Title: Applied anatomy of nerves innervating female urethra sphincter
Abstract: Objective:To provide anatomical data for preserving continence nerves during radical cystectomy. Methods: Cadaveric dissections of 14 female specimens were undertaken to investigate nerves innervating urethra sphincter. Results:Continence nerves of female urethra contained branches of inferior hypogastric plexus, intrapelvic and extrapelvic branches of pudendal nerve. The pelvic nerve of inferior hypogastric plexus originated from the most caudal root of the pelvic splanchnic nerve, running along the surface of the levator ani and passing laterally around the vagina and rectum to enter the sphincter musculature at the 5-o'clock and 7-o'clock positions. 71.4% of specimens were found intrapelvic branches which were given by pudendal nerve. Before leaving the pudendal canal, pudendal nerve gave an intrapelvic branch that passed the levator ani and accompanied with pelvic nerve to innervate the sphincter when it approached the sphincter. The distance between these intrapelvic branches and the level of the bladder neck was about (12.6±1.6)mm. Besides, the branches originating from the dorsal nerve of the clitoris innervated urethra membrane in 42.9% of specimens, and these branches located about (21.6±1.9)mm from the level of the bladder neck. Conclusions:Continence nerves of female urethra contained the branches of pelvic nerve, intrapelvic and extrapelvic branches of pudendal nerve. Operations around the urethra under the level of the bladder neck are most likely to injure the continence nerve.
Publication Year: 2007
Publication Date: 2007-01-01
Language: en
Type: article
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