Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2405982356', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Narcolepsy: clinical approach to etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.', 'display_name': 'Narcolepsy: clinical approach to etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2405982356', 'mag': '2405982356', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22249574'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22249574', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088562204', 'display_name': 'Ewa Koziorynska', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181697535', 'display_name': 'SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0041qmd21', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181697535']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ewa I Koziorynska', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181697535']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101056229', 'display_name': 'Alcibiades J. Rodriguez', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alcibiades J Rodriguez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.699, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 13, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.686543, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 86, 'max': 87}, 'biblio': {'volume': '8', 'issue': '3-4', 'first_page': 'e97', 'last_page': '106'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10985', 'display_name': 'Sleep and Wakefulness Research', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10985', 'display_name': 'Sleep and Wakefulness Research', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-paralysis', 'display_name': 'Sleep paralysis', 'score': 0.9219779}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779494582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189561', 'display_name': 'Narcolepsy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.96985614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777133385', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486851', 'display_name': 'Sleep paralysis', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9219779}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780163352', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944473', 'display_name': 'Cataplexy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.90884787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781433485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3144201', 'display_name': 'Excessive daytime sleepiness', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.80529225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7426822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777446050', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664214', 'display_name': 'Multiple Sleep Latency Test', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.660077}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780714222', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410441', 'display_name': 'Modafinil', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5148439}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49585328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1513209611', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190', 'display_name': 'Sleep disorder', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45737246}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776132596', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2103933', 'display_name': 'REM sleep behavior disorder', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.45682788}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35591435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187212893', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32487243}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778205975', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874', 'display_name': 'Polysomnography', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.27567345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781210498', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874', 'display_name': 'Insomnia', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.226693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781326671', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424', 'display_name': 'Apnea', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.07967353}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009290', 'descriptor_name': 'Narcolepsy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009290', 'descriptor_name': 'Narcolepsy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002385', 'descriptor_name': 'Cataplexy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002385', 'descriptor_name': 'Cataplexy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002385', 'descriptor_name': 'Cataplexy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002385', 'descriptor_name': 'Cataplexy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000697', 'descriptor_name': 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000697', 'descriptor_name': 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006212', 'descriptor_name': 'Hallucinations', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006212', 'descriptor_name': 'Hallucinations', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006212', 'descriptor_name': 'Hallucinations', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006212', 'descriptor_name': 'Hallucinations', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009290', 'descriptor_name': 'Narcolepsy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009290', 'descriptor_name': 'Narcolepsy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020188', 'descriptor_name': 'Sleep Paralysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020188', 'descriptor_name': 'Sleep Paralysis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020188', 'descriptor_name': 'Sleep Paralysis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020188', 'descriptor_name': 'Sleep Paralysis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016896', 'descriptor_name': 'Treatment Outcome', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22249574', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.66}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W341571259', 'https://openalex.org/W3172749481', 'https://openalex.org/W3030497794', 'https://openalex.org/W2406708942', 'https://openalex.org/W2405982356', 'https://openalex.org/W2107616339', 'https://openalex.org/W2090971663', 'https://openalex.org/W2038055915', 'https://openalex.org/W2022381632', 'https://openalex.org/W1465952547'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Narcolepsy': [0, 86], 'is': [1, 22, 121, 134, 142], 'a': [2, 36, 91], 'neurologic': [3], 'disorder': [4, 93], 'characterized': [5, 69], 'by': [6, 32, 70], 'excessive': [7, 45], 'daytime': [8, 46, 132], 'sleepiness': [9, 133], 'and': [10, 56, 152, 159], 'manifestations': [11], 'of': [12, 24, 63, 73, 78, 82, 119], 'disrupted': [13], 'rapid': [14], 'eye': [15], 'movement': [16], 'sleep': [17, 52, 54, 161, 176, 178], 'stage.': [18], 'The': [19, 117], 'pathologic': [20], 'hallmark': [21], 'loss': [23, 72], 'hypocretin': [25, 111], 'neurons': [26], 'in': [27, 35, 42], 'the': [28, 124, 128], 'hypothalamus': [29], 'likely': [30], 'triggered': [31], 'environmental': [33], 'factors': [34], 'susceptible': [37], 'individual.': [38], 'Patients': [39, 171], 'with': [40, 50, 65, 136, 144, 165, 172], 'narcolepsy,': [41], 'addition': [43], 'to': [44, 61], 'sleepiness,': [47], 'can': [48, 87], 'present': [49], 'cataplexy,': [51, 68], 'paralysis,': [53, 157], 'fragmentation,': [55], 'hypnagogic/hypnopompic': [57], 'hallucinations.': [58], 'Approximately': [59], '60%': [60], '90%': [62], 'patients': [64, 79], 'narcolepsy': [66, 120, 173], 'have': [67], 'sudden': [71], 'muscle': [74], 'tone.': [75], 'Only': [76], '15%': [77], 'manifest': [80], 'all': [81], 'these': [83], 'symptoms': [84, 126], 'together.': [85], 'be': [88, 163], 'misdiagnosed': [89], 'as': [90], 'psychiatric': [92], 'or': [94, 138, 149, 168], 'even': [95], 'epilepsy.': [96], 'An': [97], 'appropriate': [98], 'clinical': [99], 'history,': [100], 'polysomnogram,': [101], 'Multiple': [102], 'Sleep': [103, 156], 'Latency': [104], 'Test,': [105], 'and,': [106, 182], 'at': [107, 179], 'times,': [108], 'cerebrospinal': [109], 'fluid': [110], 'levels': [112], 'are': [113], 'necessary': [114], 'for': [115], 'diagnosis.': [116], 'treatment': [118], 'aimed': [122], 'toward': [123], 'different': [125], 'that': [127], 'patient': [129], 'manifests.': [130], 'Excessive': [131], 'treated': [135, 143, 164], 'amphetamine-like': [137], 'non-amphetamine-like': [139], 'stimulants.': [140], 'Cataplexy': [141], 'sodium': [145, 169], 'oxybate,': [146], 'tricyclic': [147], 'antidepressants,': [148], 'selective': [150], 'serotonin': [151], 'norepinephrine': [153], 'reuptake': [154], 'inhibitors.': [155], 'hallucinations,': [158], 'fragmented': [160], 'may': [162], 'benzodiazepine': [166], 'hypnotics': [167], 'oxybate.': [170], 'should': [174], 'avoid': [175], 'deprivation,': [177], 'regular': [180], 'hours,': [181], 'if': [183], 'possible,': [184], 'schedule': [185], 'routine': [186], 'napping.': [187]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2405982356', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T05:05:00.747179', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}