Abstract:The cavernous sinus (CS) ipsilateral to the side of the carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is typically enlarged with prominent contrast enhancement, and bilateral CS enlargement may be seen. T2-we...The cavernous sinus (CS) ipsilateral to the side of the carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is typically enlarged with prominent contrast enhancement, and bilateral CS enlargement may be seen. T2-weighted MR images usually show abnormal flow voids within the CS, which may communicate with the cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA). Abnormal hyperintense flow is also present adjacent to the cavernous ICA on TOF MRA and the fistula site may be observed with other high resolution 3D MRI techniques and, usually to a better advantage, with CTA. Asymmetric and/or diminished pituitary gland enhancement may sometimes be observed. Additional imaging findings are primarily intraorbital: enlarged superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), thickened bulky extraocular muscles, proptosis, and intraorbital edema. Signs of intracranial venous congestion with engorged vessels and cerebral venous hypertension with white matter T2 hyperintensity may be present. Definite diagnosis is with cerebral DSA.Read More
Publication Year: 2012
Publication Date: 2012-11-08
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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