Publication Information

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943, 961, 1134, 1140, 1405, 1439, 1695, 1961, 2661, 2682, 3690, 4224], 'clinic,': [62], 'small,': [64], 'one-story': [65], 'yellow': [66], 'clapboard': [67], 'building,': [68], 'is': [69, 474, 486, 912, 945, 1082, 1112, 1189, 1787, 1935, 2118, 2434, 2471, 2537, 2541, 2564, 2588, 2604, 2631, 2686, 2771, 2809, 3528, 3920, 4698, 4719, 4738], 'located': [70], 'tiny': [73], 'town': [74], 'Scarbro,': [76], 'nestled': [77], 'bituminous': [80, 3913, 4030], 'hills': [81], 'southern': [83], 'West': [84, 375, 453, 1664, 1847, 3307], 'Virginia.': [85], 'members': [87, 267, 1344], 'Fayette': [90, 2145], 'County': [91, 2146], 'Association': [94], 'greet': [95], 'each': [96], 'other': [97, 266, 285, 1635, 1875, 2984, 3162, 3247, 3968], 'name': [99, 625, 1109], 'while': [100], 'they': [101, 139, 192, 470, 1600, 1604, 1813, 2040, 2048, 2218, 2861, 3146], 'pour': [102], 'bitter': [103], 'black': [104, 117, 134, 150, 188, 246, 282, 310, 346, 393, 414, 433, 515, 620, 966, 1051, 1328, 1375, 1548, 1771, 1825, 1902, 1994, 2989, 3640], 'coffee': [105, 170], 'into': [106, 678, 820, 1256, 1399, 1475, 1693, 2084, 2485, 2932, 3401, 3551, 4277], 'small': [107, 806, 826, 1854], 'Styrofoam': [108], 'cups.In': [109], 'early': [111, 273, 1467, 1608, 1726, 2075], '1970s,': [112, 1468, 2076], 'coal': [113, 367, 497, 627, 646, 718, 840, 878, 883, 973, 985, 1000, 1168, 1204, 1234, 1266, 1293, 1305, 1362, 1425, 1774, 1793, 1978, 2133, 2170, 2196, 2419, 2438, 2459, 2492, 2535, 2618, 2641, 2662, 2723, 2741, 2793, 2806, 3041, 3092, 3182, 3192, 3237, 3262, 3285, 3309, 3343, 3385, 3436, 3438, 3505, 3525, 3548, 3579, 3625, 3662, 3673, 3747, 3805, 3816, 3914, 3939, 4004, 4021, 4061, 4153, 4245, 4431, 4612], 'workers’': [114, 628, 2116, 3193, 3238, 3263, 3439, 3526, 3626, 3770, 3806, 4005, 4022, 4062], 'pneumoconiosis,': [115, 3807, 3809], 'or': [116, 272, 607, 637, 810, 839, 1391, 1708, 1715, 2270, 2309, 2496], 'lung,': [118, 189, 283], 'affected': [119, 562, 1478, 1865, 2488], 'one-third': [121, 1480, 1941], 'long-term': [123], 'underground': [124, 203, 672, 1424, 1486, 1885, 2500, 3181, 3284, 3815, 3912], 'miners.': [125, 758, 2432], 'After': [126, 1580], 'new': [127, 147, 309, 411, 489, 1494, 2508, 2547, 3080], 'dust': [128, 405, 516, 668, 682, 720, 751, 760, 792, 880, 974, 987, 1001, 1052, 1169, 1236, 1267, 1448, 1596, 1791, 2080, 2205, 2241, 2260, 2386, 2563, 2591, 2742, 2770, 2785, 2845, 2879, 2896, 2925, 2939, 2958, 2965, 2971, 3043, 3081, 3570, 3600, 3660, 3739, 4159, 4471, 4613], 'regulations': [129, 1497, 2383], 'took': [130, 1498], 'effect,': [131, 1476, 1499, 2486], 'rates': [132, 1500, 2730], 'lung': [135, 151, 247, 311, 347, 394, 415, 434, 485, 621, 892, 908, 934, 962, 1026, 1135, 1237, 1549, 1772, 1826, 1909, 2614, 2747, 2975, 2986, 3009, 3038, 3532, 3601, 4000, 4085], 'plunged.': [136], 'Today,': [137, 431], 'however,': [138, 1031], 'are': [140, 171, 268, 287, 301, 314, 471, 595, 663, 762, 1075, 1944, 2377, 2395, 2406, 2570, 2864, 2952, 2967], 'once': [141], 'again': [142], 'rising': [143], 'dramatically,': [144], 'generation': [148, 412], 'patients': [152, 416], 'have': [153, 186, 295, 417, 1019, 1807, 1815, 1895, 1988, 2110, 2125, 2306, 2512, 2854, 2871, 3168], 'disease': [154, 191, 418, 535, 614, 631, 944, 1093, 1188, 1929, 2592, 3149, 3340], 'that': [155, 313, 374, 419, 468, 732, 795, 915, 922, 954, 1009, 1283, 1411, 1422, 1449, 1699, 1783, 1835, 1850, 1907, 1923, 1970, 2375, 2394, 2469, 2738, 2804, 3133, 3150, 4734], 'progresses': [156, 423, 1094], 'far': [157, 424], 'rapidly': [159, 343, 426, 567, 1646, 3942], 'than': [160, 427, 1122, 1489, 1857, 1866, 1920, 1940, 2558, 2578, 2847], 'past.©': [163], 'Tyler': [164], 'Stableford/GettyAmidst': [165], 'chatter': [167], 'coughs.': [173], 'Some': [174], 'hack': [178], 'loudly,': [179], 'others': [180, 2528], 'quietly.': [182], 'All': [183, 1677, 2403, 4717], 'them': [185, 2552], 'advanced': [187, 281, 432, 2621, 3808], 'acquired': [193, 437], 'working': [194, 1307, 1357, 1852, 2269, 2857, 3283, 3342, 4794], 'local': [197], 'mines.': [198], 'Although': [199, 865], 'roughly': [200], '22%': [201], 'miners': [204, 537, 674, 1306, 1372, 1450, 1459, 1482, 1552, 1584, 1666, 1679, 1775, 1851, 1873, 1878, 1943, 1979, 2011, 2061, 2142, 2493, 2569, 2619, 2833, 2853, 2883, 2903, 3058, 3093, 3580, 3817, 3915], 'smoke,1': [205], 'compared': [206, 2055], 'with': [207, 280, 370, 563, 604, 633, 777, 801, 1213, 1280, 1586, 1872, 2056, 2062, 2163, 2494, 2593, 2620, 2831, 3191, 3530, 3941, 4024, 4666, 4703, 4728, 4783], 'about': [208], '18%': [209], 'U.S.': [211, 2792, 2805, 3207, 3369, 3938, 4108, 4131, 4197, 4651], 'adults': [212], 'general,2': [214], 'none': [215], 'these': [217, 1877, 1964, 2104, 3118], 'do.': [219], 'They': [220, 2123], 'not': [222, 398, 457, 487, 1706, 1712, 1926, 1982, 2344, 2457, 2862, 3001, 3121, 4754], 'just': [223, 2458], 'as': [224, 439, 441, 550, 882, 1102, 1173, 1233, 1268, 1296, 1911, 2021, 2192, 2679, 3032, 3034, 4047], 'support': [226, 4704], 'but': [228, 746, 1623, 2293, 2442, 2460, 2511, 2869, 3006, 3143], 'also': [229, 1074, 1100, 1199, 1441, 1880, 2461, 2808, 2855, 2870, 2993, 3007], 'to': [230, 240, 366, 396, 539, 665, 712, 754, 968, 1040, 1095, 1150, 1153, 1184, 1262, 1292, 1299, 1338, 1354, 1366, 1454, 1463, 1504, 1518, 1589, 1593, 1627, 1767, 1863, 1894, 1946, 1953, 2111, 2156, 2201, 2237, 2267, 2285, 2316, 2348, 2397, 2401, 2408, 2443, 2451, 2476, 2553, 2585, 2773, 2783, 2828, 2876, 2910, 2930, 2946, 2955, 2998, 3029, 3056, 3066, 3109, 3113, 3128, 3141, 3169, 3172, 3185, 3575, 4052, 4101, 4151, 4181, 4239, 4440, 4536, 4657, 4726, 4732, 4740, 4756, 4760, 4785], 'help': [231, 869, 2899, 2982], 'one': [232, 2333, 3311], 'another': [233], 'complete': [234], 'stacks': [236], 'paperwork': [238], 'necessary': [239], 'apply': [241], 'government-mandated': [243], 'benefits': [244], 'navigate': [249], 'tortuous': [251], 'appeals': [252], 'process.Aside': [253], 'from': [254, 650, 834, 1361, 1830, 1868, 2023, 2617, 2692, 2798, 2880, 2904, 2943, 3059, 3605, 4705], 'group’s': [256], 'leader,': [257], 'bespectacled': [259], 'septuagenarian': [260], 'named': [261], 'Joe': [262], 'Massie,': [263], 'all': [264, 458, 3091, 4735, 4741], 'their': [270, 521, 679, 696, 805, 1682, 1958, 2346, 2881, 2901, 4304], '50s': [271], '60s.': [274], 'That’s': [275], 'relatively': [276, 1020], 'young': [277, 547], 'someone': [279], 'workers': [286, 2187, 3156, 3940], 'getting': [288, 1809, 2905], 'sick': [289, 298, 1810, 2127], 'even': [290, 2219], 'earlier.': [291], 'These': [292, 352, 996], 'miners,': [293, 3183, 4246], 'who': [294, 507, 1317, 1483, 1733, 2012, 2190], 'gotten': [296, 2126], 'so': [297, 299, 461, 559, 731, 1811, 2555, 2760], 'fast,': [300], 'on': [302, 586, 698, 769, 900, 926, 1023, 1223, 1265, 1352, 1444, 1515, 2367, 3036, 3078, 3741, 4173, 4228, 4281], 'forefront': [304], 'wave': [307], 'cases': [312, 422, 459, 1648, 2549, 2622, 3260, 3314], 'sweeping': [315], 'through': [316, 2456], 'Appalachia.Scientists': [317], 'first': [318, 494, 2822], 'noticed': [319], 'troubling': [321], 'trend': [322], '2005,': [324], 'when': [325, 403, 2211, 2258, 2277, 2914], 'national': [326], 'surveillance': [327, 2997, 3097], 'conducted': [328, 1950, 3000], 'National': [331, 2329, 4707, 4713], 'Institute': [332, 3702, 4708], 'Occupational': [334, 3698, 4445], 'Safety': [335, 1389, 1416, 2917, 3069, 3359, 3365, 3720, 3790, 4145, 4193, 4407, 4619], '(NIOSH)': [338], 'identified': [339], 'regional': [340, 3463, 3776], 'clusters': [341, 1644], 'progressing': [344, 1647], 'severe': [345, 390, 1842, 1899], 'cases,': [348, 1622], 'especially': [349, 2538], 'Appalachia.3': [351, 1653], 'concerns': [353], 'were': [354, 407, 1705, 1711, 1860, 1879, 1891, 2068, 2215, 2280, 2296, 2314, 2421, 3120, 3134], 'confirmed': [355], 'followup': [357, 1563, 1750], 'studies': [358], 'using': [359, 638, 2978, 3012], 'mobile': [361], 'medical': [362], 'unit': [363], 'providing': [364], 'outreach': [365], 'mining': [368, 496, 2299, 2339, 2501, 2726, 3047, 4307, 4617], 'areas,4,5': [369], 'later': [371], 'research': [372, 2652], 'showing': [373], 'Virginia': [376, 454, 1665], 'was': [377, 1171, 1182, 1397, 1514, 1532, 1578, 1613, 1722, 1840, 1915, 1925, 2106, 2152, 2266, 2941], 'hit': [378], 'particularly': [379], 'hard.6': [380], 'Between': [381], '2000': [382, 1674, 3321], '2012,': [384, 2047], 'prevalence': [386, 1976, 1992, 2035, 2051, 3743], 'most': [389, 799, 1841, 1898, 2099, 2632], 'form': [391, 1900, 2702], 'rose': [395], 'levels': [397, 542, 2069, 2206, 2387, 2959, 2966], 'seen': [399, 1172, 2072], 'since': [400, 492, 2073, 2513], '1970s,7': [402], 'modern': [404, 624, 2079], 'laws': [406, 2894], 'enacted.8Scarier': [408], 'still,': [409], 'many': [421, 2761], 'previous': [429, 2560], 'generations.': [430], 'can': [435, 675, 734, 752, 814, 843, 868, 924, 964, 988, 1200, 1220, 1560, 2757, 2850, 3026, 3051], 'be': [436, 1185, 1201, 1286, 1427, 1452, 1864, 2112, 2586, 2999, 3054, 3158, 3170], 'within': [438, 1229, 4792], 'little': [440, 1021], '7.5–10': [442], 'years': [443, 500, 1566, 2018, 2064, 2498, 3779], 'beginning': [445], 'work,': [446], 'says': [447, 1795, 2086, 2135, 2195, 2322, 2440, 2647, 3024, 3045, 3117], 'Edward': [448], 'Petsonk,': [449], 'pulmonologist': [451], 'University.': [455], 'But': [456, 2020], 'progress': [460, 2554], 'quickly;': [462], 'thus,': [463], 'occupational': [464, 3304], 'health': [465], 'researchers': [466, 1949, 3144], 'fear': [467], 'what': [469, 2583], 'seeing': [472, 1614, 2103], 'now': [473, 2953], 'only': [475, 1781, 1928, 2003, 2426, 2758, 2786, 2863, 3002], 'tip': [477], 'iceberg.The': [480], 'History': [481, 4683], 'LungBlack': [484], 'disease.': [490, 2122, 3602], 'Ever': [491], 'humans': [493], 'started': [495], 'nearly': [498, 1998, 2489], '5,000': [499], 'ago': [501, 2423], 'Bronze': [503, 3388], 'Age': [504, 3389], 'China,9': [505], 'those': [506, 1214, 1575, 1678, 1867, 2294, 2410], 'worked': [508, 1485, 1883, 2014, 2191], 'mines': [511, 1435, 1686, 1886, 2389, 2405], 'breathed': [512], 'that,': [517, 2885], 'over': [518, 976, 2518], 'time,': [519, 1030], 'destroyed': [520], 'lungs.Writing': [522], '1846,': [524], 'Scottish': [525, 1250], 'physician': [526, 1251], 'Archibald': [527], 'Makellar': [528, 611, 3398], 'sketched': [529], 'out': [530], 'course': [532, 575], 'exposed': [538, 1453, 2865, 3171], 'extremely': [540], 'high': [541, 2670, 3972], 'dust:': [544], '“A': [545, 3148], 'robust': [546], 'man,': [548], 'engaged': [549], 'miner,': [552], 'after': [553, 591, 1470, 1688, 2078, 2480, 3780], 'being': [554, 1713, 1744, 4766], 'short': [557, 1160, 2818, 3482], 'time': [558, 2823, 2873], 'occupied,': [560], 'becomes': [561, 1034], 'cough,': [564, 1064], 'inky': [565], 'expectoration,': [566], 'decreasing': [568], 'pulse,': [569], 'general': [571], 'exhaustion.': [572], 'In': [573, 1341, 1379, 1606, 1654, 1756], 'few': [578], 'years,': [579, 1889], 'he': [580, 1612, 1624, 1633, 2291, 2581, 2606, 3083], 'sinks': [581], 'under': [582, 1728, 2301, 2506], 'disease;': [584], 'and,': [585], 'examination': [587], 'chest': [590], 'death,': [592], 'lungs': [594, 1149, 3645], 'found': [596, 1202, 2041], 'excavated,': [597], 'several': [599], 'cavities': [602], 'filled': [603], 'solid': [606], 'fluid': [608], 'carbonaceous': [609], 'matter.”10': [610], 'called': [612], '“black': [615], 'phthisis.”': [616], 'Later': [617], 'physicians': [618, 1571], 'gave': [619], 'its': [622, 651, 901, 1108, 1516], 'official': [623], 'pneumoconiosis': [629, 2117, 3239, 3281, 3305, 3527, 3749, 3771, 3944, 4023, 4063], '(CWP).The': [630], 'starts': [632], 'dust—whether': [634], 'swinging': [635], 'picks': [636], 'large': [639, 2448], 'machines,': [640], 'process': [642], 'breaking': [644], 'up': [645, 738, 1368, 1629, 2253, 2516], 'extracting': [648], 'it': [649, 677, 850, 873, 1511, 2108, 2453, 2764], 'prehistoric': [652], 'home': [653], 'creates': [654, 785], 'vast': [655], 'amounts': [656], 'dust.': [658, 2402], 'And': [659, 2257], 'unless': [660, 4722], 'effective': [661], 'measures': [662, 2082, 2393, 3132], 'used': [664], 'control': [666, 2081], 'airborne': [667], 'narrow': [671], 'shafts,': [673], 'breathe': [676], 'lungs.Coal': [680], 'mine': [681, 719, 841, 879, 986, 1205, 1235, 1363, 1426, 2197, 2213, 2950, 3042, 3506, 3599, 4154], 'isn’t': [683], 'uniform;': [684], 'it’s': [685], 'jumble': [687], 'substances': [689], 'particle': [691, 827], 'sizes,': [692], 'which': [693, 784, 886, 903, 1081, 1127, 1156, 1198, 1254, 1396, 1551, 1819, 2302, 2745, 2837, 2980], 'vary': [694], 'effects': [697, 3553, 4225], 'lungs.11': [700], 'Larger': [701], '“thoracic”': [702], 'particles': [703, 761, 975, 983, 998, 1193, 2762, 2846, 3454], 'settle': [704], 'bronchi,': [707, 819], 'main': [709], 'air': [710], 'passages': [711], 'lungs.12': [714], 'presence': [716, 1141], 'bronchi': [723], 'stimulates': [724], 'production': [726, 2807], 'mucus,': [728], 'Petsonk': [729, 772, 1598, 1610, 1656, 3279, 3596], 'explains,': [730], 'people': [733, 1808], 'easily': [736, 815], 'cough': [737], 'offending': [740], 'particles.': [741], 'It’s': [742], 'an': [743, 786, 1083, 1615, 1740, 2090, 2119, 2668, 2674, 2715, 3606, 4236, 4474, 4699], 'efficient': [744], 'system,': [745], 'prolonged': [747], 'inhalation': [748, 1789, 2767], 'lead': [753], 'chronic': [755, 913, 1006, 1063], 'bronchitis': [756], '“Coal': [759, 2115], 'very': [763, 2378], 'reactive,': [764, 2689], 'including': [765, 780, 1359, 1651, 4156], 'chemical': [767], 'bonds': [768], 'surface,”': [771], 'explains.': [773], '“They': [774, 3166], 'will': [775, 2373, 2898, 3136, 4781], 'interact': [776], 'anything': [778], 'nearby,': [779], 'body’s': [782, 853], 'tissue,': [783], 'inflammatory': [787, 1007, 1046, 4081], 'response.”It’s': [788], 'smaller': [790, 2840], 'respirable': [791, 1195, 2385, 3114, 4152], 'particles,': [793, 858], 'though,': [794], 'create': [796, 844, 1004, 1355], 'damage': [798, 1017, 1033, 3028], 'associated': [800, 3529], 'CWP.': [802], 'Because': [803], 'size—often': [807], '2.5': [808], 'microns': [809], 'less': [811, 1939, 2872], 'diameter—they': [813], 'travel': [816], 'beyond': [817], 'bronchioles': [822], 'alveoli.': [824], 'Any': [825], 'deep': [829], 'lungs,': [832, 919], 'whether': [833, 3130], 'cigarette': [835, 3573], 'smoke,': [836], 'car': [837], 'exhaust,': [838], 'dust,': [842, 1364, 4155], 'irritation': [845], 'site': [848], 'where': [849, 2245], 'lands.13': [851], 'immune': [854, 1044], 'system': [855], 'attacks': [856], 'creating': [859, 920, 1037, 2696], 'inflammation': [860, 867, 914], 'surrounding': [863, 2463], 'region.': [864], 'kill': [870], 'invading': [871], 'pathogens,': [872], 'can’t': [874, 2365], 'remove': [875], 'components': [876], 'such': [881], 'silica,': [885, 1197, 2472], 'remain': [887], 'place': [889, 2181, 2240], 'cause': [891, 1085, 1179, 2774, 2888, 3138], 'tissue': [893, 953, 1120], 'damage.': [894], 'body': [896, 2756], 'then': [897, 1506, 1559, 1746], 'doubles': [898], 'down': [899], 'efforts,': [902], 'further': [904, 1951], 'damages': [905, 1010], 'delicate': [907], 'tissue.': [909], 'result': [911, 1165, 2795, 4049], 'ultimately': [916], 'scars': [917, 3035], 'patches': [921, 1015], 'radiologists': [923], 'see': [925], 'X': [927, 1224, 1554, 1576, 1741, 1751, 3004], 'rays': [928, 1555, 1577, 1752], 'CT': [930], 'scans.14A': [931], 'section': [932], 'shows': [935, 2737], 'ravages': [937], 'progressive': [939, 1103, 3236, 3316, 3811, 3943, 4229], 'massive': [940, 1104, 3317, 3812, 4230], 'fibrosis': [941, 1105, 1143, 3318, 3813], '(PMF).': [942, 1106], 'characterized': [946, 1113], 'large,': [948, 1115], 'dense': [949, 1116], 'masses': [950, 1117], 'fibrous': [952, 1119], 'often': [955, 1128, 1137], 'appear': [956, 965, 1129], 'upper': [959, 1132], 'lungs.': [960], 'itself': [963, 1136, 1170, 2642], 'due': [967, 4759], 'slow': [970], 'buildup': [971], 'years.©': [978], 'Biophoto': [979], 'Associates/GettyInset:': [980], 'Highly': [981], 'reactive': [982, 2697, 2781, 3994], 'infiltrate': [989], 'deepest': [991], 'reaches': [992], 'lung.': [995, 1329], 'inhaled': [997, 2784, 3453, 3488], 'and/or': [1002, 2709], 'silica': [1003, 2533, 3946], 'response': [1008, 1592, 4043, 4083], 'lung.©': [1012, 2990], 'Ed': [1013], 'Reschke/GettySmaller': [1014], 'may': [1018, 1164, 1747, 1985, 2981, 4753], 'effect': [1022, 2933], 'miner’s': [1025], 'function': [1027, 2976, 3010, 3546, 4242], 'measurements.': [1028], 'Over': [1029], 'widespread,': [1036], '1-': [1039], '2-mm': [1041], 'nodules': [1042], 'cells,': [1047], 'collagen': [1048], 'fibers,': [1049], 'indicative': [1053], 'so-called': [1055], 'simple': [1056, 1060, 3524, 3555], 'CWP.15': [1057], 'Symptoms': [1058], 'CWP': [1061, 1072, 1181, 1211, 1284, 1462, 1477, 1502, 1513, 1587, 1839, 1924, 1975, 2548, 2599, 2630, 2732, 2996, 3139], 'include': [1062], 'increased': [1065, 1077, 2835], 'phlegm': [1066], 'production,': [1067], 'shortness': [1069], 'breath.': [1071], 'sufferers': [1073, 1158], 'risk': [1078], 'emphysema,16': [1080], 'important': [1084], 'morbidity': [1087], 'among': [1088, 1773, 1977, 3179, 3282, 3306, 3341, 3814, 3911], 'miners.17In': [1089], 'some': [1090, 4744], 'patients,': [1091], 'complicated': [1096], 'CWP,': [1097, 1650, 1921, 2580], 'condition': [1099], 'known': [1101, 1232, 2678], 'As': [1107, 1492], 'suggests,': [1110], 'PMF': [1111, 1621, 1672, 2037, 2487], 'cm': [1124], 'diameter,': [1126], 'lungs.18': [1133], 'appears': [1138], 'blackened.': [1139], 'impairs': [1144], 'ability': [1146], 'bring': [1151], 'oxygen': [1152, 2698, 3995], 'blood,': [1155], 'leaves': [1157], 'chronically': [1159], 'breath': [1162], 'death.6Initially,': [1167], 'rather': [1174], 'harmless,': [1175], 'true': [1178, 1991], 'believed': [1183, 1611], 'silicosis.': [1186, 2601], 'This': [1187, 2602], 'caused': [1190, 1287, 1326, 3039, 3503], 'inhaling': [1192, 2129, 2571], 'crystalline': [1196], 'dust.19': [1206], 'Indeed,': [1207], 'symptoms': [1209, 3543], 'overlap': [1212], 'silicosis;': [1216], 'two': [1218], 'diseases': [1219, 2987, 3502], 'look': [1221], 'similar': [1222], 'rays,': [1225], 'both': [1227, 2598], 'fall': [1228], 'constellation': [1231], 'disease.18,19': [1238], 'However,': [1239, 2321, 2371, 2778, 4743], 'work': [1240, 2736, 4782], 'begun': [1241], 'nineteenth': [1244], 'century': [1245], 'Makellar10': [1247], 'fellow': [1249, 2902], 'J.C.': [1252], 'Gregory,20': [1253], 'continued': [1255], '1920s': [1258], '’30s,': [1260], 'began': [1261, 1503, 1588], 'focus': [1263], 'specifically': [1264, 3085], 'sole': [1270], 'culprit': [1271], 'CWP.21,22': [1273], 'By': [1274, 1330, 1508, 2046], '1950s,': [1276], 'scientists': [1277], 'had': [1278, 1320, 1336, 1484, 1680, 1882, 1996, 2013, 2052, 2231], 'shown': [1279], 'near': [1281], 'certainty': [1282], 'could': [1285, 1451], 'exclusively': [1288], 'excessive': [1290], 'exposure': [1291, 2400, 2972, 3112, 3571, 4051, 4150], 'dust.This': [1294], 'came': [1295, 2083, 2909], 'no': [1297, 2153], 'surprise': [1298], 'tens': [1301], 'thousands': [1303], 'throughout': [1308], 'across': [1311], 'rest': [1313], 'country,': [1316], 'decades': [1319, 2275], 'observed': [1321], 'experienced': [1323], 'devastation': [1325], 'late': [1332], '1960s,': [1333], 'crisis': [1335], 'come': [1337], 'head.': [1340], '1968': [1342], 'United': [1346, 3242, 3583, 3754, 3774, 3820, 3918], 'Mine': [1347, 1386, 1415, 2916, 3068, 3358, 3717, 3787, 4098, 4144, 4184, 4286], 'Workers': [1348, 3848, 4575], 'America': [1350], 'went': [1351, 1474, 1692, 2484], 'strike': [1353, 1377], 'better': [1356], 'conditions,': [1358], 'protection': [1360], 'set': [1367, 1442, 2220, 2929], 'fund': [1370], 'disabled': [1373, 1460], 'lung.23The': [1376], 'worked.': [1378], '1969': [1380, 3784], 'Congress': [1381], 'passed': [1382], 'Federal': [1384, 3695, 3715, 3785], 'Coal': [1385, 1392, 1406, 1472, 1530, 1537, 1690, 1702, 1717, 1730, 2184, 2361, 2482, 2852, 3417, 3716, 3786, 3839, 3885, 3984, 4124, 4183, 4285, 4314, 4336], 'Act,': [1390, 2185], 'Act': [1393, 1407, 1440, 1473, 1531, 1691, 1703, 2483, 3721], 'short,': [1395], 'signed': [1398], 'law': [1400], 'President': [1402], 'Richard': [1403], 'Nixon.24': [1404], 'created': [1408, 1723], 'agency': [1410], 'would': [1412, 1601, 3157], 'become': [1413, 1997], 'Administration,': [1419, 3368, 4107, 4130, 4196], 'required': [1421, 2396, 2407, 2954], 'every': [1423, 1564, 1753], 'inspected': [1428], 'four': [1429], 'times': [1430, 1917], 'per': [1431], 'year': [1432], 'surface': [1434], 'twice': [1436], 'year.': [1438], 'limits': [1443], 'amount': [1446], 'developed': [1456], 'procedures': [1457], 'receive': [1464, 1553, 1739], 'compensation.In': [1465], 'shortly': [1469, 2077, 2479], '25': [1490, 2017, 2495], 'years.5': [1491], 'rules': [1495, 1710, 2510, 2923, 2969], 'drop,': [1505, 3142], 'plunge.': [1507], '1990s,': [1510], 'seemed': [1512], 'way': [1517, 1817, 2130], 'becoming': [1519, 3922], 'thing': [1521, 1782], 'past.25Fighting': [1524], 'DustAnother': [1526], 'requirement': [1527], 'creation': [1534], 'Workers’': [1538, 1718, 3840, 3886], 'Surveillance': [1540, 1720, 3836, 3888], 'Program': [1541, 1721], '(CWHSP),': [1542], 'voluntary': [1544, 1737], 'screening': [1545, 1832, 1933], 'program': [1546, 1738, 1763, 1934, 3098], 'upon': [1556, 1743, 3661], 'hiring': [1557], 'return': [1561, 1748], 'five': [1565, 1754], 'thereafter.': [1567], 'One': [1568], 'responsible': [1572], 'evaluating': [1574], 'Petsonk.': [1579], 'number': [1582, 1619], 'diagnosed': [1585], 'drop': [1590], 'improved': [1595], 'standards,25': [1597], 'expected': [1599], 'keep': [1602, 2900], 'dropping—except': [1603], 'didn’t.': [1605], '2000s,': [1609], 'increase': [1616, 2628, 2829], 'needed': [1625, 2450], 'data': [1626, 1827], 'back': [1628], 'his': [1630, 2264, 2272], 'perception.In': [1631], '2005': [1632, 2712, 3184], 'NIOSH': [1636, 1948, 2024, 2095, 2136, 3096], 'investigators': [1637, 2022], 'published': [1638, 1659, 4702, 4749], 'initial': [1640, 1959], 'evidence': [1641, 3976, 4054], 'geographical': [1643], '2011': [1655], 'colleagues': [1658], 'study': [1661, 1696, 1905, 2713, 4469], '138': [1663], 'compensated': [1667, 3319], 'state': [1670, 2382], 'between': [1673, 2717, 2874, 3320, 4499], '2009.6': [1676], 'spent': [1681], 'careers': [1683], 'effect.': [1694], 'thus': [1697, 2842], 'indicated': [1698, 1834, 1906, 1969], 'either': [1700], 'standards': [1704, 2351, 3740, 4758], 'adequate': [1707], 'followed,': [1714], 'both.The': [1716], '1970s': [1727], 'Act.': [1731], 'Miners': [1732, 3855, 4179], 'participate': [1734], 'ray': [1742], 'hired,': [1745], 'years.': [1755], 'mid-2000s,': [1758], 'doctors': [1759], 'participating': [1760], 'alerted': [1764], 'federal': [1765, 2380], 'authorities': [1766], 'resurgence': [1769, 2151], 'Appalachia.©': [1777], 'Michael': [1778], 'Sullivan/Science': [1779], 'Source“The': [1780], 'causes': [1784, 3437], 'illness': [1786], 'during': [1792, 3073], 'mining,”': [1794], 'David': [1796, 2088], 'Weissman,': [1797], 'director': [1798, 2357], 'Respiratory': [1801], 'Division': [1803], 'NIOSH.': [1805], '“To': [1806], 'young,': [1812], 'must': [1814, 3053], 'been': [1816, 2307, 2856], 'overexposed,': [1818], 'means': [1820, 2834, 2860], 'failures': [1821], '[regulatory]': [1823], 'compliance.”The': [1824], 'coming': [1828, 2216], 'NIOSH’s': [1831], 'programs': [1833], 'rise': [1837], 'Kentucky,': [1844], 'Virginia,': [1845, 3266, 3290], 'Virginia,26': [1848], 'operations': [1855, 2287], '(fewer': [1856], '155': [1858], 'miners)': [1859], 'likely': [1862, 1893, 1980, 2772], 'larger': [1869], 'outfits.27': [1870], 'Compared': [1871], 'states,': [1876], 'younger,': [1881], 'fewer': [1888, 2832], 'PMF,': [1896], 'lung.27': [1903], 'Another': [1904], 'abnormal': [1908], 'function,': [1910], 'measured': [1912], 'spirometry,': [1914, 2979], 'three': [1916], 'prevalent': [1919], 'suggesting': [1922], 'affecting': [1930, 2002, 2058], 'miners’': [1931, 2171, 3111, 4149], 'lungs.1The': [1932], 'voluntary,': [1936], 'because': [1938], 'estimated': [1945], 'participate.28': [1947], 'analyses': [1952], 'test': [1954], 'robustness': [1956], 'results.': [1960], 'results': [1962, 2838], 'analyses,': [1965], 'reported': [1966, 2714], '2014,': [1968, 2913], 'original': [1972], 'estimates': [1973], 'did': [1981], 'overstate': [1983], 'fact': [1987], 'understated': [1989], 'lung.29PMF': [1995], 'nonexistent': [1999], '2000,': [2001, 2057], '0.08%': [2004], 'CWHSP': [2006], 'participants': [2007, 4433], '0.33%': [2009], 'least': [2016], 'belowground.7': [2019], 'Centers': [2027, 3216, 3860], 'Disease': [2029, 3218, 3835, 3862, 4582], 'Control': [2030, 3219, 3863], 'Prevention': [2032, 3221, 4662], 'mapped': [2033], 'moving': [2038], 'forward,': [2039], 'steep': [2043], 'U-shaped': [2044], 'curve.': [2045], 'reported,': [2049], 'jumped': [2053], '900%': [2054, 2517], '3.23%': [2059], '25-plus': [2063], 'work.7': [2066], '“These': [2067], 'we': [2070, 2230], 'hadn’t': [2071], 'effect,”': [2085], 'coauthor': [2087, 2137], 'Blackley,': [2089], 'epidemiologist': [2091], 'NIOSH.For': [2093], 'scientists,': [2096], 'perhaps': [2097], 'frustrating': [2100], 'part': [2101], 'numbers': [2105, 2790, 3140], 'knowing': [2107], 'didn’t': [2109], 'way.': [2114], 'entirely': [2120, 3337], 'preventable': [2121, 3338], 'wouldn’t': [2124], 'without': [2128], 'too': [2131, 2262, 3126], 'much': [2132, 2556], 'dust,”': [2134], 'A.': [2138], 'Scott': [2139], 'Laney.To': [2140], 'Association,': [2149, 2331], 'mystery.': [2154], 'According': [2155], 'Terry': [2157], 'Lilly,': [2158, 2189, 2441], 'tall,': [2160], 'broad-shouldered': [2161], 'miner': [2162, 4432], 'gray': [2165], 'mustache,': [2166], 'weakening': [2167], 'union': [2172], '1980s': [2175], 'undermined': [2176], 'protections': [2178, 2897], 'put': [2179], 'leaving': [2186, 2425], 'vulnerable.': [2188], 'foreman,': [2194], 'officials': [2198], 'instructed': [2199], 'him': [2200], 'alter': [2202], 'measurements': [2203], 'mines.“We': [2209], 'knew': [2210], 'inspectors': [2214], 'before': [2217, 2763], 'foot': [2221], 'belowground.': [2222], 'They’d': [2223], 'call': [2224, 2973, 2994], 'us': [2225, 2228], 'let': [2227], 'know': [2229], 'visitor,': [2233], 'we’d': [2235], 'get': [2236, 2248], 'work.': [2238], 'We’d': [2239, 2251], 'monitors': [2242], 'below': [2243, 2815], 'vents,': [2244], 'they’d': [2246], 'constantly': [2247], 'fresh': [2249], 'air.': [2250], 'throw': [2252], 'curtains,”': [2254], 'Lilly': [2255], 'says.': [2256, 2576, 2754, 3165], 'got': [2261], 'thick,': [2263], 'choice': [2265], 'continue': [2268], 'lose': [2271], 'job.': [2273], 'Several': [2274], 'ago,': [2276], 'unions': [2279], 'stronger,': [2281], 'he’d': [2282], 'felt': [2283], 'empowered': [2284], 'halt': [2286], 'unsafe': [2289], 'situations,': [2290], 'says,': [2292, 2582, 2607, 3084], 'days': [2295], 'gone.The': [2298], 'companies': [2300], 'violations': [2304], 'occurred': [2305], 'sold': [2308], 'gone': [2310], 'bankrupt,': [2311], 'representatives': [2313], 'unavailable': [2315], 'comment': [2317, 2366], 'story.': [2320], 'Luke': [2323], 'Popovich,': [2324], 'spokesman': [2326], 'Mining': [2330, 4372, 4400, 4481, 4652], '“No': [2332], 'industry': [2336, 3048, 3062], 'wants': [2337], 'accident': [2340], 'consequently': [2342], 'do': [2343], 'tell': [2345], 'employees': [2347], 'ignore': [2349], 'safety': [2350, 2392], 'any': [2353, 2368, 2769, 3161], 'reason.”Jason': [2354], 'Hayes,': [2355], 'associate': [2356], 'American': [2360, 2404, 4587], 'Council,': [2362], 'adds,': [2363], '“I': [2364], 'anonymous': [2369], 'reports.': [2370], 'I': [2372], 'note': [2374], 'there': [2376], 'clear': [2379, 2877], 'governing': [2384], 'reduce': [2398, 3110], 'employee': [2399], 'follow': [2409], 'regulations.”A': [2411], 'Era': [2413, 4573], 'Safety?Many': [2415], 'largest': [2418], 'seams': [2420, 2429], 'depleted,': [2424], 'smaller,': [2427], 'narrower': [2428], 'modern-day': [2431], 'There': [2433], 'still': [2435], 'plenty': [2436], 'there,': [2439], 'make': [2444], 'room': [2445], 'machinery': [2449], 'extract': [2452], 'requires': [2454], 'blasting': [2455], 'rock.': [2464], 'A': [2465, 4232, 4328, 4385, 4424, 4570], 'major': [2466, 2474], 'component': [2467, 3434], 'rock': [2470], 'contributor': [2475], 'silicosis.30,31In': [2477], '1974,': [2478], '3.5%': [2490], 'tenure.': [2502], 'Rates': [2503], 'dropped': [2504], 'precipitously': [2505], 'protective': [2509, 3107], 'rebounded,': [2514], 'shooting': [2515], 'past': [2520, 4535], '15': [2521], 'years.Source:': [2522], 'Blackley': [2523, 3164, 3330, 3518, 4418, 4634], 'et': [2524], 'al.': [2525], '(2014)7Weissman': [2526], 'believe': [2529, 2884], 'combination': [2531], 'dusts': [2536], 'toxic': [2539], 'helping': [2542], 'drive': [2543], 'surge': [2545], 'causing': [2551], 'faster': [2557], 'generations.31,32': [2561], '“This': [2562], 'toxic,': [2566], 'it,”': [2574], 'Weissman': [2575, 3500], 'Rather': [2577], 'straight': [2579], 'seems': [2584], 'developing': [2587], 'mixed': [2590], 'worst': [2595], 'aspects': [2596], 'idea': [2603], 'supported,': [2605], 'recent': [2610], 'histopathologic': [2611], 'analysis': [2612], 'samples': [2615], 'obtained': [2616], 'CWP.32As': [2624], 'why': [2626], 'striking': [2633], 'central': [2635], 'Appalachia,': [2636], 'content': [2638, 2720, 4027, 4718, 4737], 'might': [2643], 'play': [2644], 'role,': [2646], 'Andrea': [2648], 'Harrington,': [2649], 'postdoctoral': [2651], 'scientist': [2653], 'York': [2656], 'University': [2657], 'School': [2658], 'Medicine.': [2660], 'mined': [2663], 'region': [2666], 'has': [2667], 'unusually': [2669], 'concentration': [2671], 'pyrite,': [2673], 'iron': [2675, 2683, 4026], 'compound': [2676], 'commonly': [2677], 'fool’s': [2680], 'gold.33': [2681], 'pyrite': [2685, 2719, 2739, 3973, 3981, 4059], 'fairly': [2687], 'chemically': [2688], 'stripping': [2690], 'electrons': [2691], 'water': [2693], 'molecules': [2694], 'species': [2699, 3996], 'hydrogen': [2704], 'peroxide,': [2705], 'hydroxyl': [2706], 'radicals,': [2707], 'superoxide,': [2708], 'singlet': [2710], 'oxygen.34A': [2711], 'association': [2716, 3190], 'various': [2725], 'regions': [2727], 'documented': [2733], 'there.35': [2734], 'Harrington’s': [2735], 'increases': [2743, 2746], 'inflammation,36': [2744], 'damage.37': [2748], '“It’s': [2749], 'dose': [2751], 'issue,”': [2752], 'she': [2753], '“Your': [2755], 'handle': [2759], 'gets': [2765], 'overwhelmed.”The': [2766], 'issues,': [2775], 'Harrington': [2776, 3991, 4039, 4071], 'adds.': [2777], 'adding': [2779], 'metal': [2782], 'exacerbates': [2787], 'problems.Decreasing': [2789], 'mines—a': [2794], 'competition': [2797], 'natural': [2799], 'gas': [2800], 'declining': [2802], 'profits38—means': [2803], 'going': [2810], 'down,': [2811], '2013': [2813], 'falling': [2814], 'billion': [2817], 'tons': [2819], '20': [2825], 'years.39': [2826], 'Pressure': [2827], 'productivity': [2830], 'mechanization,': [2836], 'harmful': [2844], 'hand': [2848], 'labor': [2849, 2893], 'produce.': [2851], 'longer': [2858, 2867], 'hours—this': [2859], 'periods': [2868], 'shifts': [2875], 'lungs.29The': [2882], 'whatever': [2886], 'increase,': [2891], 'stronger': [2892], 'sick.': [2906], 'Their': [2907], 'desire': [2908], 'pass': [2911], 'Administration': [2920, 3072], 'issued': [2921], 'updated': [2922], 'exposure.': [2926, 3060], 'Among': [2927, 3206], 'provisions': [2928], 'go': [2931], '2016,': [2935], 'allowable': [2937], 'overall': [2938], 'level': [2940], 'tightened': [2942], '2.0': [2944], 'mg/m3': [2945], '1.5': [2947], 'mg/m3,': [2948], 'operators': [2951], 'continuously': [2956], 'monitor': [2957], 'take': [2961], 'immediate': [2962], 'action': [2963], 'if': [2964], 'high.40Updated': [2968], 'tests': [2977], 'identify': [2983], 'work-related': [2985], 'besides': [2988], 'NIOSHThe': [2991], 'changes': [2992], 'ray,': [3005], 'testing': [3011], 'spirometry.': [3013], 'Robert': [3014], 'Cohen,': [3015], 'professor': [3017], 'pulmonary': [3019, 3545], 'medicine': [3020], 'Northwestern': [3022], 'University,': [3023], 'catch': [3027], 'airways': [3031], 'well': [3033], 'exposure.Popovich': [3044], 'believes': [3049], 'done': [3055], 'protect': [3057], '“The': [3061], 'offered': [3063], 'concrete': [3064], 'suggestions': [3065, 3119], 'agency’s': [3075], 'rule-making': [3076], 'proceeding': [3077], 'standard,”': [3082], 'calling': [3086], 'mandatory': [3088], 'participation': [3089], 'adoption': [3100], 'hierarchy': [3103], 'progressively': [3105], 'controls': [3108], 'dust.41': [3115], 'Popovich': [3116], 'adopted': [3122, 3135], 'agency.It’s': [3125], 'soon': [3127], 'say': [3129], 'actually': [3137], 'hope': [3145], 'will.': [3147], 'disables': [3151], 'ten': [3153], 'percent': [3154], 'unacceptable': [3159], 'environment,”': [3163], 'shouldn’t': [3167], 'risk.”References1': [3174], 'Wang': [3175, 3540], 'MLet': [3176], 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