Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2484072530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243278.003', 'title': "The state and empire of Ch'in", 'display_name': "The state and empire of Ch'in", 'publication_year': 1986, 'publication_date': '1986-12-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2484072530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243278.003', 'mag': '2484072530'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243278.003', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306462995', 'display_name': 'Cambridge University Press eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083690269', 'display_name': 'Derk Bodde', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Derk Bodde', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5083690269'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 77, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.975854, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '20', 'last_page': '102'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10893', 'display_name': 'Religious Diversity and Regulation in Chinese Society', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10893', 'display_name': 'Religious Diversity and Regulation in Chinese Society', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10628', 'display_name': 'Political Economy and Governance in China', 'score': 0.9682, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11198', 'display_name': 'Cultural Dynamics in Japan and East Asia', 'score': 0.9417, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3316', 'display_name': 'Cultural Studies'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/feudalism', 'display_name': 'Feudalism', 'score': 0.79331744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/legalism', 'display_name': 'Legalism (Western philosophy)', 'score': 0.6472878}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/history', 'display_name': 'History', 'score': 0.477939}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/multitude', 'display_name': 'Multitude', 'score': 0.44933978}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778495208', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349', 'display_name': 'Empire', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.81958306}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C511693568', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37739', 'display_name': 'Feudalism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.79331744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133437341', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639471', 'display_name': 'Marxist philosophy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.78401804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778634595', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3480135', 'display_name': 'Legalism (Western philosophy)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6472878}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48103436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031', 'display_name': 'State (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60862404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5684247}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50803685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195244886', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493', 'display_name': 'Ancient history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46109048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780565519', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208937', 'display_name': 'Multitude', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44933978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43930238}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6303427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398', 'display_name': 'Economic history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42166114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39110816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35891506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2279349}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17212632}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.06853166}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521243278.003', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306462995', 'display_name': 'Cambridge University Press eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 198, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1481137394', 'https://openalex.org/W1522836631', 'https://openalex.org/W1581908794', 'https://openalex.org/W1582707788', 'https://openalex.org/W1606861814', 'https://openalex.org/W1963959707', 'https://openalex.org/W1969801077', 'https://openalex.org/W1971665147', 'https://openalex.org/W1975181248', 'https://openalex.org/W1979933269', 'https://openalex.org/W1984120949', 'https://openalex.org/W1989347857', 'https://openalex.org/W1991165940', 'https://openalex.org/W1991478984', 'https://openalex.org/W1992422779', 'https://openalex.org/W1992669623', 'https://openalex.org/W1994996793', 'https://openalex.org/W2000310047', 'https://openalex.org/W2000518040', 'https://openalex.org/W2001239536', 'https://openalex.org/W2002320126', 'https://openalex.org/W2002462562', 'https://openalex.org/W2004679316', 'https://openalex.org/W2009718914', 'https://openalex.org/W2009775463', 'https://openalex.org/W2009967308', 'https://openalex.org/W2012071131', 'https://openalex.org/W2012115031', 'https://openalex.org/W2013909025', 'https://openalex.org/W2014828154', 'https://openalex.org/W2015918360', 'https://openalex.org/W2016235714', 'https://openalex.org/W2016458429', 'https://openalex.org/W2016569353', 'https://openalex.org/W2016774038', 'https://openalex.org/W2018741664', 'https://openalex.org/W2027377939', 'https://openalex.org/W2031130474', 'https://openalex.org/W2031720029', 'https://openalex.org/W2033591508', 'https://openalex.org/W2034248695', 'https://openalex.org/W2036354649', 'https://openalex.org/W2040163188', 'https://openalex.org/W2042146725', 'https://openalex.org/W2045309145', 'https://openalex.org/W2048835904', 'https://openalex.org/W2049647890', 'https://openalex.org/W2050137558', 'https://openalex.org/W2053322655', 'https://openalex.org/W2053973876', 'https://openalex.org/W2053979608', 'https://openalex.org/W2054064129', 'https://openalex.org/W2060125949', 'https://openalex.org/W2063018781', 'https://openalex.org/W2063733764', 'https://openalex.org/W2065201783', 'https://openalex.org/W2069675679', 'https://openalex.org/W2070514977', 'https://openalex.org/W2070989974', 'https://openalex.org/W2071038472', 'https://openalex.org/W2071202322', 'https://openalex.org/W2072225648', 'https://openalex.org/W2077169051', 'https://openalex.org/W2077472350', 'https://openalex.org/W2078183645', 'https://openalex.org/W2081439115', 'https://openalex.org/W2087094887', 'https://openalex.org/W2087316490', 'https://openalex.org/W2088786523', 'https://openalex.org/W2090042941', 'https://openalex.org/W2094289244', 'https://openalex.org/W2095032544', 'https://openalex.org/W2095503197', 'https://openalex.org/W2097535833', 'https://openalex.org/W2097909748', 'https://openalex.org/W2099517891', 'https://openalex.org/W2109934398', 'https://openalex.org/W2111111696', 'https://openalex.org/W2114730671', 'https://openalex.org/W2115780543', 'https://openalex.org/W2116651388', 'https://openalex.org/W2126488409', 'https://openalex.org/W2139764670', 'https://openalex.org/W2143074153', 'https://openalex.org/W2147376612', 'https://openalex.org/W2147695482', 'https://openalex.org/W2149687661', 'https://openalex.org/W2150085021', 'https://openalex.org/W2163751881', 'https://openalex.org/W2210429208', 'https://openalex.org/W2262178137', 'https://openalex.org/W2280233377', 'https://openalex.org/W2284415965', 'https://openalex.org/W2289864236', 'https://openalex.org/W2290555784', 'https://openalex.org/W2312202147', 'https://openalex.org/W2313380954', 'https://openalex.org/W2314111166', 'https://openalex.org/W2314434971', 'https://openalex.org/W2314518084', 'https://openalex.org/W2314685316', 'https://openalex.org/W2314789901', 'https://openalex.org/W2315386771', 'https://openalex.org/W2315900129', 'https://openalex.org/W2316895796', 'https://openalex.org/W2317152482', 'https://openalex.org/W2318059598', 'https://openalex.org/W2318436848', 'https://openalex.org/W2319161277', 'https://openalex.org/W2319197762', 'https://openalex.org/W2320687170', 'https://openalex.org/W2322157520', 'https://openalex.org/W2322572481', 'https://openalex.org/W2323226859', 'https://openalex.org/W2324544941', 'https://openalex.org/W2324611079', 'https://openalex.org/W2327317124', 'https://openalex.org/W2331532186', 'https://openalex.org/W2331677714', 'https://openalex.org/W2331864795', 'https://openalex.org/W2333742740', 'https://openalex.org/W2334178774', 'https://openalex.org/W2335083751', 'https://openalex.org/W2335680905', 'https://openalex.org/W2343910956', 'https://openalex.org/W2344895282', 'https://openalex.org/W2406280911', 'https://openalex.org/W2463352656', 'https://openalex.org/W2477034484', 'https://openalex.org/W2479881520', 'https://openalex.org/W2493462792', 'https://openalex.org/W2494332863', 'https://openalex.org/W2499544526', 'https://openalex.org/W2500487769', 'https://openalex.org/W2502393144', 'https://openalex.org/W2504111972', 'https://openalex.org/W2504449730', 'https://openalex.org/W2569075229', 'https://openalex.org/W2625682784', 'https://openalex.org/W2796410492', 'https://openalex.org/W2796486573', 'https://openalex.org/W2796657475', 'https://openalex.org/W2797087364', 'https://openalex.org/W2797177057', 'https://openalex.org/W2797483897', 'https://openalex.org/W2797520596', 'https://openalex.org/W2797641584', 'https://openalex.org/W2797668776', 'https://openalex.org/W2798145411', 'https://openalex.org/W2799281023', 'https://openalex.org/W2800306110', 'https://openalex.org/W2800397133', 'https://openalex.org/W2801277167', 'https://openalex.org/W2801495695', 'https://openalex.org/W2802602383', 'https://openalex.org/W2802862303', 'https://openalex.org/W2902312967', 'https://openalex.org/W2902709063', 'https://openalex.org/W2902893368', 'https://openalex.org/W2948421281', 'https://openalex.org/W3027482971', 'https://openalex.org/W3142992444', 'https://openalex.org/W3148261194', 'https://openalex.org/W3194438098', 'https://openalex.org/W3195087537', 'https://openalex.org/W3199221101', 'https://openalex.org/W3210927688', 'https://openalex.org/W3215216694', 'https://openalex.org/W3774834', 'https://openalex.org/W390566532', 'https://openalex.org/W4205098818', 'https://openalex.org/W4232856665', 'https://openalex.org/W4234057166', 'https://openalex.org/W4234342224', 'https://openalex.org/W4237884481', 'https://openalex.org/W4239693880', 'https://openalex.org/W4244591668', 'https://openalex.org/W4252345821', 'https://openalex.org/W4252706594', 'https://openalex.org/W4253834755', 'https://openalex.org/W4255793628', 'https://openalex.org/W4256412466', 'https://openalex.org/W429560545', 'https://openalex.org/W4298358019', 'https://openalex.org/W4384879003', 'https://openalex.org/W4384882600', 'https://openalex.org/W4385539199', 'https://openalex.org/W4385539552', 'https://openalex.org/W4391868708', 'https://openalex.org/W567390014', 'https://openalex.org/W567725655', 'https://openalex.org/W568614883', 'https://openalex.org/W578499387', 'https://openalex.org/W623618948', 'https://openalex.org/W632754047', 'https://openalex.org/W633710482', 'https://openalex.org/W659386254', 'https://openalex.org/W853937274'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4388334570', 'https://openalex.org/W4255023625', 'https://openalex.org/W2481715968', 'https://openalex.org/W2417432647', 'https://openalex.org/W2371114124', 'https://openalex.org/W2327817263', 'https://openalex.org/W2168950483', 'https://openalex.org/W2133841150', 'https://openalex.org/W2068270814', 'https://openalex.org/W1975110769'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {"Ch'in": [0, 81, 106], 'long': [1], 'existed': [2, 34], 'as': [3, 11, 40, 110, 120], 'a': [4, 12, 23, 70], 'small': [5], 'state': [6, 140], 'or': [7], 'principality': [8], 'and': [9, 15, 43, 48, 82, 100, 117, 129], 'then': [10], 'major': [13], 'dynasty': [14], 'empire.': [16], 'The': [17, 62, 105], 'Chinese': [18], 'world': [19], 'became': [20], 'divided': [21], 'into': [22], 'multitude': [24], 'of': [25, 58, 72, 78, 102, 114, 141], 'political': [26, 87], 'entities;': [27], 'some': [28], '170': [29], 'are': [30], 'believed': [31], 'to': [32], 'have': [33, 51], 'during': [35], 'the': [36, 41, 55, 59, 75, 86, 111, 115, 136], 'Chou': [37], 'subperiod': [38], 'known': [39, 119], 'Spring': [42], 'Autumn': [44], 'period.': [45], 'Both': [46], 'non-Marxist': [47], 'Marxist': [49], 'historians': [50], 'been': [52, 125, 133], 'exercised': [53], 'over': [54], 'appropriate': [56], 'use': [57], 'term': [60], 'feudalism.': [61], 'improvement': [63], 'in': [64, 127, 135], 'agriculture': [65], 'was': [66], 'probably': [67], 'accompanied': [68, 92], 'by': [69, 93], 'growth': [71], 'population,': [73], 'despite': [74], 'simultaneous': [76], 'intensification': [77], 'warfare.': [79], 'In': [80], 'several': [83], 'contemporary': [84], 'principalities,': [85], 'changes': [88], 'just': [89], 'noted': [90], 'were': [91], 'an': [94], 'evolution': [95], 'toward': [96], 'more': [97], 'sophisticated': [98], 'institutions': [99], 'organs': [101], 'central': [103], 'government.': [104], 'empire': [107], 'is': [108], 'regarded': [109], 'supreme': [112], 'embodiment': [113], 'ideas': [116], 'techniques': [118], 'Legalism.': [121], 'Shang': [122], 'Yang': [123], 'had': [124, 132], 'chancellor': [126, 134], "Ch'in,": [128], 'Shen': [130], 'Pu-hai': [131], 'much': [137], 'smaller': [138], 'neighboring': [139], 'Hann.': [142]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2484072530', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T08:18:36.913152', 'created_date': '2016-08-23'}