Title: From the State-owned Enterprises to Industrial Cluster:the Evolution Analysis on Cluster Innovation of Old Industrial Region in China
Abstract: Developing industrial cluster is helpful for old industrial bases to push the innovation of enterprise institution,industrial organization and product technology and shape the industrial organization of networking,specialization and conglomeration,hence improve the transformation and renewing of oldindustrial bases.The paper analyzes the paths and types of transformation from SOEs in old industrial bases to industrial cluster on the base of the conception of cluster innovation in old industrial bases and from the perspective of economic evolution.The typical cases of Bicycle Cluster in Tainjin and Wafangdian cluster which test the hypotheses of the paths of cluster innovation empirically and suppose the experiences for old industrial bases. After the reformation and opening up in China,many State-owned Enterprises(SOEs) met the serious difficulties of operation,even got bankrupted,meanwhile some industries declined.Nevertheless abundant Small and Medium Size Enterpirises(SMEs) that are specialized developed rapidly in the old industrial regions and formed many industrial cluster with larger turnout and better performance.Many local industries,for example the bearing industry in Wa Fangdian City,the bicycle industry in Tian Jin and so on,have followed the path from SOEs to Industrial cluster.The paper analyze how the industrial cluster in Chinese transition economy formed and what is the innovation and evolution path of the industrial cluster. Industrial cluster under the transition economy is a new topic for the research of industrial cluster.This issue concerns the element of institution from external environment which is the key point of New Institutional Economics.As the formal Institutions,political and economic institutions play a great role in the formation of industrial cluster in China and other transitional countries.It means that the process of formation and innovation of industrial cluster under transitional economy is more complex than other situation.Since the industrial cluster in old industrialregions under Chinese transition economy is one particular model of industrial cluster,the formation of this industrial cluster are not only the process of interaction of inter-organizations,but also the process of interaction between institution,organization and technology,which is the drive of evolution from the large SOEs to industrial cluster.Wa Fangdian,Tain Jin and other old industrial regions has made institution innovation which is featured by privatization,organizational innovation which is featured by networking,specialization and conglomeration,technology innovation which is featured by upgrading of technology,therefore the industrial cluster which have the competence edge are formed and the regions have achieved the transformation. The reformation of market economic system initiated the start point of formation of industrial cluster in old industrial regions.With the development of private sector and cluster of SMEs,industrial cluster evolved continuously.The large SOEs as well as old industrial regions experience five phrases to form the industrial cluster: spin-off of technology and employees of SOEs,development of private enterprises,development of cluster of SMEs,the depression or prosperity of SOEs,finally formation of industrial cluster.There are two types of industrial cluster under transition economy,one is SOEs dominance which exists generally in heavy industry,and another is private enterprises dominance which exists generally in light industry. Although the formation of industrial cluster of Wa Fangdian bearing industry and Tain Jin bicycle industry haven't finished the transition,their drive of evolution,path of formation and features of structure can provide the experiences to other old industrial regions and other transitional countries.Transitional countries or regions and the SOEs or large private enterprises need to pay more attention to spin-off of technology and employees of SOEs and the outsourcing relationship between SOEs and SMEs in order to construct the innovative and competitive industrial cluster.
Publication Year: 2012
Publication Date: 2012-01-01
Language: en
Type: article
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