Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2470106531', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1244', 'title': 'Response of Visual Cortical Neurons of the cat to moving sinusoidal gratings: response-contrast functions and spatiotemporal interactions', 'display_name': 'Response of Visual Cortical Neurons of the cat to moving sinusoidal gratings: response-contrast functions and spatiotemporal interactions', 'publication_year': 1981, 'publication_date': '1981-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2470106531', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1244', 'mag': '2470106531', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7320745'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1244', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S142952003', 'display_name': 'Journal of Neurophysiology', 'issn_l': '0022-3077', 'issn': ['0022-3077', '1522-1598'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320155', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physiological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320155'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physiological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078682565', 'display_name': 'RICHARD HOLUB', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. A. Holub', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048580508', 'display_name': 'M. Morton-Gibson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Morton-Gibson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.259, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 137, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.948651, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '46', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '1244', 'last_page': '1259'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10427', 'display_name': 'Visual perception and processing mechanisms', 'score': 0.9955, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10427', 'display_name': 'Visual perception and processing mechanisms', 'score': 0.9955, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10691', 'display_name': 'Retinal Development and Disorders', 'score': 0.9917, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neural dynamics and brain function', 'score': 0.9889, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology', 'display_name': 'Neurophysiology', 'score': 0.7707795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-neurophysiology', 'display_name': 'Clinical neurophysiology', 'score': 0.5386422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus', 'display_name': 'Stimulus (psychology)', 'score': 0.5316323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/summation', 'display_name': 'Summation', 'score': 0.418275}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C152478114', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910', 'display_name': 'Neurophysiology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7707795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6139104}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779345533', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785', 'display_name': 'Visual cortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5778832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129692064', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771886', 'display_name': 'Clinical neurophysiology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5386422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779918689', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842', 'display_name': 'Stimulus (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5316323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42477548}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63405582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2365287', 'display_name': 'Summation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.418275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C522805319', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965', 'display_name': 'Electroencephalography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.31018078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.106306106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24998067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622', 'display_name': 'Stimulation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005556', 'descriptor_name': 'Form Perception', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009039', 'descriptor_name': 'Motion Perception', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010364', 'descriptor_name': 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013028', 'descriptor_name': 'Space Perception', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014793', 'descriptor_name': 'Visual Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002415', 'descriptor_name': 'Cats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005074', 'descriptor_name': 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005556', 'descriptor_name': 'Form Perception', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009039', 'descriptor_name': 'Motion Perception', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010364', 'descriptor_name': 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013028', 'descriptor_name': 'Space Perception', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014793', 'descriptor_name': 'Visual Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1244', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S142952003', 'display_name': 'Journal of Neurophysiology', 'issn_l': '0022-3077', 'issn': ['0022-3077', '1522-1598'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320155', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physiological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320155'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physiological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7320745', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W632137039', 'https://openalex.org/W598525736', 'https://openalex.org/W4253332123', 'https://openalex.org/W4245087205', 'https://openalex.org/W4240677075', 'https://openalex.org/W4235101736', 'https://openalex.org/W3010245533', 'https://openalex.org/W2051756354', 'https://openalex.org/W1933271269', 'https://openalex.org/W1244902397'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ArticlesResponse': [0], 'of': [1, 5, 59, 80, 86, 116, 123, 142, 169, 202, 208, 223, 231, 237, 259, 265, 288, 295, 298, 301, 320, 328, 334, 355, 367, 383, 390, 403, 428, 435, 457, 466, 471, 476, 485, 525, 534, 545, 577, 588], 'Visual': [2, 187, 213, 276, 391], 'Cortical': [3], 'Neurons': [4, 230, 300, 327], 'the': [6, 238, 335, 458, 507, 523, 651], 'cat': [7, 52, 592], 'to': [8, 35, 43, 125, 182, 307, 412, 547], 'moving': [9], 'sinusoidal': [10], 'gratings:': [11], 'response-contrast': [12], 'functions': [13], 'and': [14, 19, 24, 72, 108, 134, 161, 194, 216, 233, 251, 269, 280, 312, 330, 347, 375, 395, 409, 420, 491, 502, 519, 537, 551, 564, 567, 609, 633], 'spatiotemporal': [15], 'interactionsR.': [16], 'A.': [17, 22, 64, 156, 159, 243, 345], 'Holub,': [18, 23], 'M.': [20, 25, 106, 162, 253, 349], 'Morton-GibsonR.': [21], 'Morton-GibsonPublished': [26], 'Online:01': [27], 'Dec': [28], '1981https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1244MoreSectionsPDF': [29], '(3': [30], 'MB)Download': [31], 'PDF': [32, 47], 'ToolsExport': [33], 'citationAdd': [34], 'favoritesGet': [36], 'permissionsTrack': [37], 'citations': [38], 'ShareShare': [39], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat': [40], 'Previous': [41], 'Back': [42], 'Top': [44], 'Next': [45], 'Download': [46], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation': [48], 'Cited': [49], 'ByNeurons': [50], 'in': [51, 128, 185, 211, 273, 364, 415, 453, 506, 549, 562, 581, 591, 606, 661], 'V1': [53, 299], 'show': [54], 'significant': [55], 'clustering': [56], 'by': [57, 90], 'degree': [58], 'tuningAvi': [60], 'J.': [61, 103, 192, 278, 373, 397], 'Ziskind,': [62], 'Al': [63], 'Emondi*,': [65], 'Andrei': [66], 'V.': [67], 'Kurgansky*,': [68], 'Sergei': [69], 'P.': [70], 'Rebrik,': [71], 'Kenneth': [73, 376], 'D.': [74, 136, 189, 313, 377], 'Miller1': [75, 378], 'April': [76], '2015': [77], '|': [78, 114, 140, 167, 200, 221, 257, 286, 318, 353, 381, 401, 426], 'Journal': [79, 115, 141, 168, 201, 222, 258, 287, 319, 354, 382, 402, 427], 'Neurophysiology,': [81, 117, 143, 170, 203, 224, 260, 289, 321, 356, 384, 404, 429], 'Vol.': [82, 118, 144, 171, 204, 225, 261, 290, 322, 357, 385, 405, 430, 447, 461, 480, 495, 514, 529, 540, 555, 573, 583, 597, 612, 622], '113,': [83], 'No.': [84, 120, 146, 173, 206, 227, 263, 292, 324, 359, 387, 407, 432, 449, 463, 482, 497, 516, 531, 542, 557, 575, 585, 599, 614, 624], '7Separability': [85], 'stimulus': [87], 'parameter': [88], 'encoding': [89], 'on-off': [91], 'directionally': [92], 'selective': [93], 'rabbit': [94], 'retinal': [95], 'ganglion': [96], 'cellsPrzemyslaw': [97], 'Nowak,': [98], 'Allan': [99], 'C.': [100, 393], 'Dobbins,': [101], 'Timothy': [102], 'Gawne,': [104], 'Norberto': [105], 'Grzywacz,': [107], 'Franklin': [109], 'R.': [110, 163], 'Amthor1': [111], 'May': [112, 379], '2011': [113], '105,': [119], '5Speed': [121], 'Dependence': [122], 'Tuning': [124, 272], 'One-Dimensional': [126], 'Features': [127], 'V1Ferenc': [129], 'Mechler,': [130], 'Ifije': [131], 'E.': [132], 'Ohiorhenuan,': [133], 'Jonathan': [135], 'Victor1': [137], 'March': [138], '2007': [139, 166], '97,': [145, 172], '3Contrast': [147], 'Gain': [148], 'Control': [149], 'Is': [150, 180], 'Drift-Rate': [151], 'Dependent:': [152], 'An': [153], 'Informational': [154], 'AnalysisM.': [155], 'Hietanen,': [157], 'N.': [158], 'Crowder,': [160], 'Ibbotson1': [164], 'February': [165], '2Orientation': [174], 'Tuning,': [175], 'But': [176], 'Not': [177], 'Direction': [178], 'Selectivity,': [179], 'Invariant': [181], 'Temporal': [183, 235, 270, 332], 'Frequency': [184, 240, 271], 'Primary': [186, 212, 275], 'CortexBartlett': [188], 'Moore,': [190], 'Henry': [191], 'Alitto,': [193, 279], 'W.': [195, 281], 'Martin': [196, 282], 'Usrey1': [197, 283], 'August': [198, 351], '2005': [199, 220], '94,': [205, 226], '2Mapping': [207], 'Stimulus': [209], 'Energy': [210], 'CortexValerio': [214], 'Mante,': [215], 'Matteo': [217], 'Carandini1': [218], 'July': [219], '1Visual': [228], 'Cortex': [229, 326], 'Monkeys': [232, 329], 'Cats:': [234, 331], 'Dynamics': [236, 333], 'Spatial': [239, 410, 566], 'Response': [241, 337, 411], 'FunctionRobert': [242], 'Frazor,': [244, 346], 'Duane': [245], 'G.': [246, 339], 'Albrecht,': [247, 340], 'Wilson': [248, 341], 'S.': [249, 342], 'Geisler,': [250, 343], 'Alison': [252, 348], 'Crane1': [254, 350], 'June': [255, 284, 399], '2004': [256, 285], '91,': [262, 291], '6Influence': [264], 'Contrast': [266, 336], 'on': [267, 468, 522], 'Orientation': [268, 369], 'Ferret': [274], 'CortexHenry': [277], '6Spatial': [293], 'Organization': [294], 'Receptive': [296], 'Fields': [297], 'Alert': [302], 'Monkeys:': [303], 'Comparison': [304], 'With': [305], 'Responses': [306], 'GratingsIgor': [308], 'Kagan,': [309], 'Moshe': [310], 'Gur,': [311], 'Max': [314], 'Snodderly1': [315], 'November': [316], '2002': [317, 352], '88,': [323, 358], '5Visual': [325], 'FunctionDuane': [338], 'Robert': [344], '2Contrast-Dependent': [360], 'Nonlinearities': [361], 'Arise': [362], 'Locally': [363], 'a': [365, 441, 474, 510], 'Model': [366], 'Contrast-Invariant': [368], 'TuningAndrew': [370], 'Kayser*,': [371], 'Nicholas': [372], 'Priebe*,': [374], '2001': [380], '85,': [386], '5Task-Related': [388], 'Modulation': [389], 'CortexAlexander': [392], 'Huk,': [394], 'David': [396], 'Heeger1': [398], '2000': [400], '83,': [406], '6Temporal': [408], 'Second-Order': [413], 'Stimuli': [414], 'Cat': [416], 'Area': [417], '18Isabelle': [418], 'Mareschal,': [419], 'Curtis': [421], 'L.': [422], 'Baker1': [423], 'December': [424, 658, 664], '1998': [425], '80,': [431], '6Antagonistic': [433], 'comparison': [434], 'temporal': [436, 535, 568, 607, 634], 'frequency': [437, 451, 536, 608], 'filter': [438], 'outputs': [439], 'as': [440], 'basis': [442, 524], 'for': [443, 629], 'speed': [444], 'perceptionVision': [445], 'Research,': [446, 460, 479, 494, 528, 539, 554, 572, 596, 611, 621], '34,': [448], '2Spatio-temporal': [450], 'separability': [452, 533, 587], 'area': [454], '18': [455], 'neurons': [456], 'catVision': [459], '33,': [462, 481], '13The': [464], 'effect': [465], 'transiency': [467], 'perceived': [469], 'velocity': [470, 601], 'visual': [472, 487, 508, 578, 630], 'patterns:': [473], 'case': [475], '“temporal': [477], 'capture”Vision': [478], '5-6Temporal': [483], 'properties': [484], 'human': [486], 'filters:': [488], 'number,': [489], 'shapes': [490], 'spatial': [492, 632], 'covariationVision': [493], '32,': [496], '1Energy': [498], 'filters,': [499], 'motion': [500, 503, 548, 579, 617], 'uncertainty,': [501], 'sensitive': [504], 'cells': [505, 521], 'cortex:': [509], 'mathematical': [511], 'analysisBiological': [512], 'Cybernetics,': [513], '65,': [515], '6Classifying': [517], 'simple': [518], 'complex': [520], 'response': [526], 'modulationVision': [527], '31,': [530, 541, 556], '7-8The': [532], 'velocityVision': [538], '2The': [543], 'contribution': [544], 'color': [546], 'normal': [550], 'color-deficient': [552], 'observersVision': [553], '12Visual': [558], 'cortical': [559], 'receptive': [560], 'fields': [561], 'monkey': [563], 'cat:': [565], 'phase': [569], 'transfer': [570], 'functionVision': [571], '29,': [574], '10Principles': [576], 'detectionTrends': [580], 'Neurosciences,': [582], '12,': [584], '8Space-time': [586], 'direction': [589], 'selectivity': [590], 'striate': [593], 'cortex': [594], 'neuronsVision': [595], '28,': [598], '2Precise': [600], 'discrimination': [602], 'despite': [603], 'random': [604], 'variations': [605], 'contrastVision': [610], '26,': [613], '4Biological': [615], 'image': [616], 'processing:': [618], 'A': [619], 'reviewVision': [620], '25,': [623], '5A': [625], 'common': [626], 'theoretical': [627], 'framework': [628], "motion's": [631], 'coherence': [635], 'More': [636], 'from': [637], 'this': [638], 'issue': [639], '>': [640], 'Volume': [641], '46Issue': [642], '6December': [643], '1981Pages': [644], '1244-1259': [645], 'Copyright': [646], '&': [647], 'PermissionsCopyright': [648], '©': [649], '1981': [650, 659, 665], 'American': [652], 'Physiological': [653], 'Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.6.1244PubMed7320745History': [654], 'Published': [655, 660], 'online': [656], '1': [657, 663], 'print': [662], 'Metrics': [666]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2470106531', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T16:02:12.936106', 'created_date': '2016-07-22'}