Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2356663325', 'doi': None, 'title': 'The expansion of limited liability', 'display_name': 'The expansion of limited liability', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2356663325', 'mag': '2356663325'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-BJYS200803018.htm', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764650206', 'display_name': 'Beijing Youdian Xueyuan xuebao', 'issn_l': '1000-5145', 'issn': ['1000-5145'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311934', 'host_organization_name': 'Peking University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311934'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Peking University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031246359', 'display_name': 'Lei Duan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-4618'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I290007724', 'display_name': 'Qinghai University for Nationalities', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e7csr82', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I290007724']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Duan Lei', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Law,Qinghai University For Nationalities,Xining 810007,China)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Law,Qinghai University For Nationalities,Xining 810007,China)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I290007724']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5031246359'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I290007724'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 63}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13904', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence Applications', 'score': 0.2862, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13904', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence Applications', 'score': 0.2862, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/limited-liability-partnership', 'display_name': 'Limited liability partnership', 'score': 0.9290309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/limited-liability', 'display_name': 'Limited liability', 'score': 0.6867019}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23678191', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588658', 'display_name': 'Limited liability partnership', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9290309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777834853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939', 'display_name': 'Liability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8450434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71750763', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164', 'display_name': 'General partnership', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7896159}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59149807', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705497', 'display_name': 'Strict liability', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.71519816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141570072', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568338', 'display_name': 'Limited liability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6867019}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5754799}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120757647', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381136', 'display_name': 'Shareholder', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51325345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199286143', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404417', 'display_name': 'Legal liability', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48150524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190253527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354', 'display_name': 'Law and economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45645165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3372871}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23392382}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18735659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.162271}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39389867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767', 'display_name': 'Corporate governance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.109039605}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-BJYS200803018.htm', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764650206', 'display_name': 'Beijing Youdian Xueyuan xuebao', 'issn_l': '1000-5145', 'issn': ['1000-5145'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311934', 'host_organization_name': 'Peking University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311934'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Peking University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.59, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17', 'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W54734282', 'https://openalex.org/W3200765042', 'https://openalex.org/W3157542038', 'https://openalex.org/W3124542137', 'https://openalex.org/W2977862536', 'https://openalex.org/W2394129185', 'https://openalex.org/W2381324839', 'https://openalex.org/W2380716883', 'https://openalex.org/W2378480483', 'https://openalex.org/W2377875736', 'https://openalex.org/W2371190486', 'https://openalex.org/W2361950401', 'https://openalex.org/W2356293028', 'https://openalex.org/W2354852175', 'https://openalex.org/W2353919131', 'https://openalex.org/W2353164949', 'https://openalex.org/W2306402287', 'https://openalex.org/W2180342549', 'https://openalex.org/W1480760002', 'https://openalex.org/W127388022'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'traditional': [1, 30], 'legal': [2], 'science': [3], 'always': [4], 'maintains': [5], 'that': [6], 'the': [58], 'main': [8, 71], 'difference': [9], 'between': [10], 'juridical': [11, 52], 'person': [12], 'and': [13, 26, 48, 86], 'partnership': [14], 'consists': [15], 'in': [16, 19], 'responsibility': [17], 'form.But': [18], 'recent': [20], 'years,limited': [21], 'liability': [22, 39, 45, 50, 55, 83], 'has': [23], 'been': [24], 'expanding': [25], 'entering': [27], 'into': [28], 'area': [31], 'of': [32, 37, 43, 46, 51, 61, 73, 81], 'unlimited': [33, 49], 'liability-partnership.Because': [34], 'concept': [36], 'limited': [38, 54, 74, 78, 82], 'is': [40, 84], 'combination': [42], 'no': [44], 'shareholders': [47], 'person,and': [53], 'are': [56], 'called': [57], 'greatest': [59], 'invention': [60], 'modern': [63], 'society': [64], 'for': [65], 'its': [66], 'significant': [67], 'functions.Meanwhile,partnership': [68], 'as': [69], 'direction': [72], "liability's": [75], 'expansion': [76, 80], 'needs': [77], 'liability.Obviously,the': [79], 'correct': [85], 'inevitable.': [87]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2356663325', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-07T22:04:41.762568', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}