Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2402197438', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Nicotine chewing gum and nicotine patch.', 'display_name': 'Nicotine chewing gum and nicotine patch.', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2402197438', 'mag': '2402197438', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7778323'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7778323', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030055746', 'display_name': 'Karl Fagerström', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210104173', 'display_name': 'Glactone Pharma (Sweden)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01azp7v94', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104173']}], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K O Fagerström', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Pharmacia Forschungsabteilung, Helsingborg, Sweden.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Pharmacia Forschungsabteilung, Helsingborg, Sweden.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104173']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074256236', 'display_name': 'Philip Tønnesen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-5115'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P Tönnesen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2590, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 3090, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 54}, 'biblio': {'volume': '145', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '77', 'last_page': '82'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11452', 'display_name': 'Oral Mucosal Disorders and Malignant Transformation Risk', 'score': 0.8305, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3506', 'display_name': 'Periodontics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/35', 'display_name': 'Dentistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11452', 'display_name': 'Oral Mucosal Disorders and Malignant Transformation Risk', 'score': 0.8305, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3506', 'display_name': 'Periodontics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/35', 'display_name': 'Dentistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13768', 'display_name': 'Risk Factors for Gingival Overgrowth in Medication Use', 'score': 0.8025, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3611', 'display_name': 'Pharmacy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11730', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pemphigoid Diseases', 'score': 0.7479, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2734', 'display_name': 'Pathology and Forensic Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-gum', 'display_name': 'Nicotine gum', 'score': 0.9295846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chewing-gum', 'display_name': 'Chewing gum', 'score': 0.81327087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-patch', 'display_name': 'Nicotine patch', 'score': 0.73627746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/potentially-malignant-disorders', 'display_name': 'Potentially Malignant Disorders', 'score': 0.450675}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778887763', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4348342', 'display_name': 'Nicotine gum', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9295846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8977945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779547902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552', 'display_name': 'Nicotine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8208529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992086647', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130878', 'display_name': 'Chewing gum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.81327087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776087441', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2431064', 'display_name': 'Nicotine patch', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.73627746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777288759', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182', 'display_name': 'Dosing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52177984}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777843972', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253', 'display_name': 'Smoking cessation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5176109}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199343813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128', 'display_name': 'Dentistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35256767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26948482}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16829047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14319155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31903555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030', 'display_name': 'Food science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08377537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27081682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829', 'display_name': 'Placebo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009538', 'descriptor_name': 'Nicotine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012907', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016540', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking Cessation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013375', 'descriptor_name': 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000279', 'descriptor_name': 'Administration, Cutaneous', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002638', 'descriptor_name': 'Chewing Gum', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002986', 'descriptor_name': 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004305', 'descriptor_name': 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008134', 'descriptor_name': 'Long-Term Care', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009538', 'descriptor_name': 'Nicotine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009538', 'descriptor_name': 'Nicotine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009538', 'descriptor_name': 'Nicotine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000493', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacokinetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012907', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016540', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking Cessation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013375', 'descriptor_name': 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7778323', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'display_name': 'Zero hunger', 'score': 0.77}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3105168235', 'https://openalex.org/W3039879877', 'https://openalex.org/W2799896543', 'https://openalex.org/W2465457148', 'https://openalex.org/W2402197438', 'https://openalex.org/W2073271521', 'https://openalex.org/W2072577362', 'https://openalex.org/W2062192245', 'https://openalex.org/W1979881540', 'https://openalex.org/W187285789'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2402197438', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T15:46:59.748230', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}