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[104, 379, 2411], 'tumors.': [106, 2406, 2464], 'Owing': [107], 'their': [109, 114, 270, 330], 'rarity': [110], 'as': [111, 113, 164, 180, 245, 671, 772, 974, 1398, 1588], 'well': [112, 698], 'indolent': [116], 'natural': [117], 'history,': [118], 'treatment': [119, 700, 815, 1132, 1228, 1329, 1345, 1592, 1713, 1797, 2209, 2392, 2461, 2588], 'approaches': [120], 'not': [122, 691, 789, 1116, 1206, 1287, 1642, 1931, 2161], 'yet': [123], 'standardized.': [124], 'A': [125, 273, 721, 1310, 1440, 2078, 2669], 'formal': [126, 831, 876, 1234, 2439], 'resection': [128, 983, 1192, 1202, 1235, 1259, 1312, 1322, 1349, 1364, 1512, 1539, 1640, 1651, 2195, 2440, 2446, 2480, 3149, 3201, 3406, 3430], 'is': [129, 160, 177, 349, 376, 436, 445, 462, 581, 690, 769, 891, 1021, 1068, 1093, 1124, 1154, 1231, 1240, 1286, 1327, 1333, 1358, 1365, 1529, 1615, 1791, 1805, 1853, 1862, 1916, 1930, 1978, 2035, 2160, 2278, 2334, 2441, 2450, 3486], 'usually': [130, 1745], 'mandatory': [131, 1863, 2036, 2409], 'large': [133, 474, 1168], 'localized': [135, 2256, 2412], 'sporadic': [136, 702], 'tumors': [138, 451, 490, 521, 999, 1775, 1827, 1831, 1891, 2592, 2881, 2931, 2984, 3075, 3119, 3230, 3374], 'or': [139, 182, 211, 248, 441, 652, 774, 970, 1221, 1459, 1540, 1664, 1668, 1761, 1766, 1786, 1803, 1898, 2024, 2104, 2199, 3283], 'in': [140, 146, 155, 198, 225, 357, 381, 457, 477, 548, 563, 583, 669, 872, 1076, 1260, 1368, 1453, 1551, 1593, 1622, 1633, 1716, 1733, 1798, 1883, 1893, 1899, 1942, 1945, 1986, 2011, 2046, 2097, 2155, 2165, 2207, 2225, 2262, 2384, 2400, 2424, 2434, 2459, 2485, 2496, 2567, 2698, 2744, 2771, 2877, 2925, 2985, 3013, 3062, 3069, 3178, 3209, 3234, 3256, 3319, 3408], 'the': [141, 171, 187, 190, 205, 215, 219, 226, 253, 286, 289, 299, 314, 346, 352, 355, 358, 367, 374, 382, 419, 429, 478, 493, 505, 549, 553, 564, 567, 586, 588, 604, 620, 623, 643, 673, 707, 716, 730, 763, 779, 782, 814, 841, 846, 858, 887, 936, 965, 982, 985, 989, 1022, 1077, 1085, 1102, 1128, 1137, 1185, 1208, 1211, 1222, 1257, 1261, 1268, 1276, 1314, 1324, 1328, 1341, 1376, 1401, 1407, 1424, 1446, 1515, 1703, 1748, 1793, 1811, 1845, 1848, 1851, 1854, 1866, 1872, 1894, 1900, 1943, 1947, 1955, 1960, 1963, 1966, 1969, 2027, 2047, 2050, 2058, 2066, 2101, 2125, 2137, 2180, 2208, 2240, 2263, 2275, 2280, 2298, 2306, 2326, 2331, 2401, 2425, 2451, 2477, 2483, 2486, 2497, 2546, 2594, 2638, 2717, 2726, 2750, 2772, 2933, 2988, 3033, 3077, 3127, 3203, 3232, 3297, 3343, 3388], 'presence': [142, 254, 1209, 1249, 1281, 1408, 2067], 'symptoms.': [144], 'However,': [145, 810, 1038, 1671], 'small': [147, 449, 653, 719, 998, 1799, 1914, 2813, 3281], 'asymptomatic': [149, 2056, 2428], 'lesions,': [150], 'a': [151, 156, 195, 229, 256, 319, 323, 335, 473, 501, 508, 511, 540, 571, 614, 750, 785, 792, 797, 852, 865, 906, 925, 945, 959, 1005, 1025, 1029, 1044, 1057, 1097, 1121, 1175, 1190, 1200, 1233, 1347, 1361, 1485, 1577, 1589, 1649, 1672, 1676, 1679, 1689, 1698, 1711, 1814, 1838, 1884, 1927, 1974, 2106, 2119, 2129, 2162, 2193, 2270, 2344, 2363, 2397, 2437, 2444, 2526, 2615, 2619, 2643, 2676, 2795, 2961, 3153, 3179, 3216, 3448, 3452, 3489], 'conservative': [152, 1815, 2130], 'approach': [153, 1499, 2277, 3008], 'consisting': [154], 'careful': [157], 'wait-and-see': [158, 751], 'policy': [159, 752], 'going': [161], 'appear': [163], 'appropriate,': [166], 'particularly': [167, 759], 'when,': [168, 760], 'remove': [170, 762], 'lesion,': [172, 764], 'an': [173, 443, 765, 879, 933, 954, 1288, 1449, 1631, 1860, 1907, 2006, 2074, 2204], 'aggressive': [174, 766, 2448, 3006, 3095], 'surgical': [175, 341, 359, 767, 1122, 1182, 1201, 1258, 1602, 1725, 1796, 1868, 1879, 2391, 3007], 'procedure': [176, 768, 1123, 1869, 1880, 2292], 'required,': [178, 770], 'such': [179, 771, 973], 'pancreaticoduodenectomy': [181, 773, 853], 'distal': [183, 775, 866], 'splenopancreatectomy,': [184, 776], 'depending': [185, 251, 777], 'on': [186, 252, 277, 285, 610, 778, 1514, 2080], 'localization': [188, 412, 780], 'tumor.': [191], 'Surgery': [192, 1332], 'has': [193, 683, 788, 963, 1585, 2213], 'also': [194, 903, 2188], 'significant': [196, 893], 'role': [197, 1061, 1794, 2206, 2281], 'locally': [199, 1176], 'advanced': [200, 1166, 1177], 'metastatic': [202, 1395, 1624, 1628, 1685, 2021, 3213], 'forms.': [203], 'In': [204, 499, 517, 538, 1472, 1627, 1645, 1857, 2239], 'setting': [206], 'MEN': [208], '1': [209, 464, 635], 'syndrome': [210, 257], 'Von-Hippel': [212], 'Lindau': [213], 'disease,': [214, 1405, 1973], 'tumor': [216, 369, 476, 611, 842, 1186, 1305, 1354, 1560, 1611, 1639, 1691, 1783, 2059, 2109, 2332, 2958, 3207, 3253], 'size': [217, 612, 1841, 2060, 2159, 2694], 'possible': [220, 1367, 2126], 'symptoms': [221, 1141, 1337, 1621, 1785], 'should': [222, 1115, 1252, 1388, 1444, 1936, 2467], 'be': [223, 628, 807, 1012, 1112, 1117, 1253, 1340, 1389, 1419, 1469, 1481, 1653, 1937, 2063, 2143, 2255, 2260, 2289, 2295, 2419, 2469], 'considered': [224, 2408], 'evaluation': [227], 'proper': [230], 'treatment.IntroductionPancreatic': [231], '(pNENs)': [234], 'clinically': [238, 243, 2527], 'demanding': [239], 'diseases.': [240], 'pNENs': [241, 312, 2394], 'defined': [244], 'functioning': [246, 1623, 1788, 2815], '(F-pNENs)': [247], 'nonfunctioning': [249, 1009, 1629, 1647, 1774, 2001, 2085, 2878, 3287], '(NF-pNENs)': [250], 'related': [258, 1701, 2064], 'inappropriate': [260], 'hormone': [261], 'secretion': [262], 'thus': [264, 1157], 'they': [265, 1051, 1434, 1736, 1743, 2044, 2244, 2253, 2258], 'classified': [267], 'according': [268, 491, 839], 'hormonal': [271, 415, 1619], 'secretion.1': [272], 'staging': [274, 513, 542, 2388, 2521, 2609], 'system': [275, 283, 590], 'based': [276, 284, 607], 'tumor-node-metastasis': [278], '(TNM)': [279], 'parameters': [280], 'grading': [282, 2524, 2620], 'assessment': [287], 'proliferative': [290, 1411], 'activity': [291, 2361], 'neoplastic': [293], 'cells': [294], 'have': [295, 391, 878, 1174, 1606, 1697, 2196], 'been': [296, 392, 684, 790, 1586, 2197, 2214], 'proposed': [297, 1587, 2183], 'European': [300], 'Neuroendocrine': [301, 2667, 2903], 'Tumor': [302, 2158, 2544], 'Society': [303], '(ENETS).2': [304], 'The': [305, 326, 343, 557, 745, 914, 956, 1015, 1181, 1227, 1248, 1280, 1385, 1508, 1543, 1818, 1878, 2337, 2375], 'World': [306, 3300, 3414], 'Health': [307], 'Organization': [308], '(WHO)': [309], 'classification': [310, 485, 514, 543, 606, 3177], 'serves': [313], 'primary': [315, 368, 1315, 1353, 1610, 1638, 1690, 2108, 3204], 'purpose': [316], 'assigning': [318], 'diagnostic': [320, 2386], 'category': [321, 688], 'with': [322, 386, 739, 796, 851, 864, 905, 1004, 1024, 1043, 1056, 1066, 1133, 1172, 1193, 1237, 1300, 1318, 1456, 1504, 1684, 1707, 1828, 1837, 1887, 1906, 2105, 2118, 2192, 2227, 2297, 2362, 2569, 2696, 2721, 2929, 3015, 3037, 3116, 3121, 3211, 3280, 3365, 3410], 'clinical': [324, 1059, 2871], 'significance.3': [325], 'heterogeneous': [327], 'presentation': [328], 'different': [331, 2834], 'biological': [332], 'behavior': [333], 'pose': [334], 'complicated': [336], 'set': [337], 'questions': [339], 'about': [340, 1101], 'management.': [342, 1816], 'aim': [344], 'present': [347], 'review': [348, 3450], 'analyze': [351], 'state': [353], 'art': [356], 'pNEN.Preoperative': [362], 'assessmentPreoperative': [363], 'imagingThe': [364], 'imaging': [365, 389, 397, 712, 3144], 'location': [370], 'extent': [372, 2989], 'disease': [375, 1178, 1995, 3368], 'necessary': [377], 'phases': [380], 'patients': [385, 738, 1065, 1080, 1171, 1299, 1373, 1455, 1552, 1594, 1683, 1706, 1755, 1991, 2017, 2038, 2082, 2226, 2568, 2720, 2928, 3014, 3036, 3070, 3115, 3210, 3279, 3295, 3364, 3409], 'pNENs.': [387, 2211], 'Several': [388], 'modalities': [390], 'widely': [393], 'used,': [394], 'including': [395, 1662, 2618], 'conventional': [396], 'studies': [398, 413, 1812], '(computed': [399], 'tomography,': [400], 'magnetic': [401], 'resonance': [402], 'imaging,': [403], 'ultrasound,': [404, 410], 'angiography),': [405], 'somatostatin': [406, 466, 1134, 1427], 'receptor': [407, 467], 'scintigraphy,': [408], 'endoscopic': [409, 455], 'functional': [411, 1006], 'measuring': [414], 'gradients,': [416], 'and,': [417], 'recently,': [418], 'use': [420, 431, 709, 966, 2299], 'positron': [422, 468], 'emission': [423, 469], 'tomography4': [424], '(Figure': [425, 1308], '1).': [426, 498], 'During': [427], 'surgery,': [428], 'routine': [430, 460], 'intraoperative': [433, 2301], 'ultrasound': [434], '(IOUS)': [435], 'recommended,': [437, 1933], 'especially': [438], 'insulinomas': [440, 1771, 1790, 2274], 'whenever': [442, 1120], 'enucleation': [444, 975, 1536, 1888, 2220], 'planned,': [446], 'duodenal': [450, 453, 1767, 1901, 2151], '(especially': [452], 'gastrinomas)': [454], 'transillumination': [456], 'addition': [458], 'duodenotomy': [461, 1911], 'recommended.5Figure': [463], 'Gallium-68': [465], 'tomography/computed': [470], 'tomography': [471, 1569], 'demonstrating': [472, 1570], 'tail.Download': [480], 'FigureTumor': [481], 'stagingThe': [482], 'current': [483], 'WHO': [484, 2541, 3176], 'NEN': [487], 'divided': [488], 'digestive': [489, 644, 2722, 2727, 3041], 'grade': [494], 'differentiation3': [496], '(Table': [497], '2006,': [500], 'working': [502], 'group': [503], 'ENETS': [506, 560, 605, 621, 746], 'published': [507], 'proposal': [509, 2617], 'TNM': [512, 541, 555, 2520], 'pNENs.6': [516], 'classification,': [519], 'pT1': [520, 578], '<2': [523, 743], 'cm,': [524, 532, 2094], 'pT2': [525, 580, 600], 'between': [527, 1087, 1130], '2': [528, 574, 1002, 1567, 1834, 2432, 3285], 'cm': [529, 575, 821, 1835, 2433], '4': [531, 617], 'pT3': [534], '>4': [536], 'cm.': [537, 618], '2009,': [539], 'pNET': [545, 742, 828, 1781, 2086, 2166, 2429], 'was': [546, 735, 1641], 'suggested': [547], 'seventh': [550], 'edition': [551], 'AJCC/UICC': [554, 558, 589], 'classification.2': [556], 'classifications': [561, 625], 'differ': [562, 838], 'definitions': [565], 'T': [568], 'stages': [569], 'although': [570, 886, 1050, 1778, 1808], 'cutoff': [572, 615], 'distinguish': [577, 599], 'from': [579, 601, 803, 895, 920, 928, 940, 948, 1448, 1534, 2084, 2982, 3040, 3296], 'used': [582, 685], 'both.': [584], 'On': [585], 'contrary,': [587], 'requires': [591], 'recognition': [592], 'peripancreatic': [594], 'soft': [595], 'tissue': [596], 'invasion': [597, 1214, 1223, 1266, 1274, 1285], 'pT3,': [602], 'whereas': [603, 855, 935], 'distinction': [609], 'using': [613, 2269], 'Both': [619], 'AJCC': [624], 'revealed': [626], 'accurate': [629], 'tools': [630], 'prognostication': [632], 'pNEN.7,8Table': [634], 'Classification': [636, 675, 2542], '(WHO': [637], '2010)': [638], 'system.WHO': [645], '2010NET': [646], 'G1': [647], '(carcinoid)a,bNET': [648], 'G2aNEC': [649], '(large': [650], 'cell': [651, 654, 1764], 'type)a,b,cMixed': [655], 'adenoneuroendocrine': [656], 'carcinoma': [657], '(MANEC)bHyperplastic': [658], 'preneoplastic': [660], 'lesionsaG:': [661], 'Grade,': [662], 'NEC:': [663], 'carcinoma,': [665], 'NET:': [666], 'tumor.bDefinition': [668], 'parentheses': [670], 'International': [674, 2645, 3494], 'Diseases': [677], 'Oncology': [679], '(ICD-O)': [680], 'coding.c“NET': [681], 'G3”': [682], 'but': [689, 1084], 'advised,': [692], 'since': [693], 'NETs': [694], 'definition': [697], 'differentiated.Surgical': [699], 'pNENLocalized': [703], 'pNENThe': [704], 'improvement': [705], 'widespread': [708], 'cross-sectional': [711], 'technique': [713], 'significantly': [714], 'increased': [715, 964, 1840], 'detection': [717, 2498], 'NF-pNET.1': [720], 'recent': [722, 1673, 2457], 'study': [723, 2079], 'Bettini': [725, 2689, 3165], 'et': [726, 2492, 2514, 2557, 2585, 2606, 2631, 2691, 2711, 2741, 2764, 2787, 2808, 2829, 2867, 2893, 2918, 2945, 2976, 3003, 3028, 3058, 3089, 3107, 3140, 3167, 3197, 3248, 3272, 3309, 3334, 3355, 3384, 3402, 3442], 'al9': [727], 'demonstrated': [728, 1675, 2215], 'that': [729, 979, 1387, 1417, 1705, 2091, 2153, 2216, 2320, 2370], 'incidence': [731, 908, 915, 1378], 'malignant': [733], 'forms': [734, 1010, 1709, 2413, 2449], '6%': [736], 'among': [737], 'incidentally': [740, 756], 'discovered': [741, 757], 'cm.9': [744], 'guidelines': [747, 2715, 3031], 'now': [748, 1823], 'recommend': [749, 1813], 'these': [754, 992, 1454, 1646, 1694, 1890, 2016, 2178, 2405, 2463], 'small,': [755], 'tumors,': [758, 1648, 2247], 'tumor.10': [783], 'Although': [784, 1921], 'follow-up': [786, 3145], 'protocol': [787], 'investigated,': [791], 'yearly': [793, 1839], 'imaging-based': [794], 'observation': [795], 'first': [798], 'control': [799, 1618], 'after': [800, 924, 932, 944, 953, 1437, 1637, 2372, 2746, 2790, 2833, 2952, 3146], '6': [801], 'months': [802], 'diagnosis': [804, 1441, 3172], 'seems': [805, 2061], 'reasonably': [808], 'safe.': [809], 'surgery': [811, 826, 1393, 1467, 1528, 1557, 1614, 1779, 1821, 1852, 2034, 2284, 2342, 2416, 3111, 3275, 3445], 'still': [812, 892, 1069, 1094, 1109, 1806, 2395], 'represents': [813], 'choice': [817, 1230], 'pNETs': [819, 1729, 2003, 2141], '>2': [820], 'and/or': [822, 1830, 1836], 'symptomatic': [824], 'forms.Radical': [825], 'includes': [829], 'both': [830, 2475], 'limited': [833, 971, 995, 1019, 1039, 1824], 'resections.': [835], 'Formal': [836, 899], 'resections': [837, 877, 901, 972, 1020, 1040, 2187, 2811, 2835, 2853], 'site:': [843], 'lesions': [844, 856, 1357, 1923, 2092, 3341], 'head': [848, 1895, 1961], 'treated': [850, 863, 2235], '(PD),': [854], 'body': [859, 1970], 'tail': [861, 1964], 'pancreatectomy': [867, 978, 1929, 1977, 2791, 3072, 3337], '(DP).': [868], 'Currently,': [869, 991, 1777], 'when': [870, 1033, 1152, 1346, 2330, 2436], 'performed': [871, 1118], 'high-volume': [873], 'centers,': [874], 'acceptable': [880], 'mortality': [881, 1952, 3065], 'rate': [882, 1046, 1874, 2122, 2328, 2364], '(less': [883, 1000, 2052], 'than': [884, 1001, 1370, 1461, 1833, 1998, 2053, 2113, 2431, 3123], '5%)': [885], 'percentage': [888], 'complications': [890, 2025], 'ranging': [894], '40%': [896], '50%.11,12': [898], 'associated': [904, 1042, 1317, 1905, 2087, 2117, 2144, 2167], 'high': [907, 1045, 1377, 1873, 1951, 3063], 'exocrine': [910, 937], 'endocrine': [912, 917, 1625, 1719, 2229, 2517, 2613, 2701, 2817, 3017, 3118, 3151, 3186, 3252, 3289, 3427], 'insufficiency.': [913], 'insufficiency': [918, 938, 2832], 'ranges': [919, 939], '10%': [921, 1987, 2138], '24%': [923], 'PD': [926, 946], '8%': [929], '60%': [931, 943], 'LP,': [934], '30%': [941, 1078, 2171], '0%': [949], '40': [951], '%': [952], 'LP.13': [955], 'risk': [957, 1027], 'long-term': [960, 1030, 1131, 2923, 3011], 'impairment': [962, 1032], 'parenchyma-sparing': [968], 'techniques': [969, 1479], 'middle': [977], 'consists': [980, 1495], 'central': [986], 'part': [987], 'gland.': [990], 'procedures': [993, 2184, 2202, 2466], 'only': [996, 1075, 1342, 1366, 1654, 1825, 1941, 2452, 3208], 'cm)': [1003, 1801], 'syndrome14': [1007], 'because': [1008, 1433, 1732, 1742, 2013], 'might': [1011], 'managed': [1013], 'conservatively.': [1014], 'main': [1016], 'advantage': [1017, 1103, 1632], 'association': [1023, 1086, 1129], 'lower': [1026, 2120, 2345], 'endocrine/exocrine': [1031], 'compared': [1034], 'standard': [1036, 1601, 2186], 'resections.15,16': [1037], 'fistulas': [1049], 'mostly': [1053], 'transient': [1054], 'low': [1058, 1410], 'impact.15The': [1060], 'lymphadenectomy': [1063, 1105, 1238, 1909], 'pNEN': [1067, 1107, 1173, 1204, 1301, 1686, 1715], 'unclear.17': [1070], 'Lymph': [1071], 'node': [1072, 1088, 2875], 'metastases': [1073, 1089, 1458, 1494, 1561, 1575, 1829, 2981, 3039, 3125], 'occur': [1074, 2045, 2154], 'affected': [1081, 1756, 1992], 'pNET,17': [1083], 'poorer': [1091], 'survival': [1092, 1195, 1544, 1636, 1681, 2924, 2951, 3012, 3068], 'debated.18': [1095], 'As': [1096, 2030], 'consequence,': [1098], 'firm': [1099], 'conclusions': [1100], 'difficult': [1110], 'made.': [1113], 'Cholecystectomy': [1114], 'anymore': [1119], 'required.': [1125, 2442], 'Indeed,': [1126], 'despite': [1127, 2456], 'analogs': [1135], 'development': [1138], 'biliary': [1140], 'gallstones,': [1143], 'episodes': [1144], 'cholecystitis': [1146, 1159], 'rare.': [1148], 'Moreover,': [1149, 1452, 2313], 'liver': [1150, 1306, 1325, 1356, 1363, 1464, 1493, 1511, 1520, 1556, 1574, 2069, 2959, 2980, 3038, 3110, 3148, 3214], 'embolization': [1151], 'required': [1153], 'very': [1155], 'selective,': [1156], 'making': [1158], 'reflux': [1161], 'microspheres': [1163], 'almost': [1164, 1738, 2248], 'impossible.Locally': [1165], 'pNENA': [1167], 'proportion': [1169], 'at': [1179, 1335, 3171], 'diagnosis.': [1180], 'removal': [1183], 'mass': [1187, 2333], 'could': [1188, 1652, 1696], 'mean': [1189], 'curative': [1191, 1344, 1591], 'improved': [1194, 2519], 'patients.19': [1197], 'Criteria': [1198], 'do': [1205], 'exclude': [1207, 1445], 'nearby': [1212, 1245], 'organ': [1213], '(stomach,': [1215], 'spleen,': [1216], 'colon,': [1217], 'kidney,': [1218], 'adrenal': [1219], 'gland)': [1220], 'vascular': [1225], 'structures.': [1226], 'always': [1232, 1739, 2249, 2468], 'combined': [1236, 1503], 'associated,': [1241], 'if': [1242, 2043, 2189, 2252], 'necessary,': [1243], 'organs': [1246], 'resection.': [1247, 1692], 'NF-pNENs': [1251], 'assessed': [1254], 'preoperatively': [1255, 1420, 2335], 'excluding': [1256], 'case': [1262, 1735, 1859, 2426], '(1)': [1264, 1400], 'circumferential': [1265, 1273], 'portal': [1269, 1581], 'vein': [1270], '2)': [1272], 'superior': [1277], 'mesenteric': [1278], 'artery.': [1279], 'celiac': [1283], 'trunk': [1284], 'absolute': [1289], 'limitation': [1290], 'DP.10Metastatic': [1292], 'pNENAt': [1293], 'diagnosis,': [1294, 3259], '25%': [1295], '93%': [1297], 'had': [1302], 'synchronous': [1303, 1760], 'metastases20': [1307], '2).': [1309], 'radical': [1311, 1362, 1466, 1486, 1555, 2445], 'tumor,': [1316], 'complete,': [1319], 'eventually': [1320], 'multistep,': [1321], 'metastases,': [1326, 1521, 1598, 2070], 'choice.21,22': [1331], 'effective': [1334, 1436], 'relieving': [1336], 'can': [1339, 1468, 1480, 1532, 2142, 2254, 2259], 'potential': [1343], 'complete': [1348], '(R0/R1': [1350], 'resection)': [1351], 'achieved.': [1359], 'Nevertheless,': [1360], 'less': [1369], '20%': [1371], 'due': [1374, 1579, 1870, 2019], 'multifocal': [1380, 1492, 1740, 1922], 'bilateral': [1382], 'metastases.': [1383], '23': [1384], 'criteria': [1386], 'met': [1390], 'before': [1391], 'proposing': [1392], 'PNET': [1396], 'follows:': [1399], 'absence': [1402], 'extra-abdominal': [1404], '(2)': [1406], 'index': [1412], '(Ki-67)': [1413], 'fine-needle': [1415], 'aspiration': [1416], 'must': [1418], 'assessed,': [1421], '(3)': [1423], 'existence': [1425], 'receptors': [1428], 'deliver': [1430], 'radiolabeled': [1431], 'therapies': [1432, 1605], 'resulted': [1435], 'cytoreductive': [1438, 1613], 'surgery.24': [1439], 'pNEC': [1443], 'patient': [1447, 2474], 'upfront': [1450], 'surgery.': [1451, 2077], 'bilobar': [1457], '75%': [1462], 'involvement,': [1465], 'rarely': [1470], 'performed.': [1471], 'light,': [1474], 'medical,': [1475], 'ablative': [1476], 'embolizing': [1478], 'provided': [1482], 'allow': [1484], 'resection.25': [1487], 'An': [1488, 3291], 'alternative': [1489], 'option': [1490], 'any': [1497], 'integrated': [1498, 2296], 'partial': [1501], 'hepatectomy': [1502], 'radiofrequency': [1505], 'ablation.': [1506], '26': [1507], 'type': [1509, 1721, 2134], 'depends': [1513], 'site': [1516], 'number': [1518], 's': [1522], 'hepatic': [1524, 2991, 3092], 'reserve': [1525], 'itself.': [1526], 'When': [1527, 1957], 'indicated,': [1530], 'it': [1531, 1935, 2072], 'range': [1533], 'simple': [1535], 'segmental': [1538], 'hepatectomy.': [1542], 'rates': [1545, 1953], '3': [1547, 2099], '5': [1549], 'years': [1550], 'who': [1553, 1687], 'undergo': [1554], '95%': [1563], '79%,': [1565], 'respectively.27Figure': [1566], 'Computed': [1568], 'multiple': [1571], 'hypervascularized': [1572], 'splenomegaly': [1578], 'hypertension.Download': [1582], 'FigureLiver': [1583], 'transplantation': [1584], 'potentially': [1590], 'free': [1595, 1971], 'extrahepatic': [1597], 'which': [1600, 1946], 'medical': [1604, 2460], 'failed.As': [1607], 'regard': [1608], 'resection,': [1612], 'helpful': [1616], 'secretion–related': [1620], 'carcinoma.': [1626], 'pNEN,': [1630], 'terms': [1634], 'clearly': [1643], 'demonstrated.28': [1644], 'justified': [1655], 'prevent': [1657], 'life-threatening': [1658], 'obstructive': [1660], 'complications,': [1661, 2775], 'bleeding': [1663], 'acute': [1665], 'pancreatitis,': [1666], 'jaundice,': [1667], 'gastric': [1669], 'obstruction.28': [1670], 'review29': [1674], 'trend': [1677], 'toward': [1678, 2749], 'better': [1680, 2348], 'underwent': [1688, 1710], 'Nevertheless': [1693], 'results': [1695, 1882, 2191, 3061], 'major': [1699, 2438], 'bias': [1700], 'likelihood': [1704], 'earlier': [1708], 'resection.Surgical': [1712], 'inherited': [1717], 'syndromesMultiple': [1718], 'neoplasia': [1720], 'I': [1722, 2135], '(MEN-I)': [1723], 'syndromeThe': [1724], 'MEN-1–associated': [1728], 'remains': [1730, 2396], 'controversial': [1731], 'distributed': [1746], 'through': [1747], 'parenchyma.10': [1750], 'Up': [1751], '80%': [1753], 'MEN-1': [1758], 'develop': [1759, 1985], 'metachronous': [1762], 'islet': [1763], 'tumors:': [1768, 2518, 2614, 2794, 3043], 'gastrinomas': [1769, 1804, 2286], '(54%),': [1770], '(18%),': [1772], '(80%–100%).30': [1776], 'causing': [1782], 'mass–related': [1784], 'tumor-like': [1789], 'mandatory;': [1792], '(<2': [1800], 'NF-pNET': [1802], 'unclear': [1807], 'most': [1809, 2014, 2181], '31': [1817], 'indications': [1819], 'larger': [1832], '>0.5': [1842], 'cm.32': [1843], 'If': [1844], 'lesion': [1846], 'meets': [1847], 'aforementioned': [1849], 'requirements,': [1850], 'indicated': [1855], 'treatment.': [1856], 'IOUS': [1861], 'assess': [1865], 'correct': [1867], 'multicentric': [1876, 3339], 'lesions.': [1877], 'often': [1881, 1925], 'subtotal': [1885], 'DP': [1886, 2218], 'located': [1892], 'pancreas': [1897, 1967, 3233], 'submucosa.': [1902], 'This': [1903], 'procedure,': [1904], 'appropriate': [1908], 'detecting': [1913], 'gastrinomas,': [1915], 'commonly': [1917, 2182], 'called': [1918], '“Thompson': [1919], 'procedure.”33': [1920], 'demonstrated,': [1926], 'total': [1928], 'generally': [1932, 2005], 'taken': [1938], 'into': [1939], 'consideration': [1940], 'cases': [1944, 2051, 2268], 'familial': [1948], 'history': [1949], 'evidences': [1950], 'disease.30': [1956], 'involve': [1959], 'leaving': [1968], 'parenchyma': [1975], 'preserving': [1976], 'safe': [1979, 2222], 'feasible.34Von': [1981], 'Hippel-Lindau': [1982, 3367], '(VHL)': [1983, 3369], 'diseasepNETs': [1984], '17%': [1989], 'VHL': [1994, 2012, 2089, 2102], '98%': [1999], 'forms.31': [2002], 'uncommon': [2007], 'cause': [2008], 'death': [2010], 'die': [2018], 'renal': [2022], 'cancer': [2023], 'cerebellar': [2028], 'hemangiomas.': [2029], 'MEN-I': [2032], 'syndrome,': [2033], 'presenting': [2039, 3120], 'mass-related': [2040], 'symptoms,': [2041], 'even': [2042], 'minority': [2048], '5%).31': [2054], 'Regarding': [2055], 'pNETs,': [2057], 'constitutes': [2073], 'indication': [2075], '108': [2081, 3363], 'suffering': [2083], 'showed': [2090], '<3': [2093], 'without': [2095], 'mutation': [2096], 'exon': [2098], 'gene': [2103], 'slow': [2107], 'doubling': [2110], 'time': [2111], '(more': [2112], '500': [2114], 'days),': [2115], 'were': [2116, 2124], 'malignancy': [2121, 2381, 2697], 'candidates': [2127], 'observational': [2131], 'approach.': [2132, 2238], '35Neurofibromatosis': [2133], '(NF-1)In': [2136], 'cases,': [2140], 'NF-1.': [2146], 'They': [2147], 'quite': [2149], 'exclusively': [2150], 'somatostatinomas': [2152, 2173], 'periampullary': [2156], 'region.': [2157], 'good': [2163], 'predictor': [2164, 2872], 'NF-1,': [2169], 'malignant.': [2175], 'Due': [2176], 'characteristics,': [2179], 'satisfactory': [2190], 'local': [2194], 'reported.36Open': [2198], 'laparoscopic': [2200, 2217, 2237, 2271, 2276, 2283, 2291, 2314, 3405, 3429], 'approach?Laparoscopic': [2201], 'play': [2203], 'important': [2205], 'It': [2212], 'feasible': [2224], 'tumors.37': [2230], 'Insulinomas': [2231], 'increasingly': [2233], 'being': [2234], '85%': [2241], 'patients,': [2243], 'single': [2246, 2473], 'intrapancreatic,': [2250], 'preoperatively,': [2257], 'cured': [2261], '70%': [2264], '100%': [2266], 'approach.5As': [2272], 'adequate,': [2279], 'appears': [2287], 'limited.The': [2290], 'needs': [2293], 'ultrasonography': [2302, 2315], 'correctly': [2304], 'define': [2305], 'area': [2307], 'transection': [2310], 'during': [2311], 'DP.': [2312], 'provides': [2316], 'information': [2317], 'similar': [2318], 'obtained': [2321], 'open': [2323, 2373], 'IOUS;': [2324], 'however,': [2325], 'success': [2327], 'increases': [2329], 'detected.38': [2336], 'advantages': [2338], 'minimally': [2340], 'invasive': [2341, 3426], 'postoperative': [2346], 'pain,': [2347], 'cosmesis': [2349], 'outcomes,': [2350], 'shorter': [2351], 'length': [2352], 'hospital': [2354], 'stay,': [2355], 'faster': [2357], 'return': [2358], 'normal': [2360], 'fistula': [2367], 'comparable': [2368], 'observed': [2371], 'surgery.37': [2374], 'value': [2376, 3174], 'laparoscopy': [2378], 'lies': [2382], 'mainly': [2383], 'its': [2385], 'capabilities.39In': [2389], 'conclusion,': [2390], 'crucial': [2398], 'point': [2399], 'multimodal': [2402, 2487], 'Once': [2407], 'pNET,': [2415], 'tends': [2417], 'avoided': [2423], 'smaller': [2430], 'size,': [2435], 'Nonetheless,': [2443], 'hope': [2453], 'cure': [2455], 'advances': [2458, 3255], 'Surgical': [2465, 3313], 'adapted': [2470], 'each': [2472], 'extension': [2478], 'sequence': [2484], 'treatment.ARTICLE': [2488], 'REFERENCES:1.': [2489], 'Vagefi': [2490], 'PA,': [2491], 'al.': [2493, 2515, 2558, 2586, 2607, 2632, 2692, 2712, 2742, 2765, 2788, 2809, 2830, 2868, 2894, 2919, 2946, 2977, 3004, 3029, 3059, 3090, 3108, 3141, 3168, 3198, 3249, 3273, 3310, 3335, 3356, 3385, 3403, 3443], '"Evolving': [2494], 'patterns': [2495], 'outcomes': [2500], 'neoplasms"': [2504], '.': [2505, 2533, 2572, 2598, 2622, 2648, 2680, 2703, 2733, 2755, 2778, 2798, 2819, 2839, 2857, 2883, 2909, 2935, 2967, 2993, 3019, 3050, 3079, 3129, 3157, 3188, 3219, 3237, 3263, 3299, 3325, 3345, 3376, 3392, 3433, 3455], 'Arch': [2506, 2756], 'Surg.': [2507, 2682, 2757, 2780, 2842, 2860, 2911, 2938, 2969, 2996, 3021, 3082, 3100, 3302, 3327, 3348, 3416, 3459], '2007;': [2508, 2579, 3242, 3378], '142:347-354.': [2509], 'Google': [2510, 2538, 2553, 2581, 2602, 2627, 2655, 2687, 2707, 2737, 2760, 2783, 2804, 2825, 2845, 2863, 2889, 2914, 2941, 2972, 2999, 3024, 3054, 3085, 3103, 3136, 3163, 3193, 3223, 3244, 3268, 3305, 3330, 3351, 3380, 3398, 3419, 3438, 3462], 'Scholar2.': [2511], 'Scarpa': [2512], 'A,': [2513, 2944, 2975], '"Pancreatic': [2516, 2831], 'hystopathological': [2523], 'permit': [2525], 'efficient': [2528], 'prognostic': [2529], 'stratification': [2530], 'patients"': [2532, 3236], 'Modern': [2534], 'Pathology.': [2535], '2010;': [2536, 2600, 2802, 2823, 2970, 3460], '23:824-833.': [2537], 'Scholar3.': [2539], 'Bosman.': [2540], 'Digestive': [2547], 'System.': [2548], 'Lyon:': [2549], 'IARC': [2550], 'Press;': [2551], '2010.': [2552], 'Scholar4.': [2554], 'Buchmann': [2555], 'L,': [2556, 2917, 3401], '"Comparison': [2559], '68Ga-DOTATOC': [2561], 'PET': [2562], '111In-DTPAOC': [2564], '(Octreoscan)': [2565], 'SPECT': [2566], 'tumors"': [2571, 2732, 2818, 2838, 3018, 3187], 'Eur': [2573, 3130], 'J': [2574, 2649, 2799, 2841, 2859, 2937, 2995, 3080, 3131, 3238, 3301, 3347, 3393, 3415, 3456], 'Nucl': [2575], 'Med': [2576], 'Mol': [2577], 'Imaging.': [2578], '34:1617-1626.': [2580], 'Scholar5.': [2582], 'Kulke': [2583], 'MH,': [2584], '"NANETS': [2587], 'guidelines.': [2589], 'Well-differentiated': [2590], 'stomach': [2595], 'pancreas"': [2597, 2934, 3078, 3344], 'Pancreas.': [2599], '39:735-752.': [2601], 'Scholar6.': [2603], 'Rindi': [2604, 2629], 'G,': [2605, 2630, 3196], '"TNM': [2608, 2633], 'foregut': [2611], '(neuro)': [2612], 'consensus': [2616, 2714], 'system"': [2621], 'Virchows': [2623], 'Arch.': [2624], '2006;': [2625, 3022, 3083, 3303, 3328], '449(4):395-401.': [2626], 'Scholar7.': [2628], 'Staging': [2634, 2673], 'Neoplasms': [2636], 'Endocrine': [2639, 3323], 'Pancreas:': [2640], 'Results': [2641], 'From': [2642], 'Large': [2644], 'Cohort': [2646], 'Study"': [2647], 'Natl': [2650], 'Cancer': [2651], 'Inst.': [2652], '2012;': [2653, 2735], '104:1-14.': [2654], 'Scholar8.': [2656], 'Ellison': [2657], 'TA.': [2658], '"A': [2659], 'Single': [2660], 'Institution’s': [2661], '26-Year': [2662], 'Experience': [2663], 'With': [2664, 3321], 'Nonfunctional': [2665], 'Pancreatic': [2666, 2902, 3322], 'Tumors:': [2668], 'Validation': [2670], 'Current': [2672], 'Systems': [2674], 'New': [2677], 'Prognostic': [2678], 'Nomogram"': [2679], 'Ann': [2681, 2779, 2820, 2910, 2968, 3020, 3099, 3189, 3326], '2013.': [2683], 'Ahead': [2684], 'print.': [2686, 2888], 'Scholar9.': [2688], 'R,': [2690, 3166], '"Tumor': [2693], 'correlates': [2695], 'non-functioning': [2699, 2731, 3184], 'tumor"': [2702], 'Surgery.': [2704, 3377], '2011;': [2705, 3221], '150:75-82.': [2706], 'Scholar10.': [2708], 'M,': [2710, 2807, 2828, 3057, 3383, 3422], '"ENETS': [2713], 'system:': [2728], 'well-differentiated': [2729], 'Neuroendocrinology.': [2734, 3051, 3220], '95:120-134.': [2736], 'Scholar11.': [2738], 'Buchler': [2739], 'MW,': [2740], '"Changes': [2743], 'morbidity': [2745], 'resection:': [2748], 'end': [2751], 'completion': [2753], 'pancreatectomy"': [2754], '2003;': [2758], '138:1310-4.': [2759], 'Scholar12.': [2761], 'Yeo': [2762], 'CJ,': [2763], '"Six': [2766], 'hundred': [2767], 'fifty': [2768], 'consecutive': [2769, 2927], 'pancreaticoduodenectomies': [2770], '1990s:': [2773], 'pathology,': [2774], 'outcomes"': [2777], '1997;': [2781], '226(3):248-57.': [2782], 'Scholar13.': [2784], 'Smith': [2785], 'JK,': [2786], '"Complications': [2789], 'national': [2796], 'study"': [2797], 'Surg': [2800, 2821, 3132], 'Res.': [2801], '163:63-68.': [2803], 'Scholar14.': [2805], '"Parenchyma-preserving': [2810], 'non': [2814], 'Oncol.': [2822, 3133, 3190], '17(6):1621-7.': [2824], 'Scholar15.': [2826], 'benign': [2837], 'Br': [2840, 2936, 2994], '2008;': [2843, 2912, 2939, 3052, 3191, 3265, 3417], '95(1):85-91.': [2844], 'Scholar16.': [2846], 'Aranha': [2847], 'GV,': [2848], 'Shoup': [2849], 'M.': [2850], '"Nonstandard': [2851], 'unusual': [2855], 'lesions"': [2856], 'Am': [2858, 3346, 3457], '2005;': [2861, 3101, 3396], '189(2):223-8.': [2862], 'Scholar17.': [2864], 'S,': [2866, 3139, 3333], '"pattern': [2869], 'lymph': [2874], 'involvement': [2876], '(NF-PanNETs)"': [2882], 'JAMA': [2884], 'Surg2013Epub': [2885], 'ahead': [2886], 'Scholar18.': [2890], 'Bilimoria': [2891], 'KY,': [2892], '"Prognostic': [2895, 3169], 'Score': [2896], 'Predicting': [2897], 'Survival': [2898, 3318], 'After': [2899], 'Resection': [2900], 'Tumors.': [2904], 'Analysis': [2905], '3851': [2907], 'Patients"': [2908], '247:490-500.': [2913], 'Scholar19.': [2915], 'Fischer': [2916], '"Clinical': [2920, 3142], 'outcome': [2921], '118': [2926], '95(5):627-35.': [2940], 'Scholar20.': [2942], 'Saxena': [2943], '"Factors': [2947], 'predicting': [2948], 'response': [2949], 'yttrium-90': [2953], 'radioembolization': [2954], 'unresectable': [2956, 3212], 'metastases:': [2960, 3093, 3152], 'critical': [2962], 'appraisal': [2963], '48': [2965], 'cases"': [2966], '251(5):910-916.': [2971], 'Scholar21.': [2973], 'Frilling': [2974], '"Treatment': [2978], 'relation': [2986], 'disease"': [2992], '2009;': [2997, 3134, 3161, 3349], '96(2):175-184.': [2998], 'Scholar22.': [3000], 'Fendrich': [3001, 3307], 'V,': [3002, 3308], '"An': [3005, 3311], 'leads': [3009], '244(6):845-51.': [3023], 'Scholar23.': 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