Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2419114085', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.1.124', 'title': 'Role of active transport of chloride in formation of dogfish cerebrospinal fluid', 'display_name': 'Role of active transport of chloride in formation of dogfish cerebrospinal fluid', 'publication_year': 1960, 'publication_date': '1960-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2419114085', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.1.124', 'mag': '2419114085', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14402484'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.1.124', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S204210209', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content', 'issn_l': '0002-9513', 'issn': ['0002-9513', '2163-5773'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320155', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physiological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320155'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physiological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029629709', 'display_name': 'C. Adrian M. Hogben', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800736356', 'display_name': 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04dw1bf40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800736356']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I193531525', 'display_name': 'George Washington University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00y4zzh67', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I193531525']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33213144', 'display_name': 'University of Florida', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02y3ad647', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33213144']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Adrian M. Hogben', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.', 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800736356', 'https://openalex.org/I193531525', 'https://openalex.org/I33213144']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I193531525']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33213144']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049052335', 'display_name': 'Per J. Wistrand', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800736356', 'display_name': 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04dw1bf40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800736356']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I193531525', 'display_name': 'George Washington University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00y4zzh67', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I193531525']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33213144', 'display_name': 'University of Florida', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02y3ad647', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33213144']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Per Wistrand', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.', 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800736356', 'https://openalex.org/I193531525', 'https://openalex.org/I33213144']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I193531525']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33213144']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111786678', 'display_name': 'Thomas H. Maren', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800736356', 'display_name': 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04dw1bf40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800736356']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I193531525', 'display_name': 'George Washington University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00y4zzh67', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I193531525']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33213144', 'display_name': 'University of Florida', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02y3ad647', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33213144']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas H. Maren', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.', 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800736356', 'https://openalex.org/I193531525', 'https://openalex.org/I33213144']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington D.C.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I193531525']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33213144']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.93, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 27, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.773163, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '199', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '124', 'last_page': '126'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11456', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience of respiration and sleep', 'score': 0.9649, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2807', 'display_name': 'Endocrine and Autonomic Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11456', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience of respiration and sleep', 'score': 0.9649, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2807', 'display_name': 'Endocrine and Autonomic Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/acetazolamide', 'display_name': 'Acetazolamide', 'score': 0.7820765}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-difference', 'display_name': 'Potential difference', 'score': 0.4234485}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779651940', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196', 'display_name': 'Cerebrospinal fluid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.94677776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2113261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914458', 'display_name': 'Extracellular fluid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.84164584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777405951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413690', 'display_name': 'Acetazolamide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7820765}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28406088', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762', 'display_name': 'Extracellular', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7685617}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6395859}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778695967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900', 'display_name': 'Chloride', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5374684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2985701649', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428', 'display_name': 'Potential difference', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4234485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33657634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23722437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23175547}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1786643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14023119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17525397', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140', 'display_name': 'Electrode', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147789679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372', 'display_name': 'Physical chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002555', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002712', 'descriptor_name': 'Chlorides', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004284', 'descriptor_name': 'Dogfish', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007477', 'descriptor_name': 'Ions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012754', 'descriptor_name': 'Sharks', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001693', 'descriptor_name': 'Biological Transport, Active', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002712', 'descriptor_name': 'Chlorides', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012754', 'descriptor_name': 'Sharks', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.1.124', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S204210209', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content', 'issn_l': '0002-9513', 'issn': ['0002-9513', '2163-5773'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320155', 'host_organization_name': 'American Physiological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320155'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Physiological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14402484', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life below water', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'score': 0.62}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W99607913', 'https://openalex.org/W2419114085', 'https://openalex.org/W2413556943', 'https://openalex.org/W2329440393', 'https://openalex.org/W2166097455', 'https://openalex.org/W2074474806', 'https://openalex.org/W2056093558', 'https://openalex.org/W2006195300', 'https://openalex.org/W1999065406', 'https://openalex.org/W181943644'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0], 'significant': [1], 'steady': [2], 'state': [3], 'or': [4], 'd.c.': [5], 'potential': [6, 77, 105], 'difference': [7, 106], 'exists': [8], 'between': [9, 64, 109], 'the': [10, 16, 20, 28, 32, 40, 60, 76, 80, 90, 102], 'cerebrospinal': [11, 21, 38, 43, 66, 93], 'and': [12, 31, 68, 113], 'extracellular': [13, 29, 114], 'fluids': [14], 'of': [15, 42, 53, 62, 83, 89, 92, 101], 'anesthetized': [17], 'dogfish.': [18], 'Since': [19], 'fluid': [22, 30, 44, 67, 94], 'is': [23, 35, 86, 97], 'negative': [24], 'with': [25], 'respect': [26], 'to': [27], 'chloride': [33, 63], 'concentration': [34], 'greater': [36], 'in': [37], 'fluid,': [39], 'formation': [41], 'must': [45], 'involve': [46], 'at': [47], 'least': [48], 'one': [49], 'process:': [50], 'active': [51, 81], 'transport': [52, 82], 'Cl': [54, 84], '–': [55, 85], '.': [56], 'While': [57], 'acetazolamide': [58], 'abolishes': [59], 'gradient': [61], 'dogfish': [65, 110], 'plasma,': [69], 'its': [70], 'administration': [71], 'did': [72], 'not': [73], 'demonstrably': [74], 'change': [75], 'difference.': [78], 'Though': [79], 'clearly': [87], 'part': [88, 100], 'process': [91], 'formation,': [95], 'it': [96], 'probably': [98], 'only': [99], 'process.': [103], 'No': [104], 'was': [107], 'observed': [108], 'aqueous': [111], 'humor': [112], 'fluid.': [115]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2419114085', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T13:57:42.253717', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}