Publication Information

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1014, 1093, 1157, 1216, 1243, 1392, 1414], 'cardiovascular': [308, 481, 495, 643, 761, 993, 1394], 'system': [309, 994, 1395], 'toxic': [311, 863], 'but': [313], 'also': [314, 1036, 1149, 1321], 'be': [316, 1311, 1322, 1334], 'aware': [317], 'management': [319, 1229, 1248], 'strategies.See': [320], "Editor's": [321], 'Perspective': [322], 'by': [323], 'Asirvatham': [324, 1780], 'StevensonCaseA': [326], '29-year-old': [327], 'female': [328], 'patient': [329, 395, 441, 455, 779, 875, 897, 1368], 'history': [332], 'severe': [334, 757], 'depression': [335], 'prior': [337], 'suicide': [338], 'attempts': [339], 'presented': [340], 'Emergency': [343], 'after': [345, 816, 828, 855, 873, 888, 911, 940], 'ingestion': [346], '≈36': [348], '40': [350], 'g': [351, 542], 'caffeine.': [353, 374], 'Before': [354], 'arrival,': [355], 'she': [356], 'admitted': [357, 806, 900], 'taking': [359, 377], '180': [360, 404], '200': [362], 'pills': [363], 'NoDoz': [365], 'brand': [366], 'each': [368], 'pill': [369], 'containing': [370], '≈200': [371], 'mg': [372, 451, 554], 'She': [375, 804], 'denied': [376], 'any': [378], 'additional': [379], 'prescription': [380], 'medications': [381], 'or': [382, 517, 526, 605, 1446], 'substances': [383], 'other': [384], 'than': [385], 'pills.On': [388], 'presentation': [389, 941], 'emergency': [392], 'room,': [393], 'had': [396], 'sinus': [397, 524, 782, 918, 944], 'tachycardia': [398, 467, 516, 525, 590, 598, 613, 662], 'rates': [400], 'between': [401, 513], '160': [402], 'beats/min,': [405, 789], 'mild': [406], 'hypotension': [407, 1151], 'blood': [410, 680, 714, 1342], 'pressure': [411], '90': [414], 'mm': [415, 575, 688, 692], 'Hg': [416], 'systolic': [417], 'range,': [418], 'tachypnea': [419], '25': [421], '30': [423], 'breaths/min,': [424], 'oxygen': [427], 'saturation': [428], '98%': [430], '100%': [432, 960], 'FiO2': [433], 'via': [434, 560, 1047, 1152], 'Venti-mask.': [435], 'During': [436], 'initial': [438, 618], 'assessment,': [439], 'lost': [442], 'consciousness,': [443], 'seizure-like': [445], 'activity': [446, 1085], 'prompting': [447], 'treatment': [448, 530, 932, 1239, 1526], '2': [450, 541, 547, 954], 'intravenous': [452, 544, 555, 655, 1438], 'lorazepam.': [453], 'The': [454, 896, 987, 1233, 1383], 'was': [456, 566, 731, 747, 765, 805, 857, 876, 890, 898], 'placed': [457], 'cardiac': [460, 809, 1071, 1127, 1207, 1470], 'monitor,': [461], 'which': [462, 507, 1011, 1065, 1178], 'revealed': [463, 615, 673], 'recurrent': [464], 'polymorphic': [465, 514], '(Figure': [468, 474, 591, 802, 894], '1)': [469], 'subsequent': [471, 1289, 1301], '2)': [475], 'requiring': [476], 'immediate': [477], 'initiation': [478, 640], 'advanced': [480, 494, 642], 'life': [482, 496, 644], 'support,': [483], 'inclusive': [484], 'multiple': [486, 1370], 'external': [487], 'defibrillations,': [488], 'intubation,': [489], 'IV': [491], 'epinephrine': [492], 'per': [493], 'protocol.': [498], 'Resuscitation': [499], 'efforts': [500], 'were': [501, 836, 1386], 'administered': [502, 1312], '≈1': [504], 'hour': [505, 971], 'during': [506, 616, 670], 'time': [508], "patient's": [510, 756], 'rhythm': [511, 658, 783, 919, 945], 'alternated': [512], 'brief': [521], 'periods': [522], 'atrial': [527], 'fibrillation.': [528], 'Additional': [529, 698, 1317], 'modalities': [531], 'included': [532, 701], 'total': [534], '5': [536, 886, 938], 'amps': [537], 'sodium': [539, 705], 'bicarbonate,': [540], 'magnesium': [545, 726], 'sulfate,': [546], 'intralipid': [548, 648, 844, 1286, 1430], 'infusions': [549, 845], '(115': [550], 'mL': [551], 'total),': [552], '150': [553], 'amiodarone,': [556, 650], 'activated': [558, 1428], 'charcoal': [559], 'orogastric': [562], 'tube.': [563], 'Intravenous': [564, 1304], 'norepinephrine': [565, 814, 1332], 'required': [567], 'maintain': [569], 'mean': [570], 'arterial': [571], 'pressures': [572], 'above': [573, 861], '65': [574], 'Hg.': [576], 'Ultimately,': [577], 'addition': [579], 'esmolol': [582, 654], 'infusion': [583, 1431, 1536], 'led': [584, 1280], 'stabilized': [586, 659, 877], 'rhythms': [587], '3)': [592], 'episodes': [594, 1371], 'nonsustained': [596], 'did': [600], 'require': [602], 'further': [603, 825, 1253, 1297], 'defibrillation': [604], 'cardiopulmonary': [606], 'resuscitation.Download': [607], 'figureDownload': [608, 623, 636, 906, 927], 'PowerPointFigure': [609, 624, 637, 907, 928], '1.': [610], 'Polymorphic': [611], '(VT)': [614], 'signs': [619], 'hemodynamic': [621, 634, 1364], 'compromise.Download': [622], '2.': [625], 'Degeneration': [626], 'into': [627, 633], '(VF)': [630], 'subsequently': [632, 732], 'collapse.Download': [635], '3.': [638], 'Following': [639], '(ACLS)': [646], 'protocol,': [647], 'infusion,': [649, 1287], 'magnesium,': [651], 'finally,': [653], 'drip,': [656], '(SVT)': [663], 'diffuse': [665], 'ST-T': [666], 'wave': [667], 'abnormalities.Laboratory': [668], 'obtained': [669, 852, 870, 885, 910], 'resuscitation': [672, 1306, 1440], 'profound': [674], 'ongoing': [676], 'metabolic': [677], 'acidosis.': [678], 'Arterial': [679], 'gas': [681], 'demonstrated': [682, 878, 942], 'pH': [684], '6.94,': [685], 'PCO2': [686], '44': [687], 'Hg,': [689, 693], 'PO2': [690], '408': [691], 'HCO3': [695], '9.5': [696], 'mmol/L.': [697], 'serum': [699], 'values': [700], 'lactate': [702], '29.4': [703], 'mmol/L,': [704, 707, 710, 713], '144': [706], 'potassium': [708], '3.3': [709], 'bicarbonate': [711], '10': [712], 'urea': [715], 'nitrogen': [716], '17': [717], 'mg/dL,': [718, 721, 724], 'creatinine': [719], '1.0': [720], 'calcium': [722, 1050], '10.3': [723], '2.6': [727], 'mg/dL.': [728], 'Urine': [729], 'toxicology': [730, 746], 'reported': [733], 'negative': [734], 'amphetamines,': [736], 'barbiturates,': [737], 'benzodiazepines,': [738], 'cocaine,': [739], 'cannabinoids,': [740], 'opioids,': [741], 'phencyclidine,': [742], 'methadone.': [744], 'Serum': [745], 'unremarkable': [748], 'salicylate,': [750], 'acetaminophen,': [751], 'ethanol': [753], 'levels.Given': [754], 'acidosis,': [758], 'hemodynamic,': [759], 'instability,': [762], 'decision': [764], 'made': [766], 'initiate': [768], 'emergent': [769], 'continuous': [770], 'veno-venous': [771], 'hemodialysis.': [772, 832], 'After': [773, 930], '4': [774, 912], 'hours': [775, 822, 854, 872, 913], 'hemodialysis,': [777, 1433], 'remained': [780], 'rate': [786, 1028], '80': [788], 'QTc': [790], '455': [792], 'ms,': [793], 'slightly': [795], 'prolonged': [796], 'PR': [797], 'interval': [798], '217': [800], 'ms': [801], '4).': [803], 'care': [810], 'unit,': [811], 'weaned': [812], 'from': [813, 1499], '24': [817], 'hours,': [818, 957], 'extubated': [820], '48': [821], 'later.': [823], 'No': [824], 'arrhythmias': [826, 1385], 'occurred': [827], 'completion': [829], 'Although': [833], 'levels': [835, 1075], 'sent': [837], 'before': [838], 'dialysis,': [839], 'lipemic': [840], 'samples': [841], 'because': [842, 1396], 'prohibited': [846], 'analysis.': [847], 'level': [851], '≈24': [853], 'dialysis': [856], '33': [858], 'μg/mL,': [859], 'threshold': [864], 'laboratory.': [867], 'An': [868, 883], 'echocardiogram': [869], '≈12': [871], 'structurally': [880], 'normal': [881, 892, 917, 943], 'heart.': [882], 'EKG': [884], 'days': [887, 939], 'admission': [889], 'within': [891, 969], 'limits': [893], '5).': [895], 'ultimately': [899, 1210], 'inpatient': [903], 'psychiatric': [904], 'facility.Download': [905], '4.': [908], 'Electrocardiogram': [909], 'hemodialysis': [915, 1290], 'demonstrating': [916], 'first': [922], 'degree': [923], 'atrioventricular': [924], 'nodal': [925], 'block.Download': [926], '5.': [929], 'successful': [931, 1282], 'recovery,': [934], 'electrocardiogram': [936], 'performed': [937], 'without': [946], 'underlying': [947], 'conduction': [948], 'abnormalities.DiscussionCaffeine': [949], 'half-life': [952], '12': [956], 'nearly': [959], 'bioavailable,': [961], 'reaches': [963], 'maximal': [964], 'concentrations': [965], 'body': [968], 'ingestion.': [973], 'relatively': [977], 'low': [978, 983], 'volume': [979], 'distribution': [981], 'plasma': [984], 'protein': [985], 'binding.': [986], 'summarized': [996], 'Table.': [998], 'nonselective': [1002], 'competitive': [1003, 1097, 1108], 'antagonist': [1004], 'adenosine': [1006, 1079, 1186, 1398], 'receptors': [1007, 1023, 1187, 1215], '(A1': [1008], 'A2A),': [1010], 'myocardium': [1016], 'coronary': [1018], 'endothelium.': [1019], 'Antagonism': [1020], 'these': [1022], 'results': [1024], 'decreased': [1026, 1206], 'heart': [1027], 'positive': [1030], 'chronotropic': [1031], 'dromotropic': [1033], 'effects.': [1034], 'acts': [1037], 'phosphodiesterase': [1040, 1404], 'inhibitor': [1041], 'cause': [1043, 1069], 'significant': [1044], 'inotropic': [1045], 'calcium-induced': [1049], 'release': [1051, 1498], 'process.': [1052], 'As': [1053], 'metabolized': [1056], 'liver,': [1059], 'converted': [1062], 'theophylline,': [1064], 'turn': [1067], 'adverse': [1070], 'high': [1074], 'through': [1076], 'blockade': [1077, 1184], 'receptors,': [1080], 'resulting': [1081], 'adrenergic': [1084, 1257], 'catecholamine': [1088, 1189, 1401, 1497], 'release.2Table.': [1089], 'Effects': [1090], 'SystemLocationReceptorMechanismResponseMyocardiumA1Nonselective': [1096], 'antagonism(+)': [1098, 1105, 1109], 'Chronotropy(+)': [1099], 'Dromotropyβ1Stimulation': [1100], 'sympathetic': [1102, 1118], 'NSDecreased': [1103], 'COPDENonselective': [1104], 'InotropyCoronary': [1106], 'endotheliumA2ANonselective': [1107], 'Coronary': [1110], 'vasoconstrictionVascular': [1111], 'smooth': [1112, 1160], 'muscleMLCKDirect': [1113], 'inhibition,': [1114, 1405], 'increases': [1115, 1188, 1327], 'MLCPVasodilationβ2Stimulation': [1116], 'NSVasodilationEndotheliumRyanodineProduction': [1119], 'NOVasodilationA': [1121], 'indicates': [1122], 'adenosine;': [1123], 'β,': [1124], 'beta;': [1125], 'CO,': [1126], 'output;': [1128], 'MLCK,': [1129], 'myosin': [1130, 1135, 1166], 'light': [1131, 1136, 1167], 'chain': [1132, 1137, 1168], 'kinase;': [1133], 'MLCP,': [1134], 'phosphatase;': [1138], 'NO,': [1139], 'nitric': [1140, 1174], 'oxide;': [1141], 'NS,': [1142], 'nervous': [1143], 'system;': [1144], 'PDE,': [1146], 'phosphodiesterase.Caffeine': [1147], 'precipitates': [1150], 'direct': [1153], 'indirect': [1155], 'mechanisms': [1156], 'vascular': [1159, 1328], 'muscle': [1161], 'cells.': [1162], 'directly': [1164], 'inhibits': [1165], 'kinase': [1169], 'indirectly': [1171], 'activates': [1172], 'oxide': [1175], 'synthase': [1176], 'enzyme,': [1177], 'leads': [1179, 1199], 'vasodilation.': [1181], 'Furthermore,': [1182], 'release,': [1190, 1402], 'stimulating': [1191], 'β-1': [1192], 'β-2': [1194, 1214], 'receptors.': [1195], 'Beta-1': [1196], 'receptor': [1197, 1325], 'stimulation': [1198, 1326], 'incomplete': [1202], 'diastolic': [1203], 'filling': [1204], 'times,': [1205], 'output,': [1208], 'hypotension.': [1211, 1265, 1316], 'Stimulation': [1212], 'peripheral': [1218], 'vasculature': [1219], 'adds': [1220], 'vasodilatory': [1223], 'effects.Currently,': [1224], 'no': [1227], 'standardized': [1228], 'overdose.': [1232, 1382], 'literature': [1234], 'consists': [1235], 'different': [1238], 'strategies': [1240], 'vary': [1242], 'case-to-case': [1245], 'basis.': [1246], 'Effective': [1247], 'should': [1249, 1412], 'address': [1250], 'prevention': [1251], 'metabolism,': [1254], 'overwhelming': [1256], 'surge,': [1258], 'multifactorial': [1261], 'etiologies': [1262], 'caffeine-induced': [1264], 'Blockade': [1266], 'hyperadrenergic': [1269, 1417], 'response': [1270, 1418], 'short': [1272], 'acting': [1273], 'B1': [1274], 'antagonists,': [1275], 'such': [1276, 1443], 'esmolol,': [1278], 'outcomes.': [1283], 'Activated': [1284], 'charcoal,': [1285, 1429], 'all': [1292], 'useful': [1293], 'interventions': [1294], 'prevent': [1296], 'metabolism': [1299], 'systemic': [1302], 'effects.3': [1303], 'fluid': [1305, 1309, 1439], 'isotonic': [1308], 'can': [1310, 1333], 'treat': [1314], 'vasopressor': [1318], 'needed.': [1323], 'Alpha-adrenergic': [1324], 'tone.4': [1329], 'Phenylephrine': [1330], 'used': [1335], 'obtain': [1337], 'α-1': [1338], 'agonism': [1339], 'improve': [1341], 'pressure.': [1343], 'Phenylephrine,': [1344], 'particular,': [1346], 'beneficial': [1348], 'both': [1353], 'potent': [1355], 'alpha': [1356], 'agonist': [1357], 'causes': [1359], 'reflex': [1360], 'bradycardia': [1361], 'promote': [1363], 'stability.In': [1365], 'summary,': [1366], 'experienced': [1369], 'tachyarrhythmias/fibrillation': [1374], 'setting': [1377], 'isolated': [1379], 'massive': [1380], 'result': [1388], 'antagonism,': [1399], 'endogenous': [1400], 'leading': [1406], 'cAMP': [1409], 'availability.': [1410], 'Management': [1411], 'focus': [1413], 'blocking': [1415], 'short-acting': [1421], 'Β1-antagonist,': [1422], 'removal': [1423], 'excess': [1425], 'using': [1427], 'supporting': [1435], 'hemodynamics': [1436], 'vasopressors,': [1442], 'phenylephrine': [1445], 'norepinephrine.DisclosuresNone.FootnotesCorrespondence': [1447], '100': [1455], 'Madison': [1456], 'Ave,': [1457], 'Morristown,': [1458], '07960.': [1460], 'E-mail': [1461], '[email': [1462], 'protected]References1.': [1463], 'Pelchovitz': [1464], 'DJ,': [1465], 'Goldberger': [1466], 'JJ.': [1467], 'arrhythmias:': [1471], 'review': [1473], 'evidence.Am': [1476], 'J': [1477, 1539], 'Med.': [1478, 1541, 1558], '2011;': [1479], '124:284–289.': [1480], 'doi:': [1481, 1544], '10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.10.017.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1482], 'Scholar2.': [1483], 'Benowitz': [1484], 'NL,': [1485], 'Osterloh': [1486], 'J,': [1487, 1520, 1522, 1571], 'Goldschlager': [1488], 'N,': [1489], 'Kaysen': [1490], 'G,': [1491], 'Pond': [1492], 'S,': [1493, 1512, 1697], 'Forhan': [1494], 'S.': [1495], 'Massive': [1496], 'poisoning.JAMA.': [1501], '1982;': [1502], '248:1097–1098.CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [1503], 'Scholar3.': [1504], 'Schmidt': [1505], 'M,': [1506, 1514, 1597], 'Farna': [1507], 'H,': 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'Intoxication:': [1585], 'Unregulated,': [1586], 'Over-the-Counter': [1587], 'Sale': [1588], 'Potentially': [1590], 'Deadly': [1591], 'Supplements,': [1592], 'Cureus,': [1593], '10.7759/cureus.21045': [1594], 'Varak': [1595], 'Neshin': [1596], 'Sanavi': [1598, 1602], 'Khoshnood': [1599], 'Khoshnoud': [1603], 'D': [1604], '(2022)': [1605], 'Surfactant': [1606], 'assisted': [1607], 'magnetic': [1608], 'dispersive': [1609], 'micro': [1610], 'solid': [1611], 'phase': [1612], 'extraction-HPLC': [1613], 'straightforward': [1616], 'green': [1618], 'procedure': [1619], 'preconcentrating': [1621], 'determining': [1623], 'Caffeine,': [1624], 'Lidocaine,': [1625], 'Chlorpromazine': [1627], 'biological': [1629], 'water': [1631], 'samples,': [1632], 'International': [1633], 'Journal': [1634, 1680], 'Environmental': [1636], 'Analytical': [1637], 'Chemistry,': [1638], '10.1080/03067319.2021.2014473,': [1639], '(1-18)': [1640], '(Yu': [1641], 'Kurachi)': [1642], '倉,': [1643], '(Kenichiro': [1644], 'Uchida)': [1645], '内,': [1646], '(Shinichiro': [1647], 'Kaga)': [1648], '加,': [1649], '(Tomohiro': [1650], 'Noda)': [1651], '野,': [1652], '(Tetsuro': [1653], 'Nishimura)': [1654], '西,': [1655], '(Hiromasa': [1656], 'Yamamoto)': [1657], '山': [1658], '(Yasumitsu': [1660], 'Mizobata)': [1661], '溝': [1662], '(2020)': [1663, 1703], 'カフェイン中毒に伴う致死性不整脈への対応—塩酸ランジオロールの有効性—(Treatment': [1664], 'strategy': [1665], 'related': [1668], 'fatal': [1669], 'arrhythmia:': [1670], 'efficacy': [1672], 'landiolol': [1674], 'hydrochloride),': [1675], 'Nihon': [1676], 'Kyukyu': [1677], 'Igakukai': [1678], 'Zasshi:': [1679], 'Japanese': [1682], 'Association': [1683], 'Acute': [1685], '10.1002/jja2.12496,': [1687], '31:12,': [1688], '(2439-2443),': [1689], 'Online': [1690, 1716, 1743, 1776, 1795], 'publication': [1691, 1717, 1744, 1777, 1796], 'date:': [1692, 1718, 1745, 1778, 1797], '1-Dec-2020.': [1693], 'Harsten': [1694], 'R,': [1695], 'Tetlow': [1696], 'Chan': [1698], 'T': [1699], 'Ankuli': [1701], 'Intralipid': [1704], 'haemodialysis': [1706], 'overdose,': [1709, 1762, 1770], 'BMJ': [1710, 1763], 'Case': [1711, 1764], 'Reports,': [1712, 1765], '10.1136/bcr-2020-234256,': [1713], '13:5,': [1714], '(e234256),': [1715], '1-May-2020.': [1719], 'Sahashi': [1720], 'Y,': [1721], 'Naruse': [1722], 'G': [1723], 'Okura': [1725], 'H': [1726], '(2019)': [1727], 'Three': [1728], 'Different': [1729], 'Types': [1730], 'Tachyarrhythmia': [1732], 'QT': [1734], 'Prolongation': [1735], 'Suicide': [1738], 'Attempt,': [1739], 'Circulation,': [1740], '139:23,': [1741], '(2703-2706),': [1742], '4-Jun-2019.': [1746], 'Andrade': [1747], 'Pedro': [1751], 'M': [1752, 1755], 'Fernandes': [1754], '(2018)': [1756], 'Dangerous': [1757], 'mistake:': [1758], 'accidental': [1760], '10.1136/bcr-2018-224185,': [1766], '(bcr-2018-224185)': [1767], '(2016)': [1768, 1785], 'Reactions': [1771], 'Weekly,': [1772], '10.1007/s40278-016-21235-y,': [1773], '1619:1,': [1774], '(52-52),': [1775], '1-Sep-2016.': [1779], 'S': [1781], 'Stevenson': [1783], 'W': [1784], 'Multiple': [1786], 'Concurrent': [1788], 'Arrhythmia,': [1789], 'Circulation:': [1790], 'Electrophysiology,': [1793], '9:7,': [1794], '1-Jul-2016.': [1798], 'July': [1799], '2016Vol': [1800], 'Issue': [1802], '7': [1803], 'Advertisement': [1804, 1830], 'Article': [1805], 'InformationMetrics': [1806], '©': [1807], '2016': [1808, 1823], 'American': [1809], 'Heart': [1810], 'Association,': [1811], 'Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.115.003088PMID:': [1812], '27406599': [1813], 'Manuscript': [1814], 'receivedApril': [1815], '14,': [1816], '2015Manuscript': [1817], 'acceptedAugust': [1818], '20,': [1819], '2015Originally': [1820], 'publishedJuly': [1821], '12,': [1822], 'Keywordsventricular': [1824], 'fibrillationventricular': [1825], 'tachycardiacaffeine': [1826], 'toxicitycaffeine': [1827], 'overdosecaffeinePDF': [1828], 'download': [1829], 'SubjectsArrhythmias': [1831]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 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