<scp>GSDMD</scp> membrane pore formation constitutes the mechanism of pyroptotic cell death

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Lorenzo Sborgi; Sebastian Rühl; Estefania Mulvihill; Joka Pipercevic; Rosalie Heilig; Henning Stahlberg; Christopher J. Farady; Daniel J. Müller; Petr Brož; Sebastian Hiller
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686, 699, 733, 744, 779, 788, 827, 857, 887, 907, 916, 921, 947, 977, 1017, 1036, 1039, 1049, 1082, 1090, 1117, 1126, 1174, 1188, 1200, 1258, 1265, 1273, 1288, 1304, 1329, 1385, 1397, 1409, 1418, 1430, 1447, 1488, 1499, 1507, 1514, 1521, 1528, 1546, 1559, 1575, 1579, 1584, 1605, 1613, 1632, 1652, 1707, 1715, 1744, 1776, 1785, 1793, 1825, 1838, 1846, 1856, 1863, 1878, 1883, 1890, 1901, 1918, 1932, 1953, 1955, 1975, 1984, 1999, 2010, 2051, 2066, 2071, 2073, 2114, 2140, 2160, 2169, 2177, 2216, 2221, 2254, 2266, 2315, 2341, 2403, 2420, 2452, 2500, 2545, 2563, 2569, 2582, 2615, 2633, 2650, 2672, 2699, 2728, 2735, 2741, 2788, 2803, 2808, 2832, 2900, 2911, 2958, 2968, 2976, 2982, 2985, 3012, 3066, 3073, 3088, 3118, 3147, 3214, 3237, 3247, 3256, 3294, 3309, 3365, 3386, 3401, 3407, 3429, 3439, 3472, 3484, 3490, 3496, 3519, 3537, 3550, 3573, 3581, 3587, 3595, 3604, 3622, 3664, 3671, 3699, 3726, 3741, 3758, 3777, 3792, 3827, 3846, 3867, 3890, 3908, 3924, 3929, 3971, 4012, 4018, 4045, 4051, 4054, 4069, 4077, 4108, 4134, 4138, 4150, 4272, 4293, 4297], 'pyroptotic': [15, 640, 734, 1370, 1386], 'cell': [16, 560, 587, 735, 745, 901, 1004, 1011, 1050, 1182, 1210, 1241, 1276, 1387, 1404, 1414, 1456, 1489, 1534, 1550, 1680, 1716, 2061, 2230, 2279, 2286, 2619, 2648, 2836, 4270], 'death': [17, 561, 588, 746, 1005, 1051, 1183, 1211, 1242, 1405, 1457, 1532, 1541, 1717, 2231, 4271], 'Lorenzo': [18, 20, 220, 222, 424], 'Sborgi': [19, 21, 221, 223], 'Biozentrum,': [22, 39, 81, 98, 116, 185, 207, 224, 241, 283, 300, 318, 387, 409], 'University': [23, 40, 82, 99, 117, 186, 208, 225, 242, 284, 301, 319, 388, 410, 450], 'Basel,': [25, 26, 42, 43, 68, 84, 85, 101, 102, 119, 120, 142, 168, 188, 189, 210, 211, 227, 228, 244, 245, 270, 286, 287, 303, 304, 321, 322, 344, 370, 390, 391, 412, 413, 452, 453, 466, 475], 'Switzerland': [27, 44, 69, 86, 103, 121, 143, 169, 190, 212, 229, 246, 271, 288, 305, 323, 345, 371, 392, 414, 454, 467, 476], 'Search': [28, 45, 70, 87, 104, 122, 144, 170, 191, 213, 230, 247, 272, 289, 306, 324, 346, 372, 393, 415], 'for': [29, 46, 71, 88, 105, 123, 137, 145, 171, 192, 214, 231, 248, 273, 290, 307, 325, 339, 347, 373, 394, 416, 470, 639, 834, 1148, 1492, 1641, 1840, 1912, 1945, 2137, 2331, 2660, 2683, 2703, 2745, 2772, 2777, 2816, 3086, 3155, 3338, 3349, 3354, 3857, 3941], 'more': [30, 47, 72, 89, 106, 124, 146, 172, 193, 215, 232, 249, 274, 291, 308, 326, 348, 374, 395, 417, 2979, 3619], 'papers': [31, 48, 73, 90, 107, 125, 147, 173, 194, 216, 233, 250, 275, 292, 309, 327, 349, 375, 396, 418], 'by': [32, 49, 74, 91, 108, 126, 148, 174, 195, 217, 234, 251, 276, 293, 310, 328, 350, 376, 397, 419, 565, 705, 750, 782, 811, 851, 1010, 1160, 1168, 1243, 1317, 1373, 1623, 1755, 1801, 1993, 2112, 2123, 2855, 2937, 2941, 2992, 3038, 3190, 3275, 3283, 3334, 3436, 3521, 3686, 3746, 3797, 3913, 4041, 4057, 4196, 4277], 'this': [33, 50, 75, 92, 109, 127, 149, 175, 196, 218, 235, 252, 277, 294, 311, 329, 351, 377, 398, 420, 482, 1047, 1289, 2609, 2773, 3350, 4039], 'author': [34, 51, 76, 93, 110, 128, 150, 176, 197, 219, 236, 253, 278, 295, 312, 330, 352, 378, 399, 421, 539], 'Sebastian': [35, 37, 198, 202, 237, 239, 400, 404, 426, 446], 'Rühl': [36, 38, 238, 240], 'Estefania': [52, 54, 254, 256, 428], 'Mulvihill': [53, 55, 255, 257], 'orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-2371': [56, 258], 'Department': [57, 157, 259, 359], 'Biosystems': [59, 159, 261, 361, 457], 'Science': [60, 160, 262, 362, 458], 'and': [61, 161, 263, 363, 445, 459, 520, 538, 582, 628, 651, 670, 693, 707, 730, 794, 803, 821, 862, 883, 950, 993, 998, 1014, 1057, 1071, 1094, 1130, 1153, 1157, 1164, 1198, 1269, 1309, 1323, 1358, 1382, 1416, 1552, 1594, 1598, 1634, 1644, 1659, 1790, 1843, 1854, 1864, 1915, 1933, 1973, 1982, 2032, 2036, 2039, 2045, 2078, 2229, 2274, 2300, 2318, 2333, 2345, 2370, 2411, 2463, 2470, 2506, 2535, 2608, 2618, 2639, 2644, 2680, 2695, 2705, 2725, 2878, 2919, 3000, 3020, 3159, 3166, 3241, 3249, 3306, 3424, 3475, 3530, 3553, 3710, 3760, 3810, 3850, 3876, 3893, 3900, 3934, 3961, 3973, 4063, 4089, 4114, 4177, 4179, 4207, 4249, 4255, 4336], 'Engineering,': [62, 162, 264, 364, 460], 'Eidgenössische': [63, 163, 265, 365, 461], 'Technische': [64, 164, 266, 366, 462], 'Hochschule': [65, 165, 267, 367, 463], '(ETH)': [66, 166, 268, 368, 464], 'Zurich,': [67, 167, 269, 369, 465], 'Joka': [77, 79, 279, 281, 430], 'Pipercevic': [78, 80, 280, 282], 'Rosalie': [94, 96, 296, 298, 432], 'Heilig': [95, 97, 297, 299], 'Henning': [111, 113, 313, 315, 434], 'Stahlberg': [112, 114, 314, 316], 'orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-4592': [115, 317], 'Christopher': [129, 132, 331, 334, 436], 'J': [130, 133, 152, 155, 332, 335, 354, 357, 437, 440], 'Farady': [131, 134, 333, 336], 'Novartis': [135, 337], 'Institutes': [136, 338, 469], 'BioMedical': [138, 340, 471], 'Research,': [139, 341, 472], 'Forum': [140, 342, 473], '1,': [141, 343, 474], 'Daniel': [151, 154, 353, 356, 439], 'Müller': [153, 156, 355, 358], 'Petr': [177, 181, 379, 383, 442], 'Broz': [178, 182, 380, 384, 443], 'Corresponding': [179, 200, 381, 402], 'Author': [180, 201, 382, 403, 422], '[email': [183, 204, 385, 406, 491, 500], 'protected]': [184, 205, 386, 407, 492, 501], 'Hiller': [199, 203, 401, 405, 447], 'orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-4684': [206, 408], 'Information': [423], 'Sborgi1,‡,': [425], 'Rühl1,‡,': [427], 'Mulvihill2,': [429], 'Pipercevic1,': [431], 'Heilig1,': [433], 'Stahlberg1,': [435], 'Farady3,': [438], 'Müller2,': [441], '*,1': [444, 448], '1Biozentrum,': [449], '2Department': [455], '3Novartis': [468], '‡These': [477], 'authors': [478], 'contributed': [479], 'equally': [480], 'to': [481, 541, 544, 580, 592, 796, 913, 1086, 1095, 1098, 1180, 1207, 1220, 1239, 1254, 1441, 1669, 1720, 1735, 1897, 2310, 2347, 2509, 2516, 2576, 2591, 2625, 2791, 2799, 2852, 2880, 3174, 3462, 3568, 3652, 3735, 3786, 3834, 3873, 3881, 4082, 4221, 4229, 4243, 4313], 'work': [483, 965, 4258], '*Corresponding': [484, 493], 'author.': [485, 494], 'Tel:': [486, 495], '+41': [487, 496], '6126': [488, 497], '72342;': [489], 'E-mail:': [490, 499], '72082;': [498], 'The': [502, 785, 939, 1079, 1171, 1390, 2183, 2247, 2427, 2446, 2785, 2826, 3226, 3362, 3500, 3738, 3789, 3905, 3993, 4074, 4320], 'EMBO': [503], 'Journal': [504], '(2016)35:1766-1778https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201694696': [505], 'See': [506], 'also:': [507], 'MM': [508], 'Gaidt': [509], '&': [510, 551, 1021, 2180, 2525], 'V': [511], 'Hornung': [512], '(October': [513], '2016)': [514], 'PDFDownload': [515], 'PDF': [516], 'article': [518], 'text': [519], 'main': [521], 'figures.': [522], 'Peer': [523], 'ReviewDownload': [524], 'a': [525, 556, 598, 614, 625, 637, 677, 741, 770, 825, 885, 974, 1001, 1034, 1115, 1244, 1259, 1330, 1398, 1410, 1426, 1438, 1470, 1474, 1485, 1639, 1650, 1745, 1898, 2064, 2095, 2161, 2194, 2382, 2450, 2552, 2605, 2616, 2804, 2867, 2888, 2908, 2955, 2996, 3001, 3013, 3026, 3152, 3182, 3212, 3231, 3254, 3292, 3383, 3416, 3448, 3585, 3591, 3601, 3661, 3697, 3747, 3798, 3844, 3914, 3927, 3985, 4016, 4049, 4067, 4121, 4127, 4144, 4159, 4278], 'summary': [526], 'editorial': [529, 533], 'decision': [530, 534], 'including': [532], 'letters,': [535], 'reviewer': [536], 'comments': [537], 'responses': [540], 'feedback.': [542], 'ToolsAdd': [543], 'favoritesDownload': [545], 'CitationsTrack': [546], 'CitationsPermissions': [547], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinked': [548], 'InMendeleyWechatReddit': [549], 'Figures': [550], 'Info': [552], 'Abstract': [553], 'Pyroptosis': [554, 774], 'is': [555, 563, 635, 727, 832, 840, 1008, 1052, 1084, 1146, 1158, 1280, 1379, 1608, 2135, 2381, 2440, 2611, 2917, 2935, 2953, 3017, 3035, 3137, 3272, 3287, 3515, 3526, 3534, 3610, 3627, 3650, 3744, 3795, 3911, 3991, 4079, 4194, 4219], 'lytic': [557, 742, 1486], 'type': [558, 743, 1048, 1487], 'that': [562, 576, 656, 671, 725, 759, 831, 943, 987, 1007, 1223, 1282, 1314, 1324, 1346, 1377, 1525, 1539, 1548, 1690, 2091, 2133, 2154, 2205, 2379, 2483, 2862, 2914, 2932, 3187, 3614, 3647, 4265], 'initiated': [564], 'inflammatory': [566, 783, 948], 'caspases.': [567, 784, 1170], 'These': [568, 875, 1216, 2795], 'caspases': [569, 739, 815, 949, 954], 'are': [570, 824, 849, 958, 1997, 2769, 3179, 3346, 3674, 3861, 3945, 3997], 'activated': [571, 841], 'within': [572, 842, 2258], 'multi-protein': [573, 844], 'inflammasome': [574, 1155, 2027, 2629], 'complexes': [575, 845], 'assemble': [577], 'in': [578, 648, 652, 808, 1128, 1306, 1310, 1334, 1351, 1368, 1450, 1458, 1467, 1473, 1518, 1626, 1629, 1704, 1758, 1880, 1950, 2034, 2057, 2068, 2086, 2144, 2196, 2207, 2234, 2263, 2277, 2284, 2320, 2325, 2360, 2365, 2374, 2396, 2407, 2412, 2434, 2467, 2475, 2604, 2636, 2646, 2677, 2721, 2758, 2763, 2793, 2810, 2820, 2847, 2857, 2987, 2995, 3009, 3025, 3061, 3139, 3198, 3230, 3278, 3369, 3396, 3415, 3419, 3426, 3447, 3469, 3615, 3999, 4022, 4086, 4097, 4147, 4162, 4175, 4300, 4333], 'response': [579], 'pathogens': [581, 1097], 'endogenous': [583, 893], 'danger': [584, 894], 'signals.': [585], 'Pyroptotic': [586, 1403], 'has': [589, 607, 966, 1293], 'been': [590, 1252, 4156], 'proposed': [591], 'proceed': [593], 'via': [594, 2442], 'plasma': [599, 678, 765, 797, 1260, 1336, 1400, 1411, 1420, 1562, 1653, 1747, 2054, 2162, 2198, 2422, 2497, 2547], 'pore,': [601, 1262, 1413, 1564], 'but': [602, 1166, 1465, 1698, 1725, 2390, 2473, 2939, 3149, 3468, 3638, 4116], 'underlying': [604], 'molecular': [605, 889, 1581, 1603, 1893, 1958, 2175, 3494], 'remained': [608], 'unclear.': [609], 'Recently,': [610], 'gasdermin': [611, 619, 754, 761, 780, 789, 1119], 'D': [612, 762, 781, 790, 801], '(GSDMD),': [613], 'member': [615, 1116], 'ill-characterized': [618], 'protein': [620, 753, 853, 864, 1120, 2729, 2827, 2864, 2916, 3227, 4183, 4216, 4246, 4287], 'family,': [621, 1121], 'was': [622, 985, 1061, 1177, 1205, 1667, 1796, 1849, 1926, 2109, 2119, 2275, 2290, 2357, 2394, 2405, 2430, 2464, 2574, 2588, 2716, 2730, 2756, 2876, 3059, 3217, 3228, 3259, 3297, 3328, 3460, 3479], 'identified': [623, 967, 1111, 1428, 4157], 'as': [624, 748, 878, 973, 989, 991, 1033, 1122, 1638, 1649, 1700, 1753, 1991, 2063, 2281, 2283, 2350, 2529, 2719, 2761, 2887, 3023, 3144, 3151, 3434, 3584, 3696, 3843, 3926, 3967, 4015, 4158, 4189], 'caspase': [626], 'substrate': [627, 976, 2957], 'an': [629, 1123, 1231, 1568, 1701, 2166, 2252, 3145, 3427, 3566, 4329], 'essential': [630, 833, 1124], 'mediator': [631, 1125, 1429], 'pyroptosis.': [633, 2106], 'thus': [636, 2954, 4339], 'candidate': [638], 'formation.': [642], 'Here,': [643, 1298], 'we': [644, 1299, 1436, 1494, 1565, 2059, 2089, 2223, 2308, 2495, 2930, 2963, 3372, 3577, 4047, 4065, 4091, 4130, 4263], 'characterize': [645, 1480, 2492], 'function': [647, 1081, 2065, 2807, 3586, 3845, 3928, 4017], 'live': [649, 1307], 'cells': [650, 1132, 1308, 1460, 1468, 1628, 1721, 1760, 1795, 1809, 1831, 1869, 1904, 2323, 2326, 2367, 2851, 4274], 'vitro.': [653, 1311, 2811], 'We': [654, 1312, 1353, 1619, 2812, 4007, 4169], 'show': [655, 758, 1345, 1852, 1971], 'N-terminal': [658, 684, 786, 1172, 1228, 1391, 1444, 1774, 1823, 1876, 2184, 2786, 2998, 3363], 'fragment': [659, 685, 787, 1173, 1393, 1445, 1775, 1824, 1877, 2186, 2787, 3364], 'caspase-1-cleaved': [661, 687], 'rapidly': [663], 'targets': [664, 763, 791, 802, 1320, 2187, 2486, 3204], 'fraction': [667, 2363, 2410, 3326], 'macrophages': [669, 2015, 2237, 2654, 2701, 2743, 4304], 'it': [672, 768, 984, 1060, 1279, 1325, 1691, 2380, 2439, 3163, 4153, 4238], 'induces': [673, 1000, 1326, 1394, 1741], 'pore.': [680, 773], 'In': [681, 897, 1338, 3006, 3565, 4038, 4126, 4209], 'vitro,': [682], 'recombinant': [688, 1343, 2814, 2933, 3393], 'tightly': [690], 'binds': [691], 'liposomes': [692, 2792, 3071, 3090, 3129, 3178, 3205, 3307, 3370, 3441, 3505, 3673, 3695, 3714, 3764, 3814, 3953, 4085, 4106, 4119], 'forms': [694, 769, 1348, 3021, 3367, 3377], 'large': [695, 771, 843, 1331, 1349, 1399, 1746], 'permeability': [696, 772, 1332, 3485, 3685], 'pores.': [697, 3379], 'Visualization': [698], 'liposome-inserted': [700], 'at': [702, 2000, 2293, 2339, 2897, 3211, 3219, 3253, 3261, 3291, 3299, 3336, 3341, 3491, 3507, 3590, 3660, 3676, 3840, 3887, 3921, 4033, 4214], 'nanometer': [703], 'resolution': [704], 'cryo-electron': [706, 1357], 'atomic': [708, 1359], 'force': [709, 1360], 'microscopy': [710], 'shows': [711], 'circular': [712], 'pores': [713, 1041, 1350, 1593, 3368, 3486, 4224], 'with': [714, 1184, 1234, 1341, 1356, 1762, 1781, 1811, 1834, 1871, 1907, 1941, 2017, 2081, 2130, 2165, 2239, 2271, 2328, 2376, 2417, 2460, 2549, 2566, 2585, 2613, 2663, 2708, 2748, 2830, 2859, 2926, 3056, 3069, 3101, 3116, 3127, 3222, 3264, 3302, 3382, 3392, 3442, 3487, 3561, 3716, 3723, 3766, 3774, 3816, 3824, 3896, 3955, 3963, 3979, 4184, 4198, 4225, 4252], 'variable': [715, 2759, 3964], 'ring': [716], 'diameters': [717, 3489], 'around': [718], '20': [719, 2259, 2334, 2706, 3616, 3742, 3793], 'nm.': [720], 'Overall,': [721, 1362, 2150, 2479], 'these': [722, 956, 1355, 1363, 1585, 2151, 2306, 2342, 2480, 4253], 'data': [723, 2768, 3345, 3996, 4254], 'demonstrate': [724, 1313], 'direct': [729, 1383], 'final': [731, 1381, 1899, 1966], 'executor': [732, 1384], 'death.': [736, 1388], 'Synopsis': [737], 'Inflammatory': [738, 814], 'induce': [740, 1181, 1240, 1712, 4269], 'known': [747, 2515], 'pyroptosis': [749, 1083, 1127, 1149, 1189, 1249, 2038, 2134, 2156, 4307], 'cleaving': [751], 'D.': [755, 1860], 'New': [756], 'findings': [757, 2796], 'cleaved': [760, 2634, 2642, 2736, 2936, 3229, 3250, 4055, 4195], 'membrane,': [766, 2456], 'where': [767, 3667, 3706, 3755, 3806, 3869], 'induction': [775, 1150], 'involves': [776, 1406, 2157], 'cleavage': [778, 810, 1225, 1316, 2220, 2970, 2991, 3208, 3518, 4061], 'cellular': [792, 1321, 2188, 2602, 2626], 'membranes': [793, 806, 1322, 2189, 2487, 2584, 2603, 2627, 2740], 'leads': [795, 912], 'permeabilization.': [799], 'Gasdermin': [800], 'permeabilizes': [804], 'liposome': [805, 3412, 3684], 'after': [807, 1151, 1315, 1504, 2218, 2261, 2488, 2502, 2628, 3206, 4308], 'vitro': [809, 1339, 2794], 'caspase-1.': [812, 3225, 3267], 'Introduction': [813], '(caspase-1,': [816], 'human': [817, 819, 995, 1129, 2818, 2928, 4298, 4315], 'caspase-4,': [818, 922, 1163], 'caspase-5,': [820, 999, 1165], 'murine': [822, 1131, 2012], 'caspase-11)': [823], 'group': [826], 'cysteine-dependent': [828], 'aspartate-directed': [829], 'proteases': [830], 'host': [835, 1275, 2872], 'innate': [836], 'immune': [837], 'defense.': [838], 'Caspase-1': [839], 'termed': [846], 'inflammasomes,': [847], 'which': [848], 'assembled': [850], 'pyrin': [854], 'or': [855, 892, 924, 1069, 1291, 1769, 1818, 1922, 1979, 2200, 2324, 2520, 2658, 2945, 3064, 3077, 3105, 3313, 3399], 'members': [856], 'NOD-like': [859], 'receptor': [860], '(NLR)': [861], 'PYHIN': [863], 'families': [865], '(Latz': [866], 'et': [867, 872, 927, 932, 936, 980, 1025, 1029, 1043, 1076, 1103, 1134, 1138, 1142, 1191, 1195, 1213, 2029, 2147, 2948, 4166, 4260], 'al,': [868, 873, 928, 933, 937, 981, 1026, 1030, 1044, 1077, 1104, 1135, 1139, 1143, 1192, 1196, 1214, 2030, 2148, 2949, 4167, 4261], '2013;': [869, 930, 934], 'von': [870], 'Moltke': [871], '2013).': [874], 'proteins': [876, 2519, 4235], 'act': [877], 'cytosolic': [879, 2362, 2384], 'pattern-recognition': [880], 'receptors': [881, 3197], '(PRRs)': [882], 'detect': [884], 'variety': [886], 'pathogen-associated': [888], 'patterns': [890], '(PAMPs)': [891], 'signals': [895], '(DAMPs).': [896], 'contrast,': [898], 'bacterial': [900, 4109], 'wall': [902], 'component': [903], 'lipopolysaccharide': [904], '(LPS),': [905], 'one': [906], 'strongest': [909], 'immune-system': [910], 'activators,': [911], 'assembly': [915], '"non-canonical"': [917], 'inflammasomes': [918], 'through': [919, 1533, 1592], 'activation': [920, 946, 1156, 2273, 2630], 'caspase-5': [923], 'caspase-11': [925, 992], '(Kayagaki': [926, 1190, 4165, 4259], '2011,': [929], 'Hagar': [931], 'Shi': [935, 1028, 1141, 1194], '2014).': [938], 'downstream': [940], 'signaling': [941, 1371], 'pathways': [942], 'follow': [944], 'how': [951], 'active': [953, 3067, 3402], 'initiate': [955, 2202], 'events': [957, 2204], 'still': [959], 'poorly': [960, 3052], 'understood': [961], '(Lamkanfi,': [962, 1277], '2011).': [963], 'Initial': [964], 'pro-inflammatory': [969], 'cytokine': [970, 2040, 2143], 'interleukin': [971], '(IL)-1β': [972], 'key': [975, 4145], 'caspase-1': [978, 2225, 2249, 2255, 2272, 2977, 2993, 3068, 3207, 3305, 3403, 3455, 3593, 3709, 3775, 3809, 3851, 3899, 3976, 4020, 4197], '(Thornberry': [979], '1992).': [982], 'Subsequently,': [983], 'found': [986, 1178, 1206, 2359, 2406, 2466, 4264], 'caspase-1,': [988, 1161, 1318, 2938, 3476, 3522, 4046], 'well': [990, 2282, 2829, 4326], 'its': [994, 2959], 'orthologs': [996], 'caspase-4': [997], 'novel': [1002], 'programmed': [1003], 'pathway': [1006, 1372], 'characterized': [1009, 2964], 'swelling,': [1012, 1415], 'lysis,': [1013, 1600], 'release': [1016, 1503, 1637, 1672, 1806, 1848, 1866, 1924, 1935, 2041, 2118, 2139, 2289, 2517, 3463, 3478, 3502, 3583, 3609, 3642, 3691, 3839, 3920, 3949, 4014, 4072, 4095, 4212], 'cytoplasmic': [1018], 'content': [1019], '(Fink': [1020, 1042], 'Cookson,': [1022], '2007;': [1023], 'Kayagaki': [1024, 1137], '2011;': [1027], '2014),': [1031], 'presumably': [1032, 2437], 'result': [1035, 2206], '2008).': [1045], 'Since': [1046, 1248], 'morphologically': [1053], 'distinct': [1054], 'from': [1055, 1064, 1230, 1807, 1867, 1936, 2738, 2893, 3078, 3091, 3164, 3181, 3318, 3330, 3410, 3465, 3504, 3694, 3950, 3987, 4120, 4201], 'apoptosis': [1056], 'intrinsically': [1058, 3157], 'pro-inflammatory,': [1059], 'named': [1062], 'pyroptosis,': [1063, 1431, 1493, 1547], 'Greek': [1066], 'pyro': [1067], '(fire': [1068], 'fever)': [1070], 'ptosis': [1072], '(to': [1073], 'fall)': [1074], '(Bergsbaken': [1075], '2009).': [1078], 'physiological': [1080], 'thought': [1085], 'be': [1087, 1730, 1736, 2921], 'prevention': [1089], 'intracellular': [1091], 'pathogen': [1092], 'replication': [1093], 're-expose': [1096], 'extracellular': [1099], 'killing': [1100], 'mechanisms': [1101, 3549], '(Miao': [1102], '2010).': [1105], 'Several': [1106], 'landmark': [1107], 'studies': [1108], 'have': [1109, 2866], 'recently': [1110, 1427], '(gasdermin': [1113], 'D),': [1114], '(He': [1133], '2015;': [1136, 1140, 1193], '2015).': [1144, 1215, 1297, 2149, 2211, 2950, 4168], 'required': [1147, 2136], 'canonical': [1152], 'non-canonical': [1154], 'processed': [1159, 2248], 'caspase-11,': [1162], 'not': [1167, 1466, 1678, 1685, 1693, 1711, 1729, 2104, 2110, 2458, 2474, 2541, 2556, 2845, 2940, 3018, 3099, 3125, 3142, 3193, 3288, 4103], 'apoptotic': [1169, 2943], '(GSDMDNterm)': [1176, 1446, 2999, 3240], 'sufficient': [1179, 3648, 4081], 'morphological': [1186, 1544], 'features': [1187, 1545], '2015),': [1197, 4262], 'overexpression': [1199], 'C-terminal': [1202, 3003], 'domain': [1203, 1229, 3136], 'GSDMDCterm': [1204, 3045, 3123, 3135, 3286], 'block': [1208, 1694], 'GSDMDNterm-dependent': [1209], '(Shi': [1212, 2146, 2947], 'results': [1217, 1364, 2033, 2481, 2994, 3414], 'gave': [1218], 'rise': [1219], 'hypothesis': [1222, 2861], 'caspase-dependent': [1224], 'releases': [1226], 'inhibitory': [1232], 'interaction': [1233], 'C-terminus,': [1236], 'allowing': [1237], 'GSDMDNterm': [1238, 1283, 1305, 1319, 1347, 1482, 1509, 1515, 1530, 1621, 1740, 2190, 2217, 2319, 2393, 2404, 2462, 2485, 2558, 2594, 2599, 2623, 2809, 2843, 3016, 3054, 3113, 3148, 3171, 3191, 3203, 3271, 3376, 3682, 4056], 'yet': [1245], 'undefined': [1246], 'mechanism.': [1247], 'had': [1250, 1542, 2094, 4142, 4154], 'long': [1251], 'speculated': [1253], 'involve': [1255], 'immediate': [1263], 'destruction': [1264], 'electrochemical': [1267], 'gradient,': [1268], 'subsequent': [1270], 'osmotic': [1271, 1599, 1642], 'lysis': [1272, 1643, 2062], '2011),': [1278], 'likely': [1281], 'either': [1284, 2321, 3074, 3102, 3117], 'promotes': [1285], 'itself': [1292, 2192], 'pore-forming': [1294, 2806], 'activity': [1295, 4241], '(Broz,': [1296, 2210], 'investigate': [1300, 1423], 'functional': [1302, 2956, 4223, 4342], 'role': [1303, 4146], 'membrane.': [1337, 1421, 3200], 'experiments': [1340, 2152, 3860, 3944, 3990, 4338], 'purified': [1342, 2879, 4180], 'liposomes.': [1352, 3655, 3904, 3981], 'visualize': [1354, 3569], 'microscopy.': [1361], 'close': [1365], 'gaps': [1367], 'providing': [1374], 'proof': [1376], 'Results': [1389], 'rupture': [1417, 3438], 'To': [1422, 1479, 1555, 2047, 2212, 2491, 3048], 'whether': [1424, 1481, 3050, 3374], 'GSDMD,': [1425, 2222, 2389, 2641, 2684, 4151], 'mediates': [1432], 'directly,': [1435, 1697], 'developed': [1437], 'doxycycline-inducible': [1439, 4279], 'system': [1440], 'express': [1442, 2846], 'mouse': [1448, 4163, 4303], 'HEK293T': [1451, 1459, 1627, 1759, 1808, 1868, 2087, 4273], 'cells.': [1452, 2825, 2873], 'Doxycycline': [1453], 'treatment': [1454, 2125], 'caused': [1455], 'harboring': [1461, 1469, 1772, 1821, 1874], 'GSDMDNterm-expressing': [1463], 'plasmid,': [1464], 'vector': [1471], 'control,': [1472], 'concentration-dependent': [1475, 3421], 'manner': [1476, 3233], '(Fig': [1477, 1510, 1657, 2076, 2242, 2298, 2352, 2368, 2512, 2971, 3029, 3130, 3404, 3598, 4036, 4112, 4124, 4247], '1A).': [1478], 'expression': [1483, 1506, 1516, 1527, 1622, 1757, 2815, 2824, 4292], 'induced': [1484, 1531, 1620], 'death,': [1490], 'characteristic': [1491], 'next': [1495, 1566, 4128], 'measured': [1496, 1635, 2060, 3578, 4009], 'amount': [1498, 2727, 4076], 'LDH': [1500, 1522, 1636, 1671, 1805, 1847, 1865, 1923, 1934, 2288], '(lactate': [1501], 'dehydrogenase)': [1502, 2698], 'doxycycline-induced': [1505], '1B).': [1511], 'Increasing': [1512], 'levels': [1513, 1520, 1714, 2854, 4096], 'resulted': [1517], 'increased': [1519], 'release,': [1523], 'indicating': [1524, 1689, 2913, 3481], 'ectopic': [1526], 'lysis.': [1535, 1681, 2620], 'Microscopy': [1536], 'analysis': [1537, 2632, 2682], 'showed': [1538, 2907, 4239], 'GSDMDNterm-induced': [1540, 1561], 'is,': [1549], 'swelling': [1551, 1597], 'nuclear': [1553], 'condensation.': [1554], 'estimate': [1556, 2048], 'size': [1558, 2050, 2075, 2176, 2894, 3495], 'employed': [1567], 'osmoprotection': [1569, 2083], 'assay': [1570], 'based': [1571], 'on': [1572, 1961, 2305, 2870], 'addition': [1574, 1625], 'polyethylene': [1576], 'glycols': [1577], '(PEGs)': [1578], 'increasing': [1580, 2074], 'weight.': [1582], 'Addition': [1583], 'high-molecular': [1586], 'polymers': [1587], 'can': [1588, 2920], 'prevent': [1589, 1686, 2105], 'water': [1590], 'influx': [1591, 2108], 'resulting': [1596, 3277], 'if': [1601], 'diameter': [1604, 1612, 2168], 'agent': [1607], 'larger': [1609, 1726], 'than': [1610, 2980, 3620, 4284], '(Appendix': [1616, 1722, 2042, 2126, 2595, 2882, 3451, 4204, 4288, 4317], 'Fig': [1617, 1723, 2043, 2127, 2245, 2302, 2372, 2596, 2883, 3452, 4205, 4289, 4318], 'S1A).': [1618], 'doxycycline': [1624, 1786, 1839, 1911], 'presence': [1631, 1882, 1952, 2070, 2419, 3063, 3398, 3471], 'PEGs': [1633, 1676, 1703, 1727, 1889, 1954, 2072, 2102], 'readout': [1640], 'propidium': [1645], 'iodide': [1646], '(PI)': [1647], 'staining': [1648, 1862, 1920, 1931], 'measure': [1651], '1C': [1658], 'D).': [1660, 2046], 'Only': [1661, 2560], 'largest': [1663], 'sized': [1664], 'agent,': [1665], 'PEG3000,': [1666], 'able': [1668, 2575, 2590, 3461, 4220], 'reduce': [1670, 1679], 'partially,': [1673], 'while': [1674, 2099, 3042, 4027], 'smaller': [1675, 2101], 'did': [1677, 1684, 1710, 2103, 2457, 2540, 2555, 2844, 3098, 3124, 4102], 'Importantly,': [1682, 4100], 'PEG3000': [1683, 2093, 2178], 'PI': [1687, 1861, 1919, 1930, 2107], 'influx,': [1688], 'does': [1692, 3192], 'functions': [1699], 'osmoprotectant.': [1702], 'range': [1706, 4024], '600–3,000': [1708], 'Da': [1709], 'significant': [1713], 'when': [1718, 4275, 4311], 'added': [1719, 1896], 'S1B),': [1724], 'could': [1728, 4267], 'used,': [1731], 'since': [1732, 2438, 4152], 'they': [1733], 'proved': [1734], 'cytotoxic.': [1737], 'Figure': [1738, 2621, 2778, 3201, 3355, 3680, 4001], '1.': [1739], 'A.': [1750], 'Cell': [1751], 'viability': [1752], 'assessed': [1754], 'GFP': [1756], 'transfected': [1761, 1810, 1870], 'pRetroX': [1764, 1770, 1813, 1819, 1872], 'TetOne3G-eGFP': [1765, 1771, 1814, 1820, 1873], 'plasmid': [1766, 1815], 'only': [1767, 1816, 2092, 3143, 3668, 4104, 4226], '(vector)': [1768, 1817], 'GSDMD.': [1777, 1826, 3251, 4139], 'Cells': [1778, 2336], 'were': [1779, 1832, 1895, 1905, 2337, 3390, 3721, 3772, 3822, 3884, 3977], 'treated': [1780, 1833, 1906], 'indicated': [1783, 1836, 1892, 1947, 1957], 'concentrations': [1784, 1837, 2568, 3725, 3826, 3889], '24': [1787, 1828, 1886], 'h': [1788, 1799, 1829, 1842, 1887, 3340], 'post-transfection,': [1789, 1830, 1888], 'percentage': [1792, 1845, 3698], 'GFP-positive': [1794], 'determined': [1797, 1992], '16': [1798], 'later': [1800], 'flow': [1802], 'cytometry.': [1803], 'B.': [1804], 'At': [1827, 1885, 3600, 4233], '8': [1841, 1913], 'determined.': [1850, 1927], 'Graphs': [1851, 1970], 'mean': [1853, 1972, 1981], 's.d.': [1855, 1974, 1983], 'quadruplicate': [1857, 1976], 'wells.': [1858], 'C,': [1859], 'osmoprotectants.': [1884, 2116], 'weights': [1894], 'concentration': [1900, 3213, 3255, 3293, 3385, 3563, 3571, 3589, 3594, 3603, 3663, 3776, 4021, 4031, 4044], '30': [1902, 1964], 'mM,': [1903], '250': [1908], 'ng': [1909], 'ml−1': [1910], 'h,': [1914, 3323], 'level': [1917], '(C)': [1921, 3802], '(D)': [1925, 3837], 'E,': [1928], 'F.': [1929], 'LPS-primed': [1937, 2652], 'primary': [1938, 2011], 'BMDMs': [1939, 2145, 2501, 2583], 'infected': [1940, 2238, 2327, 2659, 2702, 2744], 'log-phase': [1942, 2664, 2709, 2749], 'S.': [1943, 2240, 2329, 2503, 2665, 2710, 2750], 'typhimurium': [1944, 2241, 2330, 2504, 2666, 2711, 2751], 'time': [1948, 2067, 2233, 2296, 2343, 2966, 3678, 3692, 3739, 3790, 3906], 'points': [1949, 2297, 2344], 'weight': [1959], '(numbers': [1960], 'x-axis,': [1963], 'mM': [1965, 3311], 'concentration).': [1967], 'Data': [1968, 1996, 2776, 3353], 'information:': [1969], 'wells': [1977, 1986], '(B–F)': [1978], 'duplicate': [1985], '(A).': [1987], '*P': [1988], '<': [1989], '0.05': [1990], "Student's": [1994], 't-test.': [1995], 'representative': [1998, 3986], 'least': [2001, 3492, 3508], 'three': [2002, 3509, 3858, 3942, 3988], 'independent': [2003, 3859, 3943, 3989], 'experiments.': [2004], 'Download': [2005, 2007, 2781, 2783, 3358, 3360, 4003, 4005], 'figure': [2006, 2782, 3359, 4004], 'PowerPoint': [2008, 2784, 3361, 4006], 'Infection': [2009], 'bone': [2013], 'marrow-derived': [2014], '(BMDMs)': [2016], 'Salmonella': [2018, 4309], 'enterica': [2019], 'serovar': [2020], 'Typhimurium': [2021], '(S.': [2022], 'typhimurium)': [2023], 'activates': [2024], 'NLRC4': [2026], '(Mariathasan': [2028], '2004)': [2031], 'caspase-1-': [2035], 'GSDMD-dependent': [2037, 2053, 2155], 'S1C': [2044], 'BMDMs,': [2058], '1E': [2077], 'F).': [2079, 4250], 'Consistent': [2080, 4251], 'experiment': [2084, 3028, 3246, 3450], 'done': [2085], 'cells,': [2088], 'observed': [2090, 4323], 'small': [2096], 'protective': [2097], 'effect,': [2098], 'all': [2100, 3654, 4084, 4098], 'affected': [2111, 2122], 'any': [2113, 3195], 'IL-1β': [2117], 'also': [2120, 2291, 2431, 2589, 3150, 4118, 4268], 'partially': [2121, 4305], 'PEG': [2124], 'S1E);': [2128], 'consistent': [2129], 'observation': [2132], 'efficient': [2138, 3612], 'mature': [2142], 'suggest': [2153, 2482], 'inner': [2167], 'over': [2170, 2232], '3.5': [2171], 'nm,': [2172], 'estimated': [2174], '(Scherrer': [2179], 'Gerhardt,': [2181], '1971).': [2182], 'might': [2191, 2865], 'form': [2193, 4222], 'alternatively': [2201], 'other': [2203], 'define': [2213], 'fate': [2215], 'caspase-1-dependent': [2219], 'followed': [2224], 'activation,': [2226, 2256], 'processing,': [2228], 'immortalized': [2235, 2651, 4301], 'wild-type': [2236, 3870, 3931, 4191, 4202, 4231, 4245, 4314], '2A,': [2243], 'Appendix': [2244, 2301, 2371, 4000], 'S2A).': [2246], 'p20': [2250], 'fragment,': [2251], 'indicator': [2253], 'appeared': [2257], 'min': [2260, 2662, 2707, 2747, 3743, 3794, 3910, 3923], 'infection': [2262, 2505, 4310], 'supernatant': [2265, 3332], 'macrophages.': [2267], 'processing': [2269], 'correlated': [2270], 'detectable': [2276, 2292, 2853], 'lysate': [2280], 'supernatant.': [2287], 'same': [2295, 2841, 4186], '1F': [2299], 'S1C).': [2303], 'Based': [2304], 'data,': [2307], 'decided': [2309], 'determine': [2311, 3049], 'subcellular': [2313, 2348, 2674], 'localization': [2314], 'full-length': [2316, 2388, 2640, 2817, 3096, 3140, 3248, 3394, 3457], 'uninfected': [2322, 2366, 2656], '10': [2332, 2704, 2746], 'min.': [2335, 2989], 'harvested': [2338], 'each': [2340, 3983], 'subjected': [2346, 2507], 'fractionation': [2349, 2675], 'outlined': [2351], '2B).': [2353], 'full': [2355], 'length': [2356], 'exclusively': [2358], '(S150)': [2364], '2C': [2369], 'S2B),': [2373], 'line': [2375], 'notion': [2378], 'soluble,': [2383], 'protein.': [2385, 4192, 4232], 'After': [2386, 3031, 3268, 3321], 'infection,': [2387], 'very': [2391, 3611], 'little': [2392], 'detected': [2395], 'S150': [2398], 'fraction.': [2399, 2478, 3094], 'Instead,': [2400], 'majority': [2402], 'P150': [2409, 2477], 'P10': [2414, 2471], 'fraction,': [2415], 'correlating': [2416], 'marker': [2424, 2448], 'Na+K+': [2425, 2428, 2685], 'ATPase.': [2426], 'ATPase': [2429], 'strongly': [2432, 3173], 'present': [2433], 'P10,': [2436], 'secreted': [2441], 'ER/Golgi': [2444], 'pathway.': [2445], 'mitochondrial': [2447, 2455], 'VDAC,': [2449], 'porin': [2451], 'outer': [2454], 'correlate': [2459], 'mainly': [2465], 'P0.7': [2469], 'fractions,': [2472], 'caspase-1-mediated': [2489], 'cleavage.': [2490], 'interaction,': [2494], 'isolated': [2496, 2739, 2877], 'fractions': [2499], 'them': [2508], 'different': [2510, 2927, 3704, 3753, 3804, 3865], 'treatments': [2511], '2D).': [2513], 'Conditions': [2514], 'membrane-associated': [2518], 'destabilize': [2521], 'protein–protein': [2522], 'interactions': [2523], '(Gatfield': [2524], 'Pieters,': [2526], '2000),': [2527], 'such': [2528], 'high': [2530, 4215], 'salt': [2531], '(1': [2532], 'M': [2533], 'NaCl)': [2534], 'sodium': [2536], 'carbonate': [2537], '(pH': [2538], '11)': [2539], 'solubilize': [2542, 2557, 2578, 2593], 'GSDMDNterm.': [2543, 2579, 3538], 'Extraction': [2544, 2734, 2755], '0.02%': [2550], 'digitonin,': [2551], 'cholesterol-sequestering': [2553], 'detergent,': [2554], 'either.': [2559], 'disruption': [2562], 'low': [2567], 'detergent': [2571, 3444], 'SDS': [2572], '(0.1%)': [2573], 'fully': [2577, 3114], 'Consistently,': [2580], 'extraction': [2581], '1%': [2586], 'Triton': [2587, 3445], 'partly': [2592], 'S2C).': [2597], 'Thus,': [2598], 'integrates': [2600], 'into': [2601, 3234, 4328], 'cholesterol-independent': [2606], 'manner,': [2607], 'integration': [2610], 'associated': [2612, 3115], '2.': [2622], 'localizes': [2624], 'Immunoblot': [2631], 'culture': [2637], 'supernatants': [2638], 'α-tubulin': [2645], 'lysates': [2649], 'WT': [2653, 2700, 2742, 4286], 'left': [2655], '(NS)': [2657], '10–40': [2661], '(MOI': [2667, 2712, 2752], '=': [2668, 2713, 2753], '50).': [2669, 2714, 2754], 'Schematic': [2670], 'representation': [2671], 'shown': [2676, 3998], '(C).': [2678], 'Fractionation': [2679, 2715], 'immunoblot': [2681], 'ATPase,': [2686], 'VDAC': [2687], '(voltage-dependent': [2688], 'anion': [2689], 'channel),': [2690], 'HDAC1': [2691], '(histone': [2692], 'deacetylase': [2693], '1),': [2694], 'GAPDH': [2696], '(glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphate': [2697], 'carried': [2717, 2757], 'out': [2718], 'described': [2720, 2762], '4': [2723, 2765, 3310], 'section,': [2724], 'equivalent': [2726], 'loaded': [2731, 3954], 'per': [2732], 'lane.': [2733], 'conditions': [2760], 'section.': [2766], 'available': [2770, 3175, 3347, 3651], 'online': [2771, 3348], 'figure.': [2774, 3351], '2': [2779, 2983, 3215, 3257, 3322], '[embj201694696-sup-0002-SDataFig2.zip]': [2780], 'associates': [2790, 3055, 3172], 'encouraged': [2797], 'us': [2798], 'attempt': [2800, 3567], 'reconstitution': [2802], 'possible': [2805], 'established': [2813], 'E.': [2821, 2848, 3079, 3107, 3319, 3717, 3767], 'coli': [2822, 2849, 3080, 3108, 3718, 3768], 'BL21(DE3)': [2823, 2850], 'expressed': [2828, 4178, 4276], 'yields': [2831], '1.5': [2833], 'mg': [2834], 'l−1': [2835], 'culture.': [2837], 'Notably,': [2838], 'following': [2839], 'protocol,': [2842], 'SDS–PAGE,': [2856], 'agreement': [2858], 'toxic': [2868], 'effect': [2869, 3423, 4332], 'Full-length': [2874], 'homogeneity': [2881], 'S3A).': [2884], 'It': [2885], 'elutes': [2886], 'monodisperse,': [2889], 'homogeneous': [2890], 'elution': [2891], 'peak': [2892], 'exclusion': [2895], 'chromatography,': [2896], 'position': [2899], 'expected': [2902], 'monomeric': [2903], 'species.': [2904], 'Thermal': [2905], 'denaturation': [2906], 'melting': [2909], 'point': [2910, 3740, 3791, 3907], '43°C,': [2912], 'folded': [2918], 'thermally': [2922], 'denatured.': [2923], 'Upon': [2924], 'incubation': [2925], 'caspases,': [2929], 'confirmed': [2931], 'caspase-3': [2944], 'caspase-8': [2946], 'Recombinant': [2951], 'native': [2960], 'enzyme.': [2961], 'Then,': [2962], 'dependence': [2967, 3572], '3A).': [2972], 'About': [2973], '5': [2974, 3223, 3265, 3303, 3596, 3707, 3807, 3897, 3974], 'nM': [2975, 3224, 3266, 3304, 3597, 3708, 3757, 3808, 3895, 3898, 3970, 3975, 4035], 'cleaves': [2978], '50%': [2981, 3670], 'μM': [2984, 3216, 3258, 3296, 3712, 3762, 3812, 3902, 3952], '40': [2988], '30-kDa': [2997], '22-kDa': [3002, 3044], '(GSDMDCterm)': [3004], 'fragment.': [3005], 'aqueous': [3007], 'solution': [3008], 'absence': [3011, 3065, 3400], 'lipidic': [3014], 'phase,': [3015], 'soluble': [3019, 3053, 3093, 3134], 'aggregates,': [3022], 'demonstrated': [3024, 3435], 'cross-linking': [3027], '3B).': [3030], 'cleavage,': [3032, 3270], 'N-terminus': [3034], 'highly': [3036, 3273], 'cross-linked': [3037, 3274], 'DSS': [3039], '(disuccinimidyl': [3040], 'suberate),': [3041], 'remains': [3046], 'soluble.': [3047], 'lipids,': [3057], 'incubated': [3060, 3218, 3260, 3298, 3391, 3722, 3773, 3823, 3886, 3978], 'unilamellar': [3070], 'made': [3072, 3180, 4107], '1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine': [3075], '(DMPC)': [3076], 'polar': [3081, 3109, 3314, 3719, 3770], 'lipid': [3082, 3315, 3325, 3820, 4110], 'extract.': [3083], 'Ultracentrifugation': [3084], 'allowed': [3085], 'separation': [3087], 'Whereas': [3095, 3539], 'associate': [3100, 3126], 'DMPC': [3104, 3177, 3312], 'extract': [3110, 3316, 3769, 4111], 'liposomes,': [3111, 3467], 'two': [3120, 3235], 'mimetics.': [3122], '3C).': [3131], 'Therefore,': [3132], 'acting': [3138], 'inhibitor': [3146], 'solubility': [3153], 'tag': [3154], 'insoluble': [3158], 'lipophilic': [3160], 'GSDMDNterm,': [3161], 'preventing': [3162], 'aggregation': [3165], 'association.': [3168], 'Once': [3169], 'cleaved,': [3170], 'membranes.': [3176], 'chemically': [3183], 'pure': [3184], 'compound,': [3185], 'showing': [3186, 3646], 'association': [3189], 'require': [3194], 'specific': [3196], '3.': [3202], 'Human': [3209], 'room': [3220, 3262, 3300], 'temperature': [3221, 3263, 3301], 'time-dependent': [3232], 'bands': [3236], '31': [3238], 'kDa': [3239, 3243], '22': [3242], '(GSDMDCterm).': [3244], 'Cross-linking': [3245], 'enzymatic': [3269], 'DSS,': [3276], 'gel-impenetrating': [3280], 'species': [3281], 'highlighted': [3282, 3745, 3796, 3912], 'arrow.': [3285], 'cross-linked.': [3289], '1': [3295, 3339], 'composed': [3308], 'derived': [3317], 'coli.': [3320], '(L)': [3327], 'separated': [3329], '(S)': [3333], 'ultracentrifugation': [3335], '4°C': [3337], '120,000': [3342], 'g.': [3343], '3': [3356], '[embj201694696-sup-0003-SDataFig3.zip]': [3357], 'Next,': [3371], 'asked': [3373], 'liposome-associated': [3375], 'transmembrane': [3378], 'Liposomes': [3380], 'filled': [3381], 'self-quenching': [3384, 3422], 'fluorophore': [3388, 3409], '6-carboxyfluorescein': [3389, 3497, 3957], '4).': [3405], 'Release': [3406], 'interior': [3413], 'strong': [3417], 'reduction': [3418, 4050], 'consequently': [3425], 'increase': [3428], 'overall': [3431, 3575, 3634, 3640], 'fluorescence': [3432, 3625], 'signal,': [3433], 'chemical': [3437], 'X': [3446], 'control': [3449], 'S5).': [3453], 'Neither': [3454], 'nor': [3456], 'alone': [3459], 'dye': [3464, 3477, 3501, 3582, 3608, 3641, 4013, 4071, 4094, 4211], 'both': [3473], 'observed,': [3480], 'open': [3488], '(≈1': [3498], 'nm).': [3499], 'reaction': [3503, 3548, 3635, 3842, 3925], 'includes': [3506], 'kinetic': [3510], 'steps:': [3511], 'first': [3513, 3541], 'step': [3514, 3525, 3533, 3542], 'proteolytic': [3517], 'second': [3524, 3552], 'association,': [3529], 'third': [3532, 3554], 'follows': [3543], 'classical': [3544], 'Michaelis–Menten': [3545], 'kinetics,': [3546], 'steps': [3555, 3560], 'may': [3556, 4325], 'include': [3557], 'additional': [3558], 'oligomerization': [3559], 'non-trivial': [3562], 'dependence.': [3564], 'reaction,': [3576], 'kinetics': [3580, 4011, 4199], 'constant': [3592, 4032], '4A).': [3599], '520': [3605], 'nM,': [3606, 3666, 4026], 'so': [3613], 'min,': [3617], 'already': [3618], '90%': [3621], 'total': [3624, 3819, 4075], 'signal': [3626], 'observed.': [3628], 'With': [3629], 'decreasing': [3630, 4042], 'concentration,': [3632], 'rate': [3636], 'decreases,': [3637], 'nonetheless': [3643], 'reaches': [3644], '100%,': [3645], 'permeate': [3653, 4083, 4105], 'This': [3656, 4140], 'conclusion': [3657], 'breaks': [3658], 'down': [3659], '65': [3665, 3732, 3894], 'about': [3669], 'permeated': [3675], 'late': [3677], 'points.': [3679], '4.': [3681], 'causes': [3683], 'A–I.': [3689], 'Dye': [3690, 3838, 3919, 3948], 'courses': [3693], 'maximal': [3700], 'release.': [3701], '(A)': [3702], 'Five': [3703, 3752], 'reactions,': [3705, 3754, 3805, 3868], '400': [3711, 3761, 3811, 3901, 3951], '6-carboxyfluorescein-loaded': [3713, 3763, 3813, 3903], 'prepared': [3715, 3765, 3815], 'lipids': [3720], '(nM):': [3727, 3778, 3828], '520,': [3728, 3829], '260,': [3729, 3830, 3891], '130,': [3730, 3892], '100,': [3731], '(colored': [3733, 3784, 3832], 'dark': [3734, 3785, 3833], 'light': [3736, 3787, 3835, 3874, 3882], 'orange).': [3737], 'vertical': [3748, 3799, 3915], 'dashed': [3749, 3800, 3916], 'line.': [3750, 3801, 3917], '(B)': [3751], '130': [3756, 3969, 4034], 'lipid,': [3771], '15,': [3779], '8,': [3780], '5,': [3781], '2.5,': [3782], '1.2': [3783], 'blue).': [3788], 'Three': [3803], 'porcine': [3817], 'brain': [3818], 'extract,': [3821], '100': [3831], 'green).': [3836], '20-min': [3841], '(dark': [3848, 3852, 3872, 3880, 3932, 3936], 'orange)': [3849, 3875, 3933], 'blue)': [3853, 3883, 3937], 'concentrations.': [3854], 'Error': [3855, 3939], 'bars': [3856, 3940], 'shown.': [3862, 3946, 3992], '(E)': [3863], 'Two': [3864], 'sets': [3866], 'mutant': [3878, 4137, 4141, 4161, 4182, 4296], 'GSDMDI104N': [3879, 3935, 4193, 4218, 4266], 'independently': [3885], '60': [3909, 3922], '(F)': [3918], 'concentration.': [3938], '(G–I)': [3947], 'derivates': [3958], 'FD-20,': [3959], 'FD-40,': [3960], 'FD-150,': [3962], 'Stokes': [3965], 'diameters,': [3966], 'indicated.': [3968], 'For': [3982], 'experiment,': [3984, 4040, 4129], 'corresponding': [3994], 'raw': [3995], 'S5.': [4002], 'then': [4008], '1.2–15': [4025], 'keeping': [4028], '4B).': [4037], 'expect': [4048], 'availability': [4053], 'initial': [4059], 'protease': [4060], 'step,': [4062], 'consequently,': [4064, 4090], 'observe': [4066, 4092], 'deceleration': [4068], 'reaction.': [4073], 'always': [4080], 'setup,': [4088], '100%': [4093], 'measurements.': [4099], '4A': [4113], 'B),': [4115], 'similarly': [4117], 'eukaryotic': [4122], 'source': [4123], '4C).': [4125], 'examined': [4131], 'functionality': [4133], 'I105N': [4136], 'played': [4143], 'discovery': [4149], 'previously': [4155, 4256], 'loss-of-function': [4160, 4331], 'models': [4164], 'generated': [4170], 'analogous': [4172], 'mutation': [4173], 'I104N': [4174, 4295], 'biochemical': [4187], 'protocols': [4188], 'indistinguishable': [4200], 'S4A': [4206], 'B).': [4208], 'assay,': [4213], 'concentrations,': [4217, 4236], 'minor': [4227], 'differences': [4228, 4322], 'reduced': [4234, 4240], 'however,': [4237], 'compared': [4242, 4312], '4E': [4248], 'published': [4257], 'promoter,': [4280], 'although': [4281], 'significantly': [4282], 'less': [4283], 'S4D).': [4290], 'Similarly,': [4291], 'Gsdmd-deficient': [4302], 'restored': [4306], 'S4C).': [4319], 'quantitative': [4321], 'here': [4324], 'translate': [4327], 'effective': [4330], 'whole': [4334], 'animals,': [4335], 'our': [4337], 'confirm': [4340], 'deficiency': [4343], 'o': [4344]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2461915818', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 135}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 170}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 148}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 141}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 104}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 101}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 75}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 13}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T11:18:17.481593', 'created_date': '2016-07-22'}
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