Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2403749440', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000079', 'title': 'Comparing the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients across distributions and sample sizes: A tutorial using simulations and empirical data.', 'display_name': 'Comparing the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients across distributions and sample sizes: A tutorial using simulations and empirical data.', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-05-24', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2403749440', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000079', 'mag': '2403749440', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27213982'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000079', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S45419345', 'display_name': 'Psychological Methods', 'issn_l': '1082-989X', 'issn': ['1082-989X', '1939-1463'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15979', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037003206', 'display_name': 'Joost de Winter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-8200'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Joost C. F. de Winter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts', 'Delft University of Technology', 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering,', 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands.', 'Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, and School of Psychological Sciences,', 'Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft Uni-versity of Technology;', 'University of Melbourne; Jeff Potter, Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.', 'University of Texas at Austin and University of Melbourne'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Texas at Austin and University of Melbourne', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering,', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft Uni-versity of Technology;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, and School of Psychological Sciences,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Melbourne; Jeff Potter, Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Delft University of Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077287995', 'display_name': 'Samuel D. Gosling', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8970-591X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Samuel D. Gosling', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts', 'Delft University of Technology', 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering,', 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands.', 'Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, and School of Psychological Sciences,', 'Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft Uni-versity of Technology;', 'University of Melbourne; Jeff Potter, Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.', 'University of Texas at Austin and University of Melbourne'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Texas at Austin and University of Melbourne', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering,', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft Uni-versity of Technology;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, and School of Psychological Sciences,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Melbourne; Jeff Potter, Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Delft University of Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011633762', 'display_name': 'Jeff Potter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-5625'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeff Potter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts', 'Delft University of Technology', 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering,', 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands.', 'Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, and School of Psychological Sciences,', 'Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft Uni-versity of Technology;', 'University of Melbourne; Jeff Potter, Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.', 'University of Texas at Austin and University of Melbourne'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Texas at Austin and University of Melbourne', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering,', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft Uni-versity of Technology;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, and School of Psychological Sciences,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Melbourne; Jeff Potter, Atof Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Delft University of Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5037003206'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'https://openalex.org/I98358874'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 21.788, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 715, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.904341, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '273', 'last_page': '290'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11577', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Abilities and Testing', 'score': 0.9859, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3205', 'display_name': 'Experimental and Cognitive Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11577', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Abilities and Testing', 'score': 0.9859, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3205', 'display_name': 'Experimental and Cognitive Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10467', 'display_name': 'Psychometric Methodologies and Testing', 'score': 0.9735, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11235', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials', 'score': 0.9529, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sample', 'display_name': 'Sample (material)', 'score': 0.4370847}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55078378', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628', 'display_name': 'Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7105942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159744936', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126730', 'display_name': "Spearman's rank correlation coefficient", 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6995075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.62035906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117220453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842', 'display_name': 'Correlation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60639787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129848803', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360', 'display_name': 'Sample size determination', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53179}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198531522', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146', 'display_name': 'Sample (material)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4370847}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41536242}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36538613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.106161386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09574133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003198', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Simulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018401', 'descriptor_name': 'Sample Size', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018709', 'descriptor_name': 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011594', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychometrics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012494', 'descriptor_name': 'Sampling Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011795', 'descriptor_name': 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000079', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S45419345', 'display_name': 'Psychological Methods', 'issn_l': '1082-989X', 'issn': ['1082-989X', '1939-1463'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15979', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15979', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:03d893b5-96d1-4eea-958b-fc73318be46c', 'pdf_url': 'https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A03d893b5-96d1-4eea-958b-fc73318be46c/datastream/OBJ/download', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400906', 'display_name': 'Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'host_organization_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Delft University of Technology'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27213982', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15979', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15979', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 137, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1485729750', 'https://openalex.org/W1548332406', 'https://openalex.org/W1576716602', 'https://openalex.org/W1656658167', 'https://openalex.org/W1783584949', 'https://openalex.org/W1964405087', 'https://openalex.org/W1967228187', 'https://openalex.org/W1970325005', 'https://openalex.org/W1974560689', 'https://openalex.org/W1978517482', 'https://openalex.org/W1978834607', 'https://openalex.org/W1981517113', 'https://openalex.org/W1982473263', 'https://openalex.org/W1983439863', 'https://openalex.org/W1984166575', 'https://openalex.org/W1987833288', 'https://openalex.org/W1988694953', 'https://openalex.org/W1988790616', 'https://openalex.org/W1989243075', 'https://openalex.org/W1989662964', 'https://openalex.org/W1990750581', 'https://openalex.org/W1992354224', 'https://openalex.org/W1992490637', 'https://openalex.org/W1993509040', 'https://openalex.org/W1996771719', 'https://openalex.org/W1997228212', 'https://openalex.org/W1998521329', 'https://openalex.org/W2002578020', 'https://openalex.org/W2003155177', 'https://openalex.org/W2004546853', 'https://openalex.org/W2004955987', 'https://openalex.org/W2004968765', 'https://openalex.org/W2005648040', 'https://openalex.org/W2005825070', 'https://openalex.org/W2007507918', 'https://openalex.org/W2009642094', 'https://openalex.org/W2010858612', 'https://openalex.org/W2020909146', 'https://openalex.org/W2024312127', 'https://openalex.org/W2027473728', 'https://openalex.org/W2030326671', 'https://openalex.org/W2032033817', 'https://openalex.org/W2033582154', 'https://openalex.org/W2042507563', 'https://openalex.org/W2043523971', 'https://openalex.org/W2047910012', 'https://openalex.org/W2048957655', 'https://openalex.org/W2052388428', 'https://openalex.org/W2057720927', 'https://openalex.org/W2061913119', 'https://openalex.org/W2064590368', 'https://openalex.org/W2065230098', 'https://openalex.org/W2067952122', 'https://openalex.org/W2071310631', 'https://openalex.org/W2072207160', 'https://openalex.org/W2072564709', 'https://openalex.org/W2075902832', 'https://openalex.org/W2078483536', 'https://openalex.org/W2081910510', 'https://openalex.org/W2083192295', 'https://openalex.org/W2084077813', 'https://openalex.org/W2085932340', 'https://openalex.org/W2086761472', 'https://openalex.org/W2087160026', 'https://openalex.org/W2090299879', 'https://openalex.org/W2096533706', 'https://openalex.org/W2096962026', 'https://openalex.org/W2097662751', 'https://openalex.org/W2106101128', 'https://openalex.org/W2111495793', 'https://openalex.org/W2111669400', 'https://openalex.org/W2118629915', 'https://openalex.org/W2122686681', 'https://openalex.org/W2124379907', 'https://openalex.org/W2126053474', 'https://openalex.org/W2129249398', 'https://openalex.org/W2135440997', 'https://openalex.org/W2137362862', 'https://openalex.org/W2140658542', 'https://openalex.org/W2141911423', 'https://openalex.org/W2145221218', 'https://openalex.org/W2149023664', 'https://openalex.org/W2149836749', 'https://openalex.org/W2159401492', 'https://openalex.org/W2159666573', 'https://openalex.org/W2159751877', 'https://openalex.org/W2159863056', 'https://openalex.org/W2162503628', 'https://openalex.org/W2163167269', 'https://openalex.org/W2163998574', 'https://openalex.org/W2164175562', 'https://openalex.org/W2166384797', 'https://openalex.org/W2170085323', 'https://openalex.org/W2325343629', 'https://openalex.org/W2463686631', 'https://openalex.org/W2783254024', 'https://openalex.org/W2796218018', 'https://openalex.org/W2905060314', 'https://openalex.org/W2949176902', 'https://openalex.org/W3023781830', 'https://openalex.org/W3147420500', 'https://openalex.org/W404240460', 'https://openalex.org/W42172217', 'https://openalex.org/W42202159', 'https://openalex.org/W4230681702', 'https://openalex.org/W4231714144', 'https://openalex.org/W4232394032', 'https://openalex.org/W4233371700', 'https://openalex.org/W4234552994', 'https://openalex.org/W4237345428', 'https://openalex.org/W4238291432', 'https://openalex.org/W4238333748', 'https://openalex.org/W4238823679', 'https://openalex.org/W4241499682', 'https://openalex.org/W4241836113', 'https://openalex.org/W4242114787', 'https://openalex.org/W4243702230', 'https://openalex.org/W4246026492', 'https://openalex.org/W4247236552', 'https://openalex.org/W4249645064', 'https://openalex.org/W4250857222', 'https://openalex.org/W4250908292', 'https://openalex.org/W4254745434', 'https://openalex.org/W4256633373', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4298058714', 'https://openalex.org/W4298859464', 'https://openalex.org/W4299359176', 'https://openalex.org/W4299959846', 'https://openalex.org/W4301891957', 'https://openalex.org/W4382450684', 'https://openalex.org/W4394648318', 'https://openalex.org/W4401991281', 'https://openalex.org/W598446295', 'https://openalex.org/W632807454', 'https://openalex.org/W64868260', 'https://openalex.org/W654805603'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4388813866', 'https://openalex.org/W4200439127', 'https://openalex.org/W3013810674', 'https://openalex.org/W2999104021', 'https://openalex.org/W2850804095', 'https://openalex.org/W2749680699', 'https://openalex.org/W2562018983', 'https://openalex.org/W2560331580', 'https://openalex.org/W1911095394', 'https://openalex.org/W1481656249'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 168], 'Pearson': [1, 161], 'product-moment': [2], 'correlation': [3, 10, 76, 162], 'coefficient': [4, 11, 163], '(rp)': [5], 'and': [6, 22, 35, 62, 109, 118, 153, 170, 216], 'the': [7, 32, 75, 81, 119, 126, 135, 139, 159, 171, 197, 211, 243], 'Spearman': [8], 'rank': [9], '(rs)': [12], 'are': [13, 238], 'widely': [14], 'used': [15], 'in': [16, 134, 145, 177, 206, 245], 'psychological': [17, 246], 'research.': [18, 247], 'We': [19], 'compare': [20], 'rp': [21, 61, 86, 128, 166, 220], 'rs': [23, 63, 69, 133, 147, 190, 215, 227], 'on': [24], '3': [25], 'criteria:': [26], 'variability,': [27], 'bias': [28], 'with': [29, 106, 116, 121, 125, 142], 'respect': [30], 'to': [31, 37, 47, 158], 'population': [33, 160], 'value,': [34], 'robustness': [36], 'an': [38], 'outlier.': [39], 'Using': [40], 'simulations': [41, 169], 'across': [42], 'low': [43], '(N': [44, 49], '=': [45, 50], '5)': [46], 'high': [48, 84], '1,000)': [51], 'sample': [52, 198], 'sizes': [53], 'we': [54, 93], 'show': [55], 'that,': [56], 'for': [57, 223], 'normally': [58], 'distributed': [59, 104], 'variables,': [60], 'have': [64, 83], 'similar': [65], 'expected': [66], 'values': [67], 'but': [68], 'is': [70, 77, 87, 221, 228, 241], 'more': [71, 88, 156], 'variable,': [72], 'especially': [73], 'when': [74, 80, 230, 236], 'strong.': [78], 'However,': [79], 'variables': [82, 144, 231], 'kurtosis,': [85], 'variable': [89], 'than': [90, 132, 151, 165], 'rs.': [91], 'Next,': [92], 'conducted': [94], 'a': [95, 99, 201, 207], 'sampling': [96, 172], 'study': [97], 'of': [98, 110, 179, 192, 203, 210, 214], 'psychometric': [100, 136], 'dataset': [101], 'featuring': [102], 'symmetrically': [103], 'data': [105], 'light': [107], 'tails,': [108], '2': [111, 204], 'Likert-type': [112], 'survey': [113, 140], 'datasets,': [114], '1': [115], 'light-tailed': [117, 224], 'other': [120], 'heavy-tailed': [122, 143, 233], 'distributions.': [123], 'Consistent': [124], 'simulations,': [127], 'had': [129, 148], 'lower': [130, 149], 'variability': [131, 150, 176], 'dataset.': [137], 'In': [138, 194, 218], 'datasets': [141], 'particular,': [146], 'rp,': [152], 'often': [154, 242], 'corresponded': [155], 'accurately': [157], '(Rp)': [164], 'did.': [167], 'studies': [173], 'showed': [174], 'that': [175], 'terms': [178], 'standard': [180, 212], 'deviations': [181, 213], 'can': [182], 'be': [183], 'reduced': [184], 'by': [185, 188, 200], 'about': [186], '20%': [187], 'choosing': [189], 'instead': [191], 'rp.': [193, 217], 'comparison,': [195], 'increasing': [196], 'size': [199], 'factor': [202], 'results': [205], '41%': [208], 'reduction': [209], 'conclusion,': [219], 'suitable': [222], 'distributions,': [225], 'whereas': [226], 'preferable': [229], 'feature': [232], 'distributions': [234], 'or': [235], 'outliers': [237], 'present,': [239], 'as': [240], 'case': [244]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2403749440', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 171}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 155}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 109}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 119}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 75}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 13}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T20:30:44.434263', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}