Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2478528576', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13493-x', 'title': 'Ultrashort Light Pulses', 'display_name': 'Ultrashort Light Pulses', 'publication_year': 1984, 'publication_date': '1984-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2478528576', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13493-x', 'mag': '2478528576'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13493-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S93884422', 'display_name': 'Topics in applied physics', 'issn_l': '0303-4216', 'issn': ['0303-4216', '1437-0859'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book', 'type_crossref': 'book', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-540-38286-7/1?pdf=chapter%20toc', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028825555', 'display_name': 'S. L. Shapiro', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Stanley L. Shapiro', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5028825555'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.944, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 404, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.762376, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10566', 'display_name': 'Attosecond Physics and Optics', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10566', 'display_name': 'Attosecond Physics and Optics', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10988', 'display_name': 'Optical Frequency Combs and Ultrafast Lasers', 'score': 0.9947, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12760', 'display_name': 'Electric Discharge Pumped Lasers', 'score': 0.9821, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrafast-laser-pulses', 'display_name': 'Ultrafast Laser Pulses', 'score': 0.8446}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrafast-lasers', 'display_name': 'Ultrafast Lasers', 'score': 0.717056}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-optics', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear Optics', 'score': 0.602138}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-oscillation', 'display_name': 'Laser Oscillation', 'score': 0.58317}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/femtosecond-science', 'display_name': 'Femtosecond Science', 'score': 0.570734}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45564872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38766068}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3261266}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13493-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S93884422', 'display_name': 'Topics in applied physics', 'issn_l': '0303-4216', 'issn': ['0303-4216', '1437-0859'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13493-X', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-540-38286-7/1?pdf=chapter%20toc', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4308707206', 'display_name': 'Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-13493-X', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-540-38286-7/1?pdf=chapter%20toc', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4308707206', 'display_name': 'Library Union Catalog of Bavaria, Berlin and Brandenburg (B3Kat Repository)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.46}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 7, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1538601014', 'https://openalex.org/W1997656261', 'https://openalex.org/W2029154961', 'https://openalex.org/W2500486036', 'https://openalex.org/W2500985582', 'https://openalex.org/W4211239324', 'https://openalex.org/W629313822'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W54078636', 'https://openalex.org/W3105167352', 'https://openalex.org/W3084825885', 'https://openalex.org/W2954470139', 'https://openalex.org/W2935759653', 'https://openalex.org/W2902782467', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W1536502753', 'https://openalex.org/W1501425562'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2478528576', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-09T10:03:20.628167', 'created_date': '2016-08-23'}