Publication Information

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99, 108, 113, 164, 176, 181, 206, 224, 261, 281, 290, 301, 306, 362, 415, 418, 435, 438, 447, 465, 476, 558, 561, 575, 594, 615, 689, 714, 735, 753, 831, 849, 915, 918, 921, 931, 1044, 1052, 1062, 1068, 1071, 1074, 1080, 1093, 1126, 1147, 1150, 1154, 1161, 1164, 1184, 1195, 1267, 1292, 1306, 1310, 1328, 1361, 1374, 1379, 1393, 1417, 1437, 1609, 1632, 1654, 1662, 1684, 1700, 1709, 1716, 1724, 1727, 1740, 1751, 1805, 1877, 1896, 1934, 1996, 2062, 2139, 2246, 2297, 2300, 2309, 2322, 2346, 2359, 2372, 2380, 2388, 2443, 2636, 2681, 2695, 2710, 2753, 2756, 2775, 2794, 2841, 2927, 3010, 3024, 3067, 3070, 3081, 3121, 3137, 3141, 3156, 3162, 3166, 3179, 3202, 3222, 3258, 3295, 3329, 3381, 3428, 3433, 3438, 3443, 3455, 3496, 3499, 3506, 3509, 3512, 3627, 3692, 3901, 3929, 3972, 4039, 4070, 4096, 4135, 4152, 4176, 4198, 4217, 4307, 4335, 4355, 4359, 4365, 4406, 4439, 4473, 4487, 4491, 4505, 4509, 4536, 4568, 4574, 4577, 4585, 4589, 4594, 4610, 4642, 4648, 4679, 4714, 4731, 4757, 4810, 4827, 4830, 4867, 4918, 4951, 5006, 5018, 5039, 5056, 5082, 5179, 5196, 5205, 5210], 'finding': [83, 2458, 5180], 'an': [85, 117, 167, 295, 366, 490, 500, 583, 598, 757, 836, 842, 1040, 1928, 1965, 2090, 2125, 2166, 2198, 2993, 4036, 4173, 5182, 5214], 'abnormal': [86, 168, 837, 843, 1457, 1929, 2072, 2107, 2148, 2994, 3192, 3196, 5183], 'semen': [87, 100, 169, 190, 611, 617, 681, 814, 844, 911, 942, 952, 1169, 1199, 1220, 1247, 1301, 1340, 1345, 1421, 1515, 1613, 1636, 1664, 1673, 1720, 1737, 1865, 1917, 1930, 2549, 2732, 2795, 2928, 3054, 3085, 3459, 3584, 3919, 5184, 5197], 'analysis,': [88, 1302, 1931, 5185], 'although': [89, 5186], 'other': [90, 822, 902, 925, 1856, 1948, 2215, 2688, 2749, 4533, 4820, 4870, 5187], 'factors': [92, 529, 972, 990, 2960, 3172, 3575, 3953, 5189], 'may': [93, 222, 236, 288, 299, 327, 350, 359, 404, 463, 474, 703, 777, 923, 939, 1260, 1743, 1754, 1880, 2523, 2645, 2661, 2672, 2919, 3124, 3182, 3314, 3365, 3572, 3594, 3938, 3995, 4203, 4224, 4409, 4580, 4627, 4706, 4761, 4859, 4889, 5071, 5190], 'play': [94, 5191], 'role': [96, 5193], 'even': [97, 1513, 5194], 'when': [98, 214, 316, 2981, 5195], 'analysis': [101, 170, 1145, 1170, 1341, 3517, 4728, 4980, 5051, 5198], 'normal.This': [103, 5200], 'review': [104, 1013, 5201], 'offers': [105, 5202], 'recommendations': [106, 5203], 'for': [107, 202, 229, 252, 450, 492, 502, 801, 879, 884, 960, 993, 1194, 1219, 1300, 1370, 1381, 1407, 1416, 1608, 1631, 1672, 1702, 1719, 1731, 1838, 1841, 1889, 2253, 2311, 2601, 2748, 2768, 2908, 2915, 2961, 3002, 3043, 3080, 3128, 3169, 3338, 3368, 3411, 3454, 3522, 3554, 3588, 3603, 3613, 3754, 3928, 4234, 4303, 4371, 4374, 4543, 4551, 4659, 4709, 4877, 4954, 5002, 5204], 'optimal': [109, 5206], 'diagnostic': [110, 2480, 3279, 5207], 'evaluation': [111, 208, 298, 416, 491, 501, 517, 584, 592, 696, 751, 776, 800, 817, 834, 847, 878, 883, 958, 1045, 1152, 1485, 1707, 1803, 1837, 1920, 1982, 2137, 2180, 2754, 3931, 5208], 'partner': [115, 580, 596, 755, 851, 4186, 4202, 5008, 5086, 5212], 'couple.Evaluation': [119], 'goalsMale': [120], 'can': [122, 1237, 1324, 3048, 3537, 3649, 3735, 3877, 4250, 4468], 'be': [123, 278, 328, 361, 486, 519, 540, 620, 684, 732, 761, 778, 828, 854, 1059, 1238, 1261, 1272, 1325, 1358, 1713, 1744, 1756, 1881, 1922, 2022, 2192, 2356, 2397, 2656, 2662, 2765, 2906, 2920, 2979, 3041, 3049, 3125, 3366, 3409, 3538, 3573, 3595, 3650, 3736, 3867, 3956, 3996, 4009, 4030, 4050, 4165, 4204, 4225, 4239, 4251, 4384, 4410, 4462, 4469, 4623, 4762, 4817, 4860, 4875, 4890, 4982, 5010, 5036, 5053, 5072, 5089], 'due': [124, 4026], 'variety': [127, 2849], 'conditions.': [129], 'Some': [130, 1956, 2558, 2597], 'these': [132, 212, 1318, 1691, 2526, 2650, 2760, 3747, 4242, 4529], 'conditions': [133, 146, 213, 221, 251, 426, 441, 461], 'identifiable': [135, 148], 'reversible,': [137, 151], 'such': [138, 152, 335, 348, 397, 530, 1027, 2670, 3059, 3342, 3561, 3616, 3667, 4338, 4752, 4835], 'as': [139, 153, 174, 336, 398, 531, 686, 738, 1028, 1347, 1349, 1509, 1726, 1884, 2009, 2011, 2671, 2831, 3060, 3118, 3343, 3562, 3617, 3668, 4339, 4518], 'ductal': [140, 2964], 'obstruction': [141, 2487, 2512, 2542, 2595, 2619, 4215], 'hypogonadotropic': [143], 'hypogonadism.': [144], 'Other': [145, 4616], 'but': [149, 1968, 2079, 2114, 2155, 2478, 2544, 2649, 3115, 3924, 4467, 4625], 'not': [150, 172, 196, 323, 444, 712, 766, 1138, 1252, 1357, 1669, 1723, 1902, 2267, 2296, 2391, 2479, 2545, 2652, 3035, 3325, 3586, 3926, 4149, 4814, 4850], 'bilateral': [154, 535, 1123, 2413, 4093, 4214], 'testicular': [155, 337, 399, 2129, 2574, 2612, 2641, 2720, 2969, 3981, 4684], 'atrophy': [156], 'secondary': [157, 729, 1103], 'viral': [159], 'orchitis.': [160], 'When': [161, 4358], 'identification': [162, 2773, 4958], 'etiology': [165, 932], 'possible,': [173, 614], 'case': [177], 'many': [179, 1174, 4597], 'patients,': [180], 'condition': [182, 369, 2064], 'termed': [184, 2821, 3399], 'idiopathic.': [185], 'Rarely': [186], 'patients': [187, 235, 1215, 1747, 2362, 2400, 2411, 2565, 2582, 2603, 2675, 2704, 2894, 3369, 3412, 3602, 4117, 4598, 4617], 'with': [188, 247, 342, 728, 858, 1216, 1537, 1550, 1736, 1748, 1915, 2071, 2106, 2147, 2270, 2339, 2363, 2401, 2412, 2508, 2521, 2538, 2548, 2566, 2583, 2604, 2676, 2799, 2895, 2986, 3004, 3055, 3392, 3432, 3715, 3845, 3879, 3934, 3968, 3988, 3998, 4002, 4024, 4118, 4129, 4146, 4170, 4212, 4220, 4227, 4277, 4377, 4399, 4417, 4562, 4613, 4618, 4683, 4711, 4751, 4819, 4834, 4997, 5014, 5022, 5024, 5044], 'normal': [189, 1511, 1655, 1916, 2076, 2111, 2152, 2573, 2611, 2987, 4563, 4878], 'analyses': [191, 618, 682, 2733], 'have': [192, 237, 243, 405, 499, 582, 704, 741, 978, 1180, 1295, 1389, 1531, 1668, 1964, 2074, 2109, 2150, 2525, 2531, 2651, 2734, 3110, 3240, 3445, 3637, 3673, 3749, 3812, 4014, 4035, 4131, 4389, 4483, 4515, 4600, 4628, 4898, 4987], 'sperm': [193, 239, 244, 340, 344, 436, 1350, 1385, 1397, 1409, 1458, 1506, 1574, 1652, 1770, 1935, 2201, 2331, 2354, 2386, 2802, 2944, 2988, 2990, 3013, 3038, 3103, 3109, 3160, 3389, 3401, 3424, 3516, 3526, 3543, 3556, 3578, 3635, 3648, 3711, 3733, 3782, 3810, 3819, 3874, 3880, 3885, 3943, 3946, 4275, 4601, 4608, 4629, 4636, 4660, 4685, 4704, 4790, 5019], 'that': [194, 287, 427, 442, 462, 473, 716, 976, 1250, 1503, 1688, 1715, 1734, 1959, 2280, 2678, 2690, 2840, 3173, 3188, 4011, 4032, 4167, 4192, 4200, 4249, 4482, 4528, 4603, 4843, 4872, 4885, 5016], 'do': [195, 489, 1251], 'function': [197, 2803, 3636, 3734, 3811, 3881], 'manner': [200], 'necessary': [201, 3927, 4542, 4876], 'fertility.The': [203], 'purpose': [204], 'identify': [211, 395, 970, 1528, 2061, 2646, 3155, 3317], 'present.': [215], 'Identification': [216], 'treatment': [218, 257, 321, 3375, 3418, 4191], 'reversible': [220], 'improve': [223, 2752], "male's": [225], 'fertility': [226, 564, 572, 587, 796, 3579], 'allow': [228, 300, 4635], 'conception': [230], 'through': [231], 'Even': [233], 'azoospermic': [234, 2518, 2581, 4283, 4624], 'active': [238], 'production': [240, 245, 3944, 4602], 'or': [241, 338, 355, 401, 454, 459, 556, 722, 784, 790, 821, 841, 901, 1242, 1265, 1276, 1544, 1855, 1946, 2213, 2224, 2237, 2272, 2282, 2285, 2341, 2416, 2483, 2533, 2687, 2714, 2716, 2913, 2974, 2992, 3026, 3062, 3065, 3195, 3204, 3321, 3348, 3531, 3564, 3612, 3758, 3945, 4017, 4219, 4392, 4419, 4498, 4869, 4894, 4990, 5046, 5062, 5084], 'could': [242, 977], 'induced': [246, 3664], 'treatment.': [248, 3190], 'Detection': [249, 267], 'which': [253, 451, 1303, 1320, 1649, 2772, 3108, 3569, 4073, 4553, 4631], 'there': [254, 866, 1925, 1969, 2195, 2743, 2982, 4858], 'no': [256, 1971], 'will': [258, 2780, 3373, 3416, 4599, 4622], 'spare': [259], 'distress': [262], 'attempting': [264, 495], 'ineffective': [265, 3318], 'therapies.': [266], 'certain': [269], 'genetic': [270, 285, 314, 956, 3952, 3999, 4054, 4232, 4692, 4836, 4855, 5041, 5076, 5093], 'allows': [275, 3387], 'informed': [279, 4010, 4031, 5037], 'potential': [282, 3784, 3835, 5040], 'transmit': [284], 'abnormalities': [286, 472, 1894, 3937, 3977, 4016, 4237, 4248, 4270, 4309, 4333, 5042], 'affect': [289, 475, 4582], 'health': [291, 477, 4821], 'offspring.': [293], 'Thus,': [294], 'appropriate': [296], 'couple': [302, 494, 559, 600, 759, 4366], 'better': [304, 1546], 'understand': [305], 'basis': [307, 3330], 'their': [309, 571, 586, 1085, 4400, 4793, 4998], 'obtain': [313], 'counseling': [315, 4048, 5070], 'appropriate.': [317], 'specific': [319, 1954, 2221, 4571], 'corrective': [320], 'available,': [324], 'still': [326, 1755, 3274, 4626], 'possible': [329, 457, 2243, 4780], 'employ': [331], 'assisted': [332, 431, 481, 3618], 'reproductive': [333, 432, 482, 607, 630, 808, 839, 893, 995, 1018, 3290, 3619], 'techniques': [334, 433, 483, 2868], 'epididymal': [339, 2638], 'retrieval': [341, 4661, 4705], 'intracytoplasmic': [343, 1573, 4789], 'injection': [345, 1575, 4791], '(ICSI).': [346], 'Alternatively,': [347], 'consider': [351, 3275], 'therapeutic': [352], 'donor': [353, 452], 'insemination': [354, 453, 3347], 'adoption.Finally,': [356], 'occasionally': [360], 'presenting': [363], 'manifestation': [364], 'underlying': [367], 'life-threatening': [368], '(2Honig': [370], 'S.C.': [371], 'Lipshultz': [372, 1560, 2436, 3478], 'L.I.': [373, 1561, 2437, 3479], 'Jarow': [374], 'Significant': [376, 2351], 'medical': [377, 469, 654, 891, 965, 1001, 1848], 'pathology': [378, 2624], 'uncovered': [379], 'comprehensive': [382], 'evaluation.Fertil': [385, 3297], 'Steril.': [386, 1464, 1582, 2495, 2883, 2947, 3298, 3719, 3849], '1994;': [387], '62:': [388], '1028-1034Crossref': [389], 'Failure': [393, 4138], 'diseases': [396, 1031], 'cancer': [400], 'pituitary': [402, 2132], 'tumors': [403], 'serious': [406], 'consequences,': [407], 'including,': [408], 'rare': [410], 'cases,': [411, 2731, 3746], 'death.The': [412], 'goals': [413], 'identify:•Potentially': [423], 'correctable': [424], 'conditions;•Irreversible': [425], 'amenable': [429, 445], 'using': [434, 1245, 1579, 3652, 3738, 4472], 'partner;•Irreversible': [440], 'above,': [448], 'adoption': [455], 'options;•Life-': [458], 'health-threatening': [460], 'underlie': [464], 'require': [468], 'attention;': [470], 'and•Genetic': [471], 'offspring': [479], 'if': [480, 504, 524, 763, 780, 791, 830, 1924, 1933, 2194, 2204, 2592, 2616, 3037], 'employed.When': [487], 'infertilityA': [493], 'should': [498, 518, 581, 601, 619, 632, 683, 731, 760, 805, 827, 852, 887, 987, 1058, 1213, 1224, 1271, 1294, 1356, 1844, 1921, 1963, 1983, 2021, 2181, 2191, 2248, 2396, 2764, 2905, 2978, 3407, 4008, 4029, 4049, 4164, 4238, 4383, 4981, 5009, 5035, 5052, 5088], 'pregnancy': [505, 745, 764], 'fails': [506], 'occur': [508, 2673, 4500], 'within': [509, 768, 1283, 1750, 3150], 'regular': [513], 'An': [516, 748, 774, 2177], 'done': [520, 762, 829], 'before': [521, 3146, 5012], '1)': [525, 634, 998, 1065, 1927, 3962], 'risk': [528, 545, 787, 971, 4199, 4370], 'history': [533, 608, 631, 668, 706, 809, 840, 966, 986, 996, 3332], 'cryptorchidism': [536], 'known': [538, 782, 3954], 'present;': [541], '2)': [542, 639, 1005, 1077, 1942, 2067, 3975], 'female': [543, 549, 785, 870, 5007, 5085], 'factors,': [546], 'including': [547, 669, 678, 1064, 1070, 1106], 'advanced': [548], 'age': [550], '(over': [551], '35': [552], 'years),': [553], 'suspected;': [555], '3)': [557, 646, 1012, 1087, 1947, 3984], 'questions': [560, 794], "partner's": [563], 'potential.': [565, 588, 797], 'In': [566, 1049, 2239, 3534, 3731, 3744, 3791, 4021], 'addition,': [567, 3732, 4022, 4208], 'men': [568, 739, 1735, 1914, 2070, 2105, 2146, 3679, 3933, 4023, 4128, 4145, 4211, 4289, 4313, 4352, 4387, 4416, 4561, 4710, 4985, 5021], 'who': [569, 740, 1530, 2265, 4388, 4897, 4986, 5058], 'question': [570], 'status': [573], 'despite': [574], 'absence': [576, 1124, 2634, 3970, 4094, 4680], 'current': [579, 1404], 'The': [589, 629, 680, 798, 985, 1119, 1258, 1269, 1403, 1484, 1596, 1675, 1834, 1978, 2051, 2327, 2457, 2835, 3363, 3643, 3948, 4266, 4545], 'initial': [590, 749, 799, 832, 1980, 2178], 'screening': [591, 750, 833], 'include,': [602], 'at': [603, 908, 1263, 1266, 1274, 1327, 1365, 1762, 1862, 2183, 2314, 2324, 4346, 4368], 'minimum,': [605], 'two': [610, 616, 811, 910, 1232, 1395, 1764, 1864, 2842, 4243], 'analyses.': [612, 912, 1866], 'separated': [621], 'time': [624], 'period': [625, 1228, 2290], 'month.': [628], 'include': [633, 806, 888, 940, 988, 1225, 1321, 1845, 2182, 2862, 2963, 3816], 'coital': [635, 3319], 'frequency': [636, 4267, 4349], 'timing;': [638], 'duration': [640], 'prior': [644, 664, 2966, 2972, 4187, 4395, 4993, 5065], 'fertility;': [645], 'childhood': [647], 'illnesses': [648, 655], 'developmental': [650], 'history;': [651, 1004, 1019], '4)': [652, 1016, 1097], 'systemic': [653], '(e.g.,': [656], 'diabetes': [657], 'mellitus': [658], 'upper': [660, 2682], 'respiratory': [661, 1033], 'diseases)': [662], 'surgeries;': [665], '5)': [666, 1021, 1102], 'sexual': [667, 1944, 2211], 'sexually': [670, 1029], 'transmitted': [671, 1030], 'infections;': [672], '6)': [674, 1115], 'gonadal': [675], 'toxin': [676], 'exposure': [677], 'heat.': [679], 'conducted': [685], 'described': [687], 'next': [690], 'section,': [691], "'Components": [692], 'full': [695, 816, 877, 882, 919, 1836, 1878], "infertility.'": [699], 'While': [700], 'man': [702, 793, 2255, 4169], 'previous': [708], 'fertility,': [709, 4564], 'this': [710, 1142, 1976, 3218], 'does': [711, 2390, 4148, 4849], 'exclude': [713], 'possibility': [715], 'he': [717], 'has': [718, 765, 1400, 2266, 2744, 2796, 4361, 4882, 5059], 'acquired': [719], 'new,': [721], 'secondary,': [723], 'factor.': [726, 1166], 'Men': [727, 4001], 'evaluated': [733, 2907, 3737], 'same': [736, 1725], 'way': [737], 'never': [742], 'initiated': [743], '(primary': [746], 'infertility).Recommendations:': [747], 'occurred': [767], 'earlier': [775], 'warranted': [779], 'exists': [789], 'his': [795, 4185, 4194, 4201], 'properly': [812, 2820], 'performed': [813, 1923, 2193, 2306, 2398, 3144], 'analyses.A': [815], 'urologist': [820, 900, 1854], 'specialist': [823, 903, 1857], 'reproduction': [826, 1860], 'demonstrates': [835], 'analysis.': [845], 'Further': [846], 'also': [853, 1658, 2276, 2524, 3408, 4344, 4707, 4874], 'considered': [855, 2980, 4240], 'unexplained': [859, 3005, 3340, 3610], 'whom': [865, 2706, 2718, 3371, 3414], 'treated': [869, 3844], 'persistent': [873], 'infertility.Components': [874], 'infertilityThe': [881], 'complete': [890, 1000, 1847, 2482, 2509], 'history,': [894, 1849], 'physical': [896, 1037, 1054, 1133, 1850, 2628, 2692, 2707, 3334], 'examination': [897, 1038, 1066, 1196, 1418, 1610, 1633, 1851, 2693, 2708, 3082, 3139, 3456], 'reproduction,': [906], 'least': [909, 1763, 1863, 2184], 'Based': [913], 'on': [914, 951, 982, 1317, 1344, 1683, 1975, 2379, 2471, 2627, 2668, 2726, 3009, 3328, 3505, 3583, 3918, 4076, 4253, 4826, 4866], 'results': [916, 3372, 3415, 3501], 'evaluation,': [920, 945, 1879, 1967], 'physician': [922, 2247], 'recommend': [924, 2561, 2599, 2999], 'procedures': [926, 1868, 1886], 'tests': [928, 938, 950, 1888, 2750, 2763, 3481, 3582, 3633, 3748, 3808, 3917], 'elucidate': [930, 1873], "patient's": [935, 964, 2047], 'infertility.': [936, 984, 1048, 1907, 3006, 3176, 3208, 3592], 'These': [937, 1222, 2861, 3098, 3815, 4456, 4513], 'additional': [941, 1703], 'analyses,': [943], 'endocrine': [944, 1919, 1966, 2049, 2179], 'postejaculatory': [946], 'urinalysis,': [947], 'ultrasonography,': [948], 'specialized': [949, 2761, 3653, 3916], 'sperm,': [954, 3117, 4195], 'screening.Required': [957], 'components': [959], 'every': [961, 1842], 'patientMedical': [962], 'HistoryThe': [963], 'used': [968, 1526, 1660, 1871, 3042, 3126, 3447, 3539, 3915], 'behavior': [974], 'patterns': [975, 3288], 'significant': [980, 2383, 3019], 'impact': [981], 'all': [989, 1960, 2828, 4115], 'listed': [991], 'above': [992], 'plus': [997], 'surgical': [1003], 'medications': [1006], '(prescription': [1007], 'non-prescription)': [1009], 'allergies;': [1011], 'systems;': [1015], 'family': [1017], 'survey': [1023], 'past': [1025, 1394], 'infections': [1026], 'infections.Physical': [1034], 'ExaminationA': [1035], 'general': [1036, 1053, 4356], 'integral': [1041], 'part': [1042], 'addition': [1050, 3625], 'examination,': [1055, 2669], 'particular': [1056], 'focus': [1057], 'given': [1060], 'genitalia': [1063], 'penis,': [1069], 'location': [1072, 4572], 'urethral': [1075], 'meatus;': [1076], 'palpation': [1078], 'testes': [1081, 2677], 'measurement': [1083, 1383, 2003, 2040], 'size;': [1086], 'presence': [1088, 1098, 2328, 3157, 3693, 4153, 4643], 'consistency': [1090], 'both': [1092, 2810, 3870], 'vasa': [1094, 1127, 2585], 'epididymides;': [1096], 'varicocele;': [1101], 'sex': [1104], 'characteristics': [1105, 1488], 'body': [1107, 1277], 'habitus,': [1108], 'hair': [1109], 'distribution,': [1110], 'breast': [1112], 'development;': [1113], 'digital': [1116], 'rectal': [1117], 'exam.': [1118], 'diagnosis': [1120, 2347, 2373, 3589], 'congenital': [1122, 3969, 4213, 4380], 'deferentia': [1128], '(CBAVD)': [1129], 'established': [1131, 1671], 'examination.': [1134, 2629, 3335], 'Scrotal': [1135, 2643, 2659, 2698], 'exploration': [1136], 'needed': [1139, 1730, 3036], 'make': [1141, 2838], 'diagnosis.Semen': [1143], 'AnalysisSemen': [1144], 'cornerstone': [1148], 'laboratory': [1151, 1178, 1192, 1293, 1414, 1606, 1629, 1706, 3078, 3452, 3510], 'helps': [1158, 2059], 'define': [1160], 'severity': [1162], 'Methods': [1167], 'discussed': [1172], 'textbooks,': [1175], 'detailed': [1177], 'protocols': [1179], 'been': [1181, 1670, 2268, 2653, 2745, 2797, 3241, 3446, 3638, 3674, 3813, 4484, 4516, 4883], 'published': [1182], 'World': [1185, 1790, 1811, 1815, 1823], 'Health': [1186, 1190, 1412, 1604, 1627, 1779, 1783, 1791, 1812, 1816, 1824, 3076, 3450], 'Organization': [1187], '(WHO)': [1188], '(3World': [1189, 1411, 3075, 3449], 'OrganizationWHO': [1191, 1413, 1605, 1628, 3077, 3451], 'manual': [1193, 1415, 1607, 1630, 3079, 3453], 'human': [1198, 1420, 1490, 1612, 1635, 2881, 3084, 3388, 3458, 3647, 3710, 3739, 3781], 'sperm-cervical': [1201, 1423, 1615, 1638, 3087, 3461], 'mucus': [1202, 1424, 1616, 1639, 3088, 3181, 3194, 3198, 3462], 'interaction.': [1203, 1425, 1617, 1640, 3089, 3463], '4th': [1204, 1426, 3090, 3464], 'ed.': [1205, 1427, 1619, 1642, 3091, 3465], 'Cambridge': [1206, 1428, 1620, 1643, 3092, 3466], 'University': [1207, 1429, 1621, 1644, 3093, 3467], 'Press,': [1208, 1430, 1622, 1645, 3094, 3468], 'New': [1209, 1431, 1623, 1646, 3095, 3469], 'York1999Google': [1210, 1432, 3096, 3470], 'Physicians': [1212], 'provide': [1214], 'standard': [1217, 1538, 1568, 4465], 'instructions': [1218, 1223], 'collection.': [1221, 1287], 'abstinence': [1230, 2289], 'days.': [1235], 'Semen': [1236, 2727], 'collected': [1239, 1262], 'masturbation': [1241], 'intercourse': [1244], 'special': [1246], 'collection': [1248], 'condoms': [1249], 'contain': [1253, 4539], 'substances': [1254], 'detrimental': [1255], 'sperm.': [1257], 'specimen': [1259, 1270, 1362, 2310], 'home': [1264], 'laboratory.': [1268], 'kept': [1273], 'room': [1275], 'temperature': [1278], 'during': [1279, 1392], 'transport': [1280], 'examined': [1282], 'hour': [1285], 'To': [1288], 'ensure': [1289], 'accurate': [1290], 'results,': [1291], 'quality': [1297], 'control': [1298], 'program': [1299], 'conforms': [1304], 'standards': [1307], 'outlined': [1308], 'Clinical': [1311, 2724], 'Laboratory': [1312, 1333], 'Improvement': [1313, 1334], 'Amendments': [1314], '(CLIA).': [1315], 'Information': [1316], 'standards,': [1319], 'proficiency': [1322], 'testing,': [1323], 'found': [1326, 2357, 3008, 3022, 4411, 4470, 4891], 'CLIA': [1329, 1336], 'web': [1330], 'site': [1331], '(4Clinical': [1332], 'Amendments.': [1335], 'website:': [1337], 'www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/clia/cliahome.htm.Google': [1338], 'Scholar).The': [1339], 'provides': [1342], 'information': [1343], 'volume': [1346, 2258, 2366, 2568, 2606], 'well': [1348, 2010], 'concentration,': [1351, 2202, 2989], 'motility': [1352, 1388, 3557], 'morphology.': [1354, 3547], 'Azoospermia': [1355], 'diagnosed': [1359, 2269], 'until': [1360], 'centrifuged': [1364], 'maximum': [1366], 'speed': [1367, 3565], '(preferably': [1368], '3000g)': [1369], '15': [1371], 'minutes,': [1372], 'pellet': [1375, 2323], 'examined.': [1377], 'Although': [1378, 2024, 3234, 4806], 'methods': [1380], 'routine': [1382, 1663, 3930, 4160], 'concentration': [1386, 1936], 'changed': [1390], 'little': [1391], 'decades,': [1396], 'morphology': [1398, 1410, 1459, 1520], 'assessment': [1399, 1521, 3524], 'evolved': [1401], 'considerably.': [1402], 'WHO': [1405, 1597], 'criteria': [1406, 1441, 1524, 1598], 'scoring': [1408], 'Scholar)': [1433, 3311, 3858], 'similar': [1435, 2817], 'Kruger': [1438, 1479, 1819, 3769], '(Tygerberg)': [1439, 1787, 1820], 'strict': [1440, 1523], '(5Kruger': [1442], 'T.F.': [1443, 1480, 3770], 'Acosta': [1444], 'A.A.': [1445], 'Simmons': [1446], 'K.F.': [1447], 'Swanson': [1448], 'R.J.': [1449], 'Matta': [1450], 'J.F.': [1451], 'Oehninger': [1452, 3763], 'Predictive': [1454], 'value': [1455, 3239, 3497, 4724, 4734], 'vitro': [1462, 1540, 1570, 3350, 3717, 3787, 3847], 'fertilization.Fertil': [1463, 3718, 3848], '1988;': [1465, 2884], '49:': [1466, 2885], '112-117Crossref': [1467], '(1031)': [1470], 'Scholar,': [1472, 1625, 3471, 4934], '6Menkveld': [1473], 'R.': [1474, 2932, 4771], 'Stander': [1475], 'F.S.': [1476], 'Kotze': [1477], 'T.J.': [1478], 'van': [1481], 'Zyl': [1482], 'J.A.': [1483, 4084], 'morphological': [1487], 'spermatozoa': [1491, 4682], 'according': [1492], 'stricter': [1494], 'criteria.Hum': [1495], '1990;': [1497], '5:': [1498], '586-592PubMed': [1499], 'Scholar),': [1501, 1648, 3271, 3494], 'relatively': [1504], 'few': [1505, 4823], 'classified': [1508], 'having': [1510, 2550, 4375], 'morphology,': [1512], 'from': [1516, 2857, 3384, 3527, 3532, 3677], 'fertile': [1517, 4893], 'men.': [1518, 4265, 4296], 'Sperm': [1519, 3484, 3514, 3828], 'poor': [1533, 2555, 4657], 'chance': [1534, 1547], 'fertilization': [1536, 1541, 1549, 1571, 3756, 3788], '(IVF)': [1542, 3789], '(5)': [1543], 'ICSI': [1551, 4398, 4996], '(7Pisarska': [1552], 'M.D.': [1553, 3286], 'Casson': [1554], 'P.R.': [1555], 'Cisneros': [1556], 'P.L.': [1557], 'Lamb': [1558, 3476], 'D.J.': [1559, 2872], 'Buster': [1562], 'J.E.': [1563], 'Carson': [1564], 'S.A.': [1565], 'Fertilization': [1566], 'versus': [1572], 'subfertile': [1577, 4895], 'males': [1578, 1962, 4896], 'sibling': [1580], 'oocytes.Fertil': [1581], '1999;': [1583, 4971], '71:': [1584], '627-632Abstract': [1585], 'Full': [1586, 1588, 2499, 2887, 2951, 3302, 3304, 3723, 3853], 'Text': [1587, 1589, 2500, 2888, 2952, 3303, 3305, 3724, 3854], 'PDF': [1590, 2501, 2889, 2953, 3306, 3725, 3855], '(56)': [1593], '1987': [1600], '1992': [1602], '(8World': [1603], '2nd': [1618], 'York1987Google': [1624], '9World': [1626], '3rd': [1641], 'York1992Google': [1647], 'classify': [1650], 'more': [1651, 3018], 'category,': [1656], 'widely': [1659], 'evaluation.True': [1665], 'reference': [1666, 1676, 1717, 1741, 1752, 1760], 'ranges': [1667, 1692, 1742], 'parameters.': [1674], 'values': [1677, 1718, 1729, 1749], 'Table': [1679, 2066], '1': [1680, 2293, 2407, 2900], 'based': [1682], 'clinical': [1685, 1704, 1949, 2048, 2063, 2099, 2216, 2417, 2762, 4119, 4732], 'literature.': [1686], 'Values': [1687], 'fall': [1689], 'outside': [1690, 1739], 'suggest': [1693, 2371], 'indicate': [1699], 'need': [1701], 'and/or': [1705, 2466], 'patient.': [1710], 'It': [1711, 2190, 2274, 3164, 4163, 4526, 4838], 'must': [1712, 2355, 2837, 3425], 'emphasized': [1714], 'parameters': [1721], 'minimum': [1728, 1835, 1979, 2316], 'conception,': [1732], 'variables': [1738], 'fertile.': [1745], 'Conversely,': [1746, 4124, 4880], 'range': [1753], 'infertile.TABLE': [1757], '1Semen': [1758], 'analysis:': [1759], 'values.On': [1761], 'occasions:Ejaculate': [1765], 'volume1.5–5.0': [1766], 'mlPH>7.2Sperm': [1767], 'concentration>20': [1768], 'million/mlTotal': [1769], 'number>40': [1771], 'million/ejaculatePercent': [1772], 'motility>50%Forward': [1773], 'progression>2': [1774], '(scale': [1775], '0–4)Normal': [1776], 'morphology>50%': [1777], 'normal⁎World': [1778], 'Organization,': [1780, 1784, 1792, 1813, 1817, 1825], '1987.>30%': [1781], 'normal⁎⁎World': [1782], '1992.>14%': [1785], 'normal⁎⁎⁎Kruger': [1786], 'Strict': [1788, 1821], 'Criteria,': [1789, 1822], '1999.And:Sperm': [1793], 'agglutination<': [1794], '2': [1795], '(Scale': [1796, 1798], '0–3)Viscosity<h3': [1797], '0–4)ASRM': [1799], 'Practice': [1800, 2134, 3287], 'Committee.': [1801, 2135], 'Optimal': [1802, 2136], 'male.': [1807, 2141, 2758], 'Fertil': [1808, 2142], 'Steril': [1809, 2143], '2006.': [1810, 2144], '1987.': [1814], '1992.': [1818], '1999.': [1826], 'Open': [1827, 2170], 'table': [1828, 2171], 'new': [1831, 2174], 'tab': [1832, 2175], 'Recommendations:': [1833], 'patient': [1843, 2338, 4244], 'Additional': [1867], 'tests,': [1870, 3631], 'problems': [1874], 'discovered': [1875], 'suggested': [1882], 'later': [1883], 'well.Other': [1885], 'assessing': [1890, 3555], 'infertilityEndocrine': [1892], 'EvaluationHormonal': [1893], 'hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular': [1897], 'axis': [1898], 'well-recognized,': [1900], 'though': [1901], 'common': [1903, 3951], 'Endocrine': [1908], 'disorders': [1909, 2441], 'extremely': [1911], 'uncommon': [1912], 'parameters.An': [1918], 'is:': [1926, 2196], 'especially': [1932, 2203], 'less': [1938, 2205, 2260, 2405, 2425, 4291], 'than': [1939, 2206, 2261, 2292, 2406, 2426, 2899, 3020, 4292, 4353, 5031], '10': [1940, 2207, 2312], 'million/ml;': [1941, 2208], 'impaired': [1943, 2210, 3980], 'function;': [1945, 2212, 3982], 'findings': [1950, 2217, 2527, 2667], 'suggestive': [1951, 2218, 2344, 2476], 'endocrinopathy.': [1955], 'experts': [1957, 2559, 2598], 'believe': [1958, 3571], 'consensus': [1972, 2378], 'opinion': [1974], 'controversy.': [1977], 'hormonal': [1981], 'consist': [1984], 'measurements': [1986, 3817], 'serum': [1988, 1992, 2014, 2025, 2077, 2084, 2112, 2119, 2153, 2160, 2186, 3025], 'follicle-stimulating-hormone': [1989], '(FSH)': [1990], 'testosterone': [1993, 1997, 2187], 'levels.': [1994], 'level': [1998], 'low,': [2000], 'repeat': [2002], 'total': [2005], 'free': [2007], 'testosterone,': [2008, 2054], 'determination': [2012], 'luteinizing': [2015], 'hormone': [2016, 2095], '(LH)': [2017], 'prolactin': [2019, 2058], 'levels': [2020, 2027, 2096, 3687, 3690], 'obtained.': [2023], 'gonadotropin': [2026], 'variable': [2029], 'because': [2030, 2528, 3312, 4196, 4857], 'they': [2031, 2529, 4012, 4033], 'secreted': [2033], 'pulsatile': [2036], 'manner,': [2037], 'single': [2039], 'usually': [2042, 4558], 'sufficient': [2043, 4605, 4633], 'determine': [2045, 2591, 2615, 3100], 'status.': [2050], 'relationship': [2052], 'LH,': [2055], 'FSH': [2056, 2085, 2120, 2161], '(see': [2065], '.': [2068], 'Many': [2069, 2145, 2824, 2997, 3440], 'spermatogenesis': [2073, 2108, 2149], 'FSH,': [2078, 2113, 2154], 'marked': [2081, 2116, 2157], 'elevation': [2082, 2117, 2158], 'clearly': [2087, 2122, 2163], 'indicative': [2088, 2123, 2164], 'abnormality': [2091, 2126, 2167, 4037, 4055, 4143, 4174, 5077, 5094], 'spermatogenesis.TABLE': [2093], '2Basal': [2094], 'various': [2098], 'states.Clinical': [2100], 'conditionFSHLHTestosteroneProlactinNormal': [2101], 'spermatogenesisNormalNormalNormalNormalHypogonadotropic': [2102], 'hypogonadismLowLowLowNormalAbnormal': [2103], 'spermatogenesis⁎Many': [2104], 'spermatogenesis.High/NormalNormalNormalNormalComplete': [2128], 'failure/Hypergonadotropic': [2130], 'hypogonadismHighHighNormal/LowNormalProlactin-secreting': [2131], 'tumorNormal/LowNormal/LowLowHighASRM': [2133], 'spermatogenesis.': [2169, 4544, 4583, 4879], 'Recommendation:': [2176], 'FSH.': [2189], '(1)': [2197], 'abnormally': [2199], 'low': [2200, 2364, 2551, 2567, 2587, 2605, 3755], '(2)': [2209], '(3)': [2214], 'endocrinopathy.Post-ejaculatory': [2222], 'UrinalysisLow-volume': [2223], 'absent': [2225, 2532], 'ejaculate': [2226, 2257, 2365, 2402, 2588], 'suggests': [2227], 'retrograde': [2228, 2244, 2349, 2375], 'ejaculation,': [2229, 2245], 'lack': [2230], 'emission,': [2232], 'ejaculatory': [2233, 2447, 2464, 2485, 2510, 2540, 2593, 2617], 'duct': [2234, 2486, 2511, 2541, 2594, 2618], 'obstruction,': [2235, 2965], 'hypogonadism': [2236, 2271], 'CBAVD.': [2238, 2273, 4123], 'order': [2240, 2369], 'diagnose': [2242], 'perform': [2249], 'post-ejaculatory': [2251, 2303, 2334, 2394], 'urinalysis': [2252, 2304, 2335, 2395], 'any': [2254, 2330, 3354], 'whose': [2256], '1.0': [2262], 'ml,': [2263, 2408], 'important': [2277, 3574, 3921, 4182, 4840], 'assure': [2279], 'improper': [2281], 'incomplete': [2283], 'collection,': [2284], 'very': [2287, 4656], 'short': [2288], '(less': [2291, 5030], 'day)': [2294], 'cause': [2298, 2776, 3206, 3753, 3939], 'low-volume': [2301], 'ejaculate.The': [2302], 'centrifuging': [2308], 'minutes': [2313], '300g,': [2318], 'microscopically': [2320], 'inspecting': [2321], '400×': [2325], 'magnification.': [2326], 'azoospermia': [2340, 4004, 4025, 4209, 4391, 4418, 4497, 4989, 5026, 5045, 5061], 'aspermia': [2342], 'ejaculation.': [2350, 2376], 'numbers': [2352, 2384], 'urine': [2360, 2389], 'oligospermia': [2367, 3994, 4007, 4394, 4421, 4499, 4992, 5029, 5064], 'Expert': [2377], 'definition': [2381], 'exist.Recommendation:': [2392], 'volumes': [2403, 2589], 'except': [2409], 'vasal': [2414], 'agenesis': [2415, 4223], 'signs': [2418], 'hypogonadism.UltrasonographyTransrectal': [2420], 'UltrasonographyNormal': [2421], 'seminal': [2422, 2444, 2461, 2535, 3027, 3871], 'vesicles': [2423, 2445], '1.5': [2427], 'cm': [2428], 'anteroposterior': [2430], 'diameter': [2431], '(10Carter': [2432], 'S.S.': [2433], 'Shinohara': [2434], 'K.': [2435, 4722, 4944], 'Transrectal': [2438, 2490, 2576], 'ultrasonography': [2439, 2473, 2491, 2577, 2644, 2660, 2699], 'ducts.Urol': [2448], 'Clin': [2449, 3487], 'North': [2450, 3488], 'Am.': [2451, 3489], '1989;': [2452, 3796], '16:': [2453, 3906], '773-790PubMed': [2454], 'dilated': [2460, 2463], 'vesicles,': [2462], 'ducts,': [2465], 'midline': [2467], 'prostatic': [2468], 'cystic': [2469, 3963, 4040, 4104, 4120], 'structures': [2470], 'transrectal': [2472], '(TRUS)': [2474], 'of,': [2477, 2481], 'partial': [2484, 2539], '(11Jarow': [2488], 'J.P.': [2489], 'men.Fertil': [2494], '1993;': [2496], '60:': [2497], '1035-1039Abstract': [2498], '(102)': [2504], 'Patients': [2507, 2520, 2537], 'produce': [2513, 4607], 'low-volume,': [2514], 'fructose': [2515], 'negative,': [2516], 'acidic,': [2517], 'ejaculates.': [2519], 'CBAVD': [2522, 4028, 4066, 4130, 4147, 4171], 'often': [2530, 3398], 'atrophic': [2534], 'vesicles.': [2536], 'often,': [2543], 'always,': [2546], 'present': [2547, 4259, 4559], 'volume,': [2552], 'oligoasthenospermia': [2553], 'forward': [2556], 'progression.': [2557], 'routinely': [2560], 'TRUS': [2562, 2600], 'oligospermic': [2564, 2602, 4288], 'ejaculates,': [2569, 2607], 'palpable': [2570, 2584, 2608, 2626], 'vasa,': [2571, 2609, 2637], 'size.Recommendation:': [2575], 'indicated': [2579, 2701], 'exists.': [2596], 'size,': [2613], 'present.Scrotal': [2621], 'UltrasonographyMost': [2622], 'scrotal': [2623, 2685], 'This': [2630, 3395, 3405], 'includes': [2631], 'varicoceles,': [2632, 2648], 'spermatoceles,': [2633], 'induration': [2639], 'masses.': [2642], 'non-palpable': [2647], 'shown': [2654, 4884], 'clinically': [2657, 3448, 3553], 'significant.': [2658], 'useful': [2663, 3278, 3552, 3596], 'clarify': [2665], 'ambiguous': [2666], 'scrotum,': [2683], 'small': [2684, 3599, 4460], 'sacs,': [2686], 'anatomy': [2689], 'makes': [2691], 'scrotum': [2696, 2711], 'difficult.Recommendation:': [2697], 'those': [2703, 2769], 'difficult': [2713], 'inadequate': [2715], 'mass': [2721], 'suspected.Specialized': [2723], 'Tests': [2725], 'SpermIn': [2729], 'some': [2730, 3272, 3570, 3745, 4886], 'failed': [2735, 3759], 'accurately': [2737], 'predict': [2738, 4654, 4678], "man's": [2740], 'fertility.': [2741], 'Therefore,': [2742, 4179, 4231], 'search': [2747], 'Generally,': [2759], 'reserved': [2766, 3367, 3410], 'only': [2767], 'cases': [2770], 'direct': [2781, 3015], 'treatment.Quantitation': [2782], 'Leukocytes': [2784], 'SemenAn': [2786], 'elevated': [2787], 'number': [2788, 3600, 3805], 'white': [2790], 'blood': [2791, 2833], 'cells': [2792, 2815, 2830, 2845], 'associated': [2798, 3967, 3987, 3997, 4226, 4818, 5043], 'deficiencies': [2800], 'motility.': [2805], 'Under': [2806], 'wet': [2807], 'mount': [2808], 'microscopy,': [2809], 'leukocytes': [2811, 2856, 2902, 3872, 4257], 'immature': [2813, 2858], 'germ': [2814, 2859], 'appear': [2816, 3865], '"round': [2822], 'cells."': [2823, 2834], 'laboratories': [2825], 'improperly': [2826], 'report': [2827, 4688], 'round': [2829], '"white': [2832], 'clinician': [2836], 'sure': [2839], 'types': [2843], 'differentiated.': [2847], 'assays': [2851, 3099], 'available': [2853], 'differentiate': [2855], 'cells.': [2860], 'traditional': [2863, 3167], 'cytologic': [2864], 'staining': [2865, 3654], 'immunohistochemical': [2867], '(12Wolff': [2869], 'H.': [2870], 'Anderson': [2871], 'Immunohistologic': [2873], 'characterization': [2874], 'quantitation': [2876], 'leukocyte': [2878], 'subpopulations': [2879], 'semen.Fertil': [2882], '497-504Abstract': [2886], 'Those': [2893], 'true': [2896], 'pyospermia': [2897], '(greater': [2898], 'million': [2901, 5033], 'per': [2903], 'ml)': [2904], 'genital': [2910, 2967, 4101], 'tract': [2911], 'infection': [2912], 'inflammation.Tests': [2914], 'Antisperm': [2916], 'AntibodiesPregnancy': [2917], 'rates': [2918, 2938, 3757], 'reduced': [2921], 'antisperm': [2923], 'antibodies': [2924], '(ASA)': [2925], '(13Ayvaliotis': [2929], 'Bronson': [2931], 'Rosenfeld': [2933], 'D.': [2934, 3477, 3701, 4667, 4773], 'Cooper': [2935], 'G.': [2936, 3823], 'Conception': [2937], 'where': [2941], 'autoimmunity': [2942], 'detected.Fertil': [2946], '1985;': [2948], '43:': [2949], '739-742Abstract': [2950], '(134)': [2956], 'Risk': [2959], 'ASA': [2962, 2976, 3000, 3007, 3021, 3032], 'infection,': [2968], 'trauma,': [2970], 'vasovasostomy': [2973], 'vasoepididymostomy.': [2975], 'testing': [2977, 3001, 3016, 3033, 3360, 4161, 4233, 5001], 'isolated': [2984, 3989], 'asthenospermia': [2985], 'agglutination': [2991], 'postcoital': [2995, 3259, 3359], 'test.': [2996, 3219], 'physicians': [2998], 'surface': [3011], 'plasma': [3028], 'indirect': [3030], 'testing.': [3031], 'ICSI.Sperm': [3044], 'Viability': [3045], 'TestsSperm': [3046], 'viability': [3047], 'assessed': [3050], 'mixing': [3052], 'fresh': [3053], 'supravital': [3057], 'dye': [3058], 'eosin': [3061], 'trypan': [3063], 'blue,': [3064], 'use': [3068], 'hypoosmotic': [3071], 'swelling': [3072], '(HOS)': [3073], 'test': [3074, 3135, 3224, 3280, 3364, 3396, 3406, 3500, 4184], 'whether': [3101], 'non-motile': [3102], 'viable': [3105, 3116], 'identifying': [3107, 3170, 3604], 'intact': [3111], 'cell': [3112], 'membranes.': [3113], 'Non-motile': [3114], 'determined': [3119], 'HOS': [3122], 'test,': [3123], 'successfully': [3127], 'ICSI.Tests': [3129], 'Sperm–Cervical': [3131], 'Mucus': [3132], 'InteractionThe': [3133], 'post-coital': [3134, 3223], 'microscopic': [3138, 3529], 'cervical': [3142, 3171, 3180, 3193, 3323, 3356], 'mucus,': [3143], 'shortly': [3145], 'expected': [3147], 'ovulation': [3148], 'hours': [3151], 'intercourse,': [3153], 'motile': [3159], 'mucus.': [3163], 'method': [3168], 'contribute': [3174], 'Examination': [3177], 'reveal': [3183], 'gross': [3184, 4362], 'evidence': [3185], 'cervicitis': [3187], 'deserves': [3189], 'However,': [3191, 4641], 'sperm/cervical': [3197], 'interaction': [3199], 'rarely': [3201], 'sole': [3203], 'principal': [3205], 'Furthermore,': [3209], 'controversies': [3210], 'exist': [3211, 4825], 'regarding': [3212], 'technique,': [3213], 'timing,': [3214], 'interpretation': [3216], 'Results': [3220], 'subjective': [3226], 'exhibit': [3228, 4122], 'considerable': [3229], 'intra-': [3230], 'inter-observer': [3232], 'variation.': [3233], 'its': [3235], 'utility': [3236], 'predictive': [3238], 'seriously': [3242], 'questioned': [3243], '(14Oei': [3244], 'S.G.': [3245], 'Helmerhorst': [3246], 'F.M.': [3247, 3251], 'Bloemenkamp': [3248], 'K.M.': [3249], 'Hollants': [3250], 'Meerpoel': [3252], 'D.E.': [3253], 'Keirse': [3254], 'J.N.C.': [3255], 'Effectiveness': [3256], 'test:': [3260], 'randomised': [3261], 'controlled': [3262], 'trial.BMJ.': [3263], '1998;': [3264, 3299, 3905, 4695], '317:': [3265], '502-505Crossref': [3266], '(81)': [3269, 3910], 'practitioners': [3273], '(15Glatstein': [3281], 'I.Z.': [3282], 'Harlow': [3283], 'B.L.': [3284, 3707], 'Hornstein': [3285], 'among': [3289], 'endocrinologists:': [3291], 'further': [3292], 'aspects': [3293], '70:': [3300], '263-269Abstract': [3301], '(26)': [3309], 'help': [3315], 'technique': [3320], 'otherwise': [3326, 3339], 'suspected': [3327, 5079], 'Contemporary': [3336], 'treatments': [3337, 5015], 'infertility,': [3341, 3611], 'superovulation': [3344], 'intrauterine': [3346], 'fertilization,': [3351], 'effectively': [3352], 'negate': [3353], 'unrecognized': [3355], 'factors.': [3357], 'Routine': [3358], 'unnecessary.': [3362], 'influence': [3374, 3417], 'strategy.Zona-Free': [3376], 'Hamster': [3377], 'Oocyte': [3378], 'TestRemoval': [3379], 'zona': [3382, 3740], 'pellucida': [3383, 3741], 'hamster': [3385, 3393, 3629], 'oocytes': [3386], 'fuse': [3391], 'ova.': [3394], 'penetration': [3402, 3421, 3485], 'assay': [3403, 3776, 4848], '(SPA).': [3404], 'strategy.': [3419], 'For': [3420], 'occur,': [3423], 'undergo': [3426], 'capacitation,': [3427], 'acrosome': [3429, 3644, 3659, 3662, 3685, 3712], 'reaction,': [3430], 'fusion': [3431], 'oolemma,': [3434], 'incorporation': [3436], 'into': [3437], 'ooplasm.': [3439], 'versions': [3441], 'SPA': [3444], '16Smith': [3472], 'R.G.': [3473], 'Johnson': [3474], 'Functional': [3480], 'spermatozoa.': [3483], 'assay.Urol': [3486], '1987;': [3490], '14:': [3491], '451-458PubMed': [3492], 'depends,': [3502], 'part,': [3504], 'experience': [3507], 'performing': [3511, 4189, 4397, 4995, 5067], 'assay.Computer-Aided': [3513], 'AnalysisComputer-aided': [3515], '(CASA)': [3518], 'requires': [3519], 'sophisticated': [3520], 'instruments': [3521, 3549], 'quantitative': [3523], 'image': [3530], 'videotape.': [3533], 'principle,': [3535], 'CASA': [3536, 3548], 'objectively': [3541], 'measure': [3542], 'numbers,': [3544], 'motility,': [3545], 'most': [3551, 3950], 'motion': [3559], 'parameters,': [3560], 'velocity': [3563], 'head': [3567], 'movement,': [3568], 'determining': [3577], 'potential.Recommendation:': [3580], 'Specialized': [3581, 3623], 'required': [3587], 'They': [3593], 'contributing': [3608], 'selecting': [3614], 'therapy,': [3615], 'technology.Less': [3620], 'Commonly': [3621], 'Used': [3622], 'TestsIn': [3624], 'zona-free': [3628], 'oocyte': [3630], 'numerous': [3632], 'employed': [3639], 'research': [3641], 'studies.': [3642], 'reaction': [3645, 3686, 4476], 'detected': [3651, 3750, 4463], 'techniques.': [3655], 'Rates': [3656], 'spontaneous': [3658, 3684], 'reactions': [3660, 3663], 'agents': [3666], 'calcium': [3669], 'ionophore': [3670], 'progesterone': [3672], 'measured.': [3675], 'Samples': [3676], 'tend': [3680], 'demonstrate': [3682], 'higher': [3683, 4348], 'lower': [3689], 'inducers': [3695], '(17Fenichel': [3696], 'Donzeau': [3698], 'M.': [3699, 3827, 4086, 4316, 4425, 4904, 4936], 'Farahifar': [3700], 'Basteris': [3702], 'Ayraud': [3704], 'N.': [3705], 'Hsi': [3706], 'Dynamics': [3708], 'reaction:': [3713], 'relation': [3714], '55:': [3721], '994-999Abstract': [3722], '(80)': [3728], 'binding': [3742], 'tests.': [3743], 'probable': [3752], 'IVF': [3760], '(18Franken': [3761], 'D.R.': [3762], 'Burkman': [3765], 'L.J.': [3766], 'Coddington': [3767], 'C.C.': [3768], 'Rosenwaks': [3771], 'Z.': [3772, 4669], 'al.The': [3774, 4777], 'hemizona': [3775], '(HZA):': [3777], 'predictor': [3779], 'fertilizing': [3783, 3834], 'treatment.J': [3790], 'Vitro': [3792], 'Fert': [3793], 'Embryo': [3794], 'Transf.': [3795], '44-50Crossref': [3798], '(109)': [3801], 'biochemical': [3807], 'studied.': [3814], 'creatine': [3820, 3829], 'kinase': [3821], '(19Huszar': [3822], 'Vigue': [3824], 'L.': [3825, 4434, 4720, 4913], 'Morshedi': [3826], 'phosphokinase': [3830], 'M-isoform': [3831], 'ratios': [3832], 'men:': [3837], 'blinded': [3839], 'study': [3840], '84': [3842], '1992;': [3850, 4106], '57:': [3851], '882-888Abstract': [3852], 'reactive': [3860], 'oxygen': [3861], 'species': [3862], '(ROS).': [3863], 'ROS': [3864], 'generated': [3868], 'cells,': [3875], 'interfere': [3878], 'peroxidation': [3883], 'lipid': [3886], 'membranes': [3887], 'creation': [3889], 'toxic': [3891], 'fatty': [3892], 'acid': [3893], 'peroxides': [3894], '(20Kim': [3895], 'J.G.': [3896], 'Parthasarathy': [3897], 'Oxidation': [3899], 'spermatozoa.Semin': [3902], 'Reprod': [3903, 4969], 'Endocrinol.': [3904], '235-239Crossref': [3907], 'Scholar).Recommendation:': [3912], 'Less': [3913], 'commonly': [3914], 'investigative': [3922], 'tools,': [3923], 'infertility.Genetic': [3935], 'ScreeningGenetic': [3936], 'affecting': [3942], 'transport.': [3947], 'related': [3957], 'are:': [3961], 'fibrosis': [3964, 4041, 4121], 'gene': [3965, 4229, 4236, 4864], 'mutations': [3966, 4068, 4133, 5004], 'vas': [3973, 4097], 'deferens;': [3974], 'chromosomal': [3976, 4015, 4298, 4308, 4378], 'resulting': [3978], 'Y-chromosome': [3985, 4846, 4887, 4952, 4966, 4979, 5050], 'microdeletions': [3986, 4457, 4784, 4888], 'spermatogenic': [3990], 'impairment.Azoospermia': [3991], 'severe': [3993, 4006, 4393, 4420, 4614, 4991, 5028, 5047, 5063], 'abnormalities.': [4000, 4230, 4837], 'non-obstructive': [4003, 4390, 5025], 'might': [4013, 4873], 'Y': [4018, 4407, 4440, 4492, 4510, 4537, 4578, 4590, 4726, 4736, 4811, 4868, 4919], 'chromosome': [4019, 4077, 4408, 4441, 4511, 4579, 4591, 4737, 4812, 4920], 'microdeletions.': [4020], 'probably': [4034], 'transmembrane': [4042], 'conductance': [4043], 'regulator': [4044], '(CFTR)': [4045], 'gene.': [4046, 4137, 4178], 'Genetic': [4047, 5000, 5069], 'provided': [4051, 5090], 'whenever': [4052, 5074, 5091], 'detected.Cystic': [4057], 'Fibrosis': [4058], 'Gene': [4059], 'MutationsThere': [4060], 'strong': [4063], 'association': [4064], 'between': [4065], 'CFTR': [4071, 4136, 4142, 4177, 4228, 4235, 5003], 'gene,': [4072, 4550], 'located': [4075, 4566], '7': [4078], '(21Anguiano': [4079], 'Oates': [4081], 'R.D.': [4082], 'Amos': [4083], 'Dean': [4085], 'Gerrard': [4087], 'Stewart': [4089], 'C.': [4090, 4718], 'al.Congenital': [4092], 'deferens': [4098], 'primarily': [4100], 'form': [4102], 'fibrosis.JAMA.': [4105], '267:': [4107], '1794-1797Crossref': [4108], '(477)': [4111], 'Almost': [4114], 'approximately': [4125, 4285], 'two-thirds': [4126, 4305], 'documented': [4132], 'detect': [4140], 'rule': [4150, 4852], 'out': [4151, 4853], 'mutation': [4156], 'currently': [4157], 'unidentifiable': [4158], 'methods.': [4162], 'assumed': [4166], 'harbors': [4172], 'utilizes': [4193], 'CF': [4206], 'carrier.In': [4207], 'epididymides': [4218], 'unilateral': [4221], 'vassal': [4222], 'populations.Karyotypic': [4245], 'Chromosomal': [4246], 'AbnormalitiesChromosomal': [4247], 'observed': [4252, 4310, 4345], 'karyotypes': [4254], 'peripheral': [4256], '7%': [4262], 'karyotypic': [4269, 4363], 'inversely': [4272], 'proportional': [4273], 'count,': [4276], 'prevalence': [4279], '10%–15%': [4281], 'men,': [4284], '5%': [4286], '1%': [4293], 'normospermic': [4295], 'Sex': [4297], 'aneuploidy': [4299], "(Klinefelter's": [4300], 'syndrome)': [4301], 'accounts': [4302], '(22De': [4314], 'Braekeleer': [4315], 'Dao': [4317], 'T.N.': [4318], 'Cytogenetic': [4319], 'studies': [4320], 'infertility:': [4323], 'review.Hum': [4325], '245-250PubMed': [4329], 'Structural': [4332], 'autosomal': [4336], 'chromosomes,': [4337], 'inversions': [4340], 'translocations,': [4342], 'population.': [4357], 'abnormalities,': [4364], 'increased': [4369], 'miscarriages': [4372], 'children': [4376, 4900], 'defects.': [4381], 'Karyotyping': [4382], 'offered': [4385, 4983, 5011, 5054, 5073], 'sperm.Y-Chromosome': [4401], 'MicrodeletionsMicrodeletions': [4402], 'sections': [4404], '10–15': [4413], 'percent': [4414], '(23Pryor': [4422, 4901], 'J.L.': [4423, 4902], 'Kent-First': [4424, 4903], 'Muallem': [4426, 4768, 4905, 4937], 'Van': [4428, 4907], 'Bergen': [4429, 4908], 'A.H.': [4430, 4909], 'Nolten': [4431, 4910, 4945], 'W.E.': [4432, 4911], 'Meisner': [4433, 4912], 'Roberts': [4435, 4914, 4943], 'K.P.': [4436, 4915], 'Microdeletions': [4437, 4916], 'men.N': [4444, 4923], 'Engl': [4445, 4924], 'J': [4446, 4925], 'Med.': [4447, 4926], '1997;': [4448, 4927], '336:': [4449, 4928], '534-539Crossref': [4450, 4929], '(463)': [4453, 4932], 'too': [4459], 'karyotyping,': [4466], 'polymerase': [4474], 'chain': [4475], 'analyze': [4478], 'sequence': [4479], 'tagged': [4480], 'sites': [4481], 'mapped': [4485], 'along': [4486, 4576], 'entire': [4488, 4649], 'length': [4489], 'chromosome.': [4493], 'Most': [4494], 'deletions': [4495, 4621, 4677, 4712], 'causing': [4496], 'non-overlapping': [4502], 'long': [4506], 'arm': [4507], '(Yq11).': [4512], 'designated': [4517], 'AZFa': [4519, 4715], '(proximal),': [4520], 'AZFb': [4521, 4650, 4676], '(central)': [4522], 'AZFc': [4524, 4569, 4595, 4619], '(distal).': [4525], 'appears': [4527, 4652], 'regions,': [4530], 'possibly': [4532], 'chromosome,': [4538], 'multiple': [4540], 'genes': [4541], 'DAZ': [4546], '(deleted': [4547], 'azoospermia)': [4549], 'example,': [4552], 'encodes': [4554], 'transcription': [4556], 'region.The': [4570], 'deletion': [4575, 4646, 4727], 'significantly': [4581], 'deleted': [4586], 'region': [4587, 4620, 4651, 4716, 4963], 'region,': [4596], 'ejaculate,': [4611], 'albeit': [4612], 'oligospermia.': [4615], 'production,': [4630], 'extraction': [4637], 'testis': [4639], 'biopsy.': [4640], 'involving': [4647, 4713], 'prognosis': [4658], '(24Brandell': [4662], 'R.A.': [4663], 'Mielnik': [4664], 'Liotta': [4666], 'Ye': [4668], 'Veeck': [4670], 'L.L.': [4671], 'Palermo': [4672], 'G.D.': [4673], 'Schlegel': [4674], 'P.N.': [4675], 'extraction:': [4686], 'preliminary': [4687], 'prognostic': [4691, 4733], 'test.Hum': [4693], '13:': [4696], '2812-2815Crossref': [4697], '(172)': [4700], 'Poor': [4703], 'result': [4708], '(25Krausz': [4717], 'Quintana-Murci': [4719], 'McElreavey': [4721], 'Prognostic': [4723], 'What': [4729], 'microdeletion': [4738, 4754, 4758, 4808, 4847, 4967], 'analysis?.Hum': [4739], '2000;': [4741], '15:': [4742], '1431-1434Crossref': [4743], '(232)': [4746], 'Scholar).Sons': [4748], 'individuals': [4750], 'would': [4755], 'inherit': [4756], 'consequently': [4760], '(26Kent-First': [4764], 'M.G.': [4765], 'Kol': [4766], 'Ofir': [4770], 'Manor': [4772], 'Blazer': [4774], 'incidence': [4778], 'relevance': [4781], 'Y-linked': [4783], 'babies': [4786], 'born': [4787], 'fathers.Mol': [4795], 'Hum': [4796], '1996;': [4798], '2:': [4799], '943-950Crossref': [4800], '(233)': [4803], 'thought': [4815], 'problems,': [4822], 'data': [4824], 'phenotypes': [4828], 'sons': [4831], 'fathers': [4833], 'note': [4842], 'negative': [4845], 'necessarily': [4851], 'abnormality,': [4856], 'other,': [4861], 'presently': [4862], 'unknown,': [4863], 'sequences': [4865], 'chromosomes': [4871], 'fathered': [4899], '27Kent-First': [4935], 'Shultz': [4939], 'Pryor': [4941], 'W.': [4946], 'al.Defining': [4948], 'fourth': [4961], 'AZF': [4962], '(AZFd)': [4964], 'detection.Mol': [4968], 'Dev.': [4970], '53:': [4972], '27-41Crossref': [4973], '(238)': [4976], 'nonobstructive': [4988, 5060], 'sperm.Recommendations:': [4999], 'proceeding': [5013], 'utilize': [5017], 'CBAVD.Men': [5023], '5–10': [5032], 'sperm/ml)': [5034], 'oligospermia.Karyotyping': [5048], 'ICSI.': [5068], 'either': [5081], 'detected.': [5096], 'couple.': [5216]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2465286985', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T20:47:37.043661', 'created_date': '2016-07-22'}