Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2476762501', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/2636', 'title': 'Applications of Gas Chromatography', 'display_name': 'Applications of Gas Chromatography', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-03-07', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2476762501', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/2636', 'mag': '2476762501'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/2636', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book', 'type_crossref': 'edited-book', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/books/2248/authors_book/authors_book.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060818340', 'display_name': 'Reza Davarnejad', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-5577'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Reza Davarnejad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003487603', 'display_name': 'Mahboubeh Jafarkhani', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mahboubeh Jafarkhani', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.591667, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10908', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography', 'score': 0.9949, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10908', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography', 'score': 0.9949, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203147553', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332584', 'display_name': 'Supercritical fluid chromatography', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.68226534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123460561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677065', 'display_name': 'Gas chromatography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6505674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5268832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179998833', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381233', 'display_name': 'High-performance liquid chromatography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46408364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37533993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.366733}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/2636', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/65701', 'pdf_url': 'https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/books/2248/authors_book/authors_book.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400539', 'display_name': 'Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/65701', 'pdf_url': 'https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/books/2248/authors_book/authors_book.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400539', 'display_name': 'Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 177, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1510828994', 'https://openalex.org/W1551117872', 'https://openalex.org/W1964927990', 'https://openalex.org/W1965135262', 'https://openalex.org/W1965273334', 'https://openalex.org/W1965871616', 'https://openalex.org/W1966099644', 'https://openalex.org/W1966233898', 'https://openalex.org/W1968213483', 'https://openalex.org/W1968222859', 'https://openalex.org/W1970392825', 'https://openalex.org/W1971227019', 'https://openalex.org/W1971874424', 'https://openalex.org/W1972298741', 'https://openalex.org/W1973421925', 'https://openalex.org/W1974038448', 'https://openalex.org/W1977237521', 'https://openalex.org/W1977367108', 'https://openalex.org/W1978709507', 'https://openalex.org/W1978890358', 'https://openalex.org/W1980245408', 'https://openalex.org/W1980687513', 'https://openalex.org/W1981293105', 'https://openalex.org/W1981310364', 'https://openalex.org/W1981443613', 'https://openalex.org/W1983780160', 'https://openalex.org/W1984134831', 'https://openalex.org/W1984733262', 'https://openalex.org/W1984988154', 'https://openalex.org/W1986106956', 'https://openalex.org/W1987185606', 'https://openalex.org/W1988447587', 'https://openalex.org/W1990915193', 'https://openalex.org/W1992607564', 'https://openalex.org/W1992899485', 'https://openalex.org/W1994068105', 'https://openalex.org/W1995001950', 'https://openalex.org/W1995524700', 'https://openalex.org/W1995790242', 'https://openalex.org/W1997069640', 'https://openalex.org/W1997833766', 'https://openalex.org/W1999955246', 'https://openalex.org/W2000366563', 'https://openalex.org/W2000890933', 'https://openalex.org/W2000902253', 'https://openalex.org/W2003184015', 'https://openalex.org/W2004345831', 'https://openalex.org/W2006961456', 'https://openalex.org/W2007329936', 'https://openalex.org/W2007551466', 'https://openalex.org/W2007704766', 'https://openalex.org/W2007727885', 'https://openalex.org/W2008389408', 'https://openalex.org/W2008715297', 'https://openalex.org/W2010834760', 'https://openalex.org/W2011923708', 'https://openalex.org/W2013810657', 'https://openalex.org/W2014338753', 'https://openalex.org/W2014992768', 'https://openalex.org/W2016095467', 'https://openalex.org/W2016298848', 'https://openalex.org/W2018587889', 'https://openalex.org/W2018660115', 'https://openalex.org/W2018880591', 'https://openalex.org/W2020309080', 'https://openalex.org/W2023494841', 'https://openalex.org/W2025015170', 'https://openalex.org/W2025277598', 'https://openalex.org/W2027164311', 'https://openalex.org/W2028399792', 'https://openalex.org/W2030989021', 'https://openalex.org/W2031366555', 'https://openalex.org/W2031396350', 'https://openalex.org/W2032173517', 'https://openalex.org/W2032653688', 'https://openalex.org/W2032892853', 'https://openalex.org/W2033527444', 'https://openalex.org/W2034075504', 'https://openalex.org/W2034467296', 'https://openalex.org/W2034792923', 'https://openalex.org/W2035061844', 'https://openalex.org/W2035284450', 'https://openalex.org/W2035387596', 'https://openalex.org/W2036248987', 'https://openalex.org/W2039779182', 'https://openalex.org/W2041766535', 'https://openalex.org/W2043834843', 'https://openalex.org/W2045137615', 'https://openalex.org/W2046368895', 'https://openalex.org/W2046951752', 'https://openalex.org/W2048201049', 'https://openalex.org/W2050277102', 'https://openalex.org/W2050358799', 'https://openalex.org/W2051020036', 'https://openalex.org/W2052366584', 'https://openalex.org/W2055992437', 'https://openalex.org/W2061778607', 'https://openalex.org/W2062553593', 'https://openalex.org/W2062697188', 'https://openalex.org/W2064527388', 'https://openalex.org/W2066606031', 'https://openalex.org/W2067609112', 'https://openalex.org/W2068257301', 'https://openalex.org/W2071920356', 'https://openalex.org/W2072881564', 'https://openalex.org/W2073562832', 'https://openalex.org/W2073605420', 'https://openalex.org/W2074490147', 'https://openalex.org/W2074675508', 'https://openalex.org/W2075397929', 'https://openalex.org/W2076007531', 'https://openalex.org/W2078562503', 'https://openalex.org/W2080224702', 'https://openalex.org/W2082626420', 'https://openalex.org/W2083655267', 'https://openalex.org/W2086138665', 'https://openalex.org/W2086968728', 'https://openalex.org/W2087070363', 'https://openalex.org/W2088046834', 'https://openalex.org/W2088629328', 'https://openalex.org/W2090109597', 'https://openalex.org/W2090471853', 'https://openalex.org/W2090580868', 'https://openalex.org/W2091783037', 'https://openalex.org/W2093978647', 'https://openalex.org/W2095475112', 'https://openalex.org/W2095547690', 'https://openalex.org/W2098942708', 'https://openalex.org/W2102876329', 'https://openalex.org/W2108700507', 'https://openalex.org/W2127681500', 'https://openalex.org/W2128102972', 'https://openalex.org/W2131234545', 'https://openalex.org/W2135846961', 'https://openalex.org/W2140288099', 'https://openalex.org/W2143237839', 'https://openalex.org/W2145574300', 'https://openalex.org/W2146725564', 'https://openalex.org/W2151345955', 'https://openalex.org/W2164932814', 'https://openalex.org/W2165627542', 'https://openalex.org/W2172367479', 'https://openalex.org/W2295436818', 'https://openalex.org/W2319375915', 'https://openalex.org/W2319982324', 'https://openalex.org/W2324835433', 'https://openalex.org/W2362386159', 'https://openalex.org/W2380290626', 'https://openalex.org/W2460820398', 'https://openalex.org/W2474065681', 'https://openalex.org/W2554770807', 'https://openalex.org/W2596482383', 'https://openalex.org/W2804100748', 'https://openalex.org/W2920937317', 'https://openalex.org/W2949110229', 'https://openalex.org/W2949204742', 'https://openalex.org/W2949890524', 'https://openalex.org/W2950195851', 'https://openalex.org/W2950961169', 'https://openalex.org/W2951525472', 'https://openalex.org/W2951604516', 'https://openalex.org/W2952002072', 'https://openalex.org/W4212807842', 'https://openalex.org/W4231349659', 'https://openalex.org/W4235704124', 'https://openalex.org/W4236145223', 'https://openalex.org/W4236764928', 'https://openalex.org/W4251176135', 'https://openalex.org/W4254162273', 'https://openalex.org/W4254760329', 'https://openalex.org/W4298839298', 'https://openalex.org/W4320303409', 'https://openalex.org/W561493202', 'https://openalex.org/W606133901', 'https://openalex.org/W609368393', 'https://openalex.org/W612728034', 'https://openalex.org/W618855134'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4387497383', 'https://openalex.org/W2948807893', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2884775158', 'https://openalex.org/W2778153218', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2607424097', 'https://openalex.org/W2398689458', 'https://openalex.org/W2026391790', 'https://openalex.org/W1531601525'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'valuable': [1], 'book': [2, 77], 'aims': [3], 'to': [4, 69], 'provide': [5], 'a': [6, 71], 'connection': [7], 'between': [8], 'various': [9], 'chromatography': [10, 44, 47, 73], 'techniques': [11, 18, 48], 'and': [12, 25, 57, 66], 'different': [13], 'processes.': [14, 27], 'Authors': [15], 'applied': [16], 'these': [17], 'in': [19, 82], 'supercritical': [20], 'technology,': [21], 'medical,': [22], 'environmental,': [23], 'physique': [24], 'chemical': [26], 'Most': [28], 'of': [29], 'them': [30], 'prepared': [31], 'mathematical': [32], 'support': [33], '(such': [34, 49], 'as': [35, 50], 'correlation)': [36], 'for': [37], 'their': [38], 'original': [39], 'results': [40], 'obtained': [41], 'from': [42], 'the': [43, 79], 'techniques.': [45], 'Since': [46], 'GC,': [51], 'HPLC': [52], '&': [53], 'etc)': [54], 'are': [55], 'separating': [56], 'analyzing': [58], 'methods,': [59], 'this': [60, 76, 83], 'chapters': [61], 'will': [62], 'help': [63], 'other': [64], 'researchers': [65], 'young': [67], 'scientists': [68], 'choose': [70], 'suitable': [72], 'technique.': [74], 'Furthermore,': [75], 'illustrates': [78], 'newest': [80], 'challenges': [81], 'area.': [84]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2476762501', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-19T15:08:42.328878', 'created_date': '2016-08-23'}