Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2409182011', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026', 'title': 'Cosmic ray transport near the heliopause', 'display_name': 'Cosmic ray transport near the heliopause', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2409182011', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026', 'mag': '2409182011'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210187594', 'display_name': 'Journal of Physics Conference Series', 'issn_l': '1742-6588', 'issn': ['1742-6588', '1742-6596'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081917637', 'display_name': 'Du Toit Strauss', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-0808'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27765905', 'display_name': 'North-West University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010f1sq29', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I82495205', 'display_name': 'University of Alabama in Huntsville', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zsxwr40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82495205']}], 'countries': ['US', 'ZA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'R D Strauss', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Space Research, North-West University, South Africa', 'The Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Space Research, North-West University, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82495205']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065357584', 'display_name': 'H. Fichtner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-5127'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I904495901', 'display_name': 'Ruhr University Bochum', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04tsk2644', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I904495901']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H Fichtner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr Universität, Bochum, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr Universität, Bochum, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I904495901']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015251382', 'display_name': 'M. S. Potgieter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-7333'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27765905', 'display_name': 'North-West University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010f1sq29', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M S Potgieter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Space Research, North-West University, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Space Research, North-West University, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004940654', 'display_name': 'J. A. le Roux', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9199-2890'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I82495205', 'display_name': 'University of Alabama in Huntsville', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zsxwr40', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82495205']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J A le Roux', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82495205']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085178749', 'display_name': 'Xi Luo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-6042'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27765905', 'display_name': 'North-West University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010f1sq29', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210115570', 'display_name': 'National Space Science Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02nnjtm50', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210115570']}], 'countries': ['CN', 'ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'X Luo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Space Research, North-West University, South Africa', 'National Space Science Center CAS, Beijing, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Space Research, North-West University, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Space Science Center CAS, Beijing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210115570']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5081917637'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905', 'https://openalex.org/I82495205'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.442, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 4, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.682979, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 79, 'max': 81}, 'biblio': {'volume': '642', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '012026', 'last_page': '012026'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10251', 'display_name': 'Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10251', 'display_name': 'Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10159', 'display_name': 'Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics', 'score': 0.9942, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11320', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Ozone and Climate', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/heliosphere', 'display_name': 'Heliosphere', 'score': 0.9463872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation', 'display_name': 'Modulation (music)', 'score': 0.4118409}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111309251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547', 'display_name': 'Cosmic ray', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9563184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54834619', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131687', 'display_name': 'Heliosphere', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9463872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7207905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196939603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41872', 'display_name': 'Interstellar medium', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6483298}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6194697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C85725439', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686', 'display_name': 'Anisotropy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5600724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C69357855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214', 'display_name': 'Diffusion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54410386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44212717}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199631012', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034', 'display_name': 'Perpendicular', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42733276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59375849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513', 'display_name': 'COSMIC cancer database', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42339495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123079801', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240', 'display_name': 'Modulation (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4118409}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30475298', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554', 'display_name': 'Computational physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3271668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82706917', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251', 'display_name': 'Plasma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27138537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108411613', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833', 'display_name': 'Solar wind', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.21514133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19395599}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10735628}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09688538}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210187594', 'display_name': 'Journal of Physics Conference Series', 'issn_l': '1742-6588', 'issn': ['1742-6588', '1742-6596'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012026/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210187594', 'display_name': 'Journal of Physics Conference Series', 'issn_l': '1742-6588', 'issn': ['1742-6588', '1742-6596'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 24, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1601941698', 'https://openalex.org/W1645837219', 'https://openalex.org/W1963701191', 'https://openalex.org/W1981455005', 'https://openalex.org/W1985180652', 'https://openalex.org/W2019478161', 'https://openalex.org/W2025491489', 'https://openalex.org/W2034713402', 'https://openalex.org/W2055047962', 'https://openalex.org/W2056513941', 'https://openalex.org/W2064064485', 'https://openalex.org/W2064745170', 'https://openalex.org/W2073118912', 'https://openalex.org/W2075335567', 'https://openalex.org/W2076085321', 'https://openalex.org/W2078820136', 'https://openalex.org/W2079448371', 'https://openalex.org/W2083172871', 'https://openalex.org/W2087364146', 'https://openalex.org/W2107278078', 'https://openalex.org/W2129709684', 'https://openalex.org/W2211174463', 'https://openalex.org/W3100599655', 'https://openalex.org/W3160541443'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4206464611', 'https://openalex.org/W3105844179', 'https://openalex.org/W2982777303', 'https://openalex.org/W2409182011', 'https://openalex.org/W2080038038', 'https://openalex.org/W2072800187', 'https://openalex.org/W2048722367', 'https://openalex.org/W1717108744', 'https://openalex.org/W1647529796', 'https://openalex.org/W1562212942'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'this': [1, 78], 'paper': [2], 'we': [3, 109], 'summarize': [4], 'our': [5], 'modelling': [6], 'efforts': [7], 'for': [8, 30, 114, 119], 'cosmic': [9, 18, 37, 124], 'rays': [10, 125], 'near': [11], 'the': [12, 22, 31, 35, 41, 52, 60, 65, 70, 101, 106, 115, 127], 'heliopause,': [13], 'and': [14, 26, 81, 122], 'discuss': [15], 'whether': [16], 'galactic': [17, 121], 'ray': [19, 38], 'modulation': [20, 50, 79], 'beyond': [21, 51], 'heliopause': [23, 53, 71], 'is': [24, 54], 'possible': [25], 'present': [27], 'an': [28, 96], 'explanation': [29], 'anisotropic': [32, 116], 'nature': [33], 'of': [34, 100], 'observed': [36, 118], 'intensities': [39], 'in': [40, 126], 'very': [42], 'local': [43, 128], 'interstellar': [44, 129], 'medium.': [45, 130], 'We': [46], 'show': [47], 'that': [48, 86], '(i)': [49], 'possible,': [55], 'but': [56], 'highly': [57], 'dependent': [58], 'on': [59, 105], 'assumed': [61], 'parameters': [62], '(most': [63], 'notable,': [64], 'perpendicular': [66, 102], 'diffusion': [67, 103], 'coefficient).': [68], 'Treating': [69], 'as': [72], 'a': [73], 'tangential': [74], 'discontinuity,': [75], 'significantly': [76], 'damps': [77], 'effect': [80], 'leads': [82], 'to': [83, 89, 112], 'modelled': [84], 'results': [85], 'are': [87, 110], 'similar': [88], 'Voyager': [90], '1': [91], 'observations.': [92], '(ii)': [93], 'By': [94], 'choosing': [95], 'appropriate': [97], 'functional': [98], 'form': [99], 'coefficient': [104], 'pitch-angle': [107], 'level,': [108], 'able': [111], 'account': [113], 'behaviour': [117], 'both': [120], 'anomalous': [123]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2409182011', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-22T09:37:23.423443', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}