W2175423925', 'https://openalex.org/W2181887151', 'https://openalex.org/W2184923025', 'https://openalex.org/W2278824158', 'https://openalex.org/W2291950505', 'https://openalex.org/W2313630989', 'https://openalex.org/W2315443763', 'https://openalex.org/W2322322570', 'https://openalex.org/W2327374066', 'https://openalex.org/W2334637616', 'https://openalex.org/W2495731254', 'https://openalex.org/W2528870260', 'https://openalex.org/W2600090863', 'https://openalex.org/W2606995208', 'https://openalex.org/W2615096901', 'https://openalex.org/W2715631559', 'https://openalex.org/W2752845828', 'https://openalex.org/W2757865646', 'https://openalex.org/W3005878401', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W652973557', 'https://openalex.org/W653996738'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386773956', 'https://openalex.org/W4385666112', 'https://openalex.org/W3123101943', 'https://openalex.org/W2809970093', 'https://openalex.org/W2604549872', 'https://openalex.org/W2488126558', 'https://openalex.org/W2282000746', 'https://openalex.org/W2059627226', 'https://openalex.org/W1601296467', 'https://openalex.org/W1445195185'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'This': [1], 'review': [2, 30, 67], 'focuses': [3], 'on': [4, 17, 32], 'recent': [5, 13, 48], 'ecological': [6, 33, 134], 'changes': [7, 34, 39, 74], 'in': [8, 72, 105], 'the': [9, 23, 47, 55, 58, 100, 106, 138, 163, 166], 'Sahel.': [10], 'While': [11], 'other': [12, 167], 'reviews': [14], 'focused': [15, 31], 'mainly': [16], 'agricultural': [18, 122, 164], 'changes,': [19, 71], 'remote': [20], 'sensing,': [21], 'and': [22, 25, 49, 78, 88, 91, 117, 124, 132, 145, 153, 156, 182, 188], 'evolution': [24], 'distribution': [26], 'of': [27], 'biodiversity,': [28], 'no': [29], 'over': [35], 'time': [36], 'although': [37], 'these': [38, 70, 171], 'needed': [40, 202], 'to': [41, 44, 68, 75, 113, 142], 'be': [42], 'summarized': [43], 'better': [45], 'understand': [46], 'often': [50], 'dramatic': [51], 'species': [52], 'declines': [53, 172], 'across': [54], 'Sahel': [56, 103], 'during': [57], 'last': [59], 'half': [60], 'century.': [61], 'Therefore,': [62], 'I': [63], 'conducted': [64], 'a': [65], 'literature': [66], 'summarize': [69], 'particular': [73], '(i)': [76], 'land‐use': [77], 'land‐cover,': [79], '(ii)': [80], 'wetlands,': [81], '(iii)': [82], 'plants,': [83], '(iv)': [84], 'birds,': [85, 152], 'especially': [86], 'large': [87, 93, 154], 'migratory': [89, 151], 'birds': [90, 155], '(v)': [92], 'mammals.': [94], 'The': [95], 'main': [96, 168], 'conclusion': [97], 'is': [98], 'that': [99], 'exceptionally': [101], 'severe': [102, 160], 'drought': [104], 'late': [107], '20th': [108], 'century': [109], 'was': [110], 'extremely': [111], 'detrimental': [112], 'both': [114], 'human': [115, 125, 130, 186], 'society': [116], 'nature,': [118], 'but': [119], 'thereafter,': [120], 'rainfall,': [121], 'productivity': [123], 'welfare': [126], 'increased': [127, 136, 176], 'again.': [128], 'As': [129], 'populations': [131], 'their': [133], 'footprint': [135], 'dramatically,': [137], "Sahel's": [139], 'biodiversity': [140], 'continued': [141], 'become': [143], 'more': [144, 146], 'impoverished,': [147], 'whereby': [148], 'woody': [149], 'vegetation,': [150], 'mammals': [157], 'suffered': [158], 'particularly': [159], 'declines.': [161], 'Besides': [162], 'expansion,': [165], 'reasons': [169], 'for': [170], 'are': [173, 194], 'wetland': [174], 'conversions,': [175], 'fire': [177], 'frequency,': [178], 'overharvesting,': [179], 'persecution,': [180], 'poisoning': [181], 'death': [183], 'caused': [184], 'by': [185], 'artefacts': [187], 'disturbance.': [189], 'More': [190], 'effective': [191], 'protected': [192], 'areas': [193], 'urgently': [195], 'needed,': [196], 'which': [197], 'could': [198], 'also': [199], 'generate': [200], 'much': [201], 'tourism': [203], 'revenue.': [204]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2492005154', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T11:49:39.536217', 'created_date': '2016-08-23'}