Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2341031032', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142727.mb3004s114', 'title': 'Metabolomics by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: Combined Targeted and Untargeted Profiling', 'display_name': 'Metabolomics by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: Combined Targeted and Untargeted Profiling', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2341031032', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142727.mb3004s114', 'mag': '2341031032', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27038389', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4829120'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142727.mb3004s114', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2755386604', 'display_name': 'Current Protocols in Molecular Biology', 'issn_l': '1934-3647', 'issn': ['1934-3647', '1934-3639'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4829120?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087349635', 'display_name': 'Oliver Fiehn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-8928'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'display_name': 'University of California, Davis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rrcem69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185163786', 'display_name': 'King Abdulaziz University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02ma4wv74', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185163786']}], 'countries': ['SA', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Oliver Fiehn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia', 'West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, California', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185163786']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5087349635'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'https://openalex.org/I185163786'], 'apc_list': {'value': 5050, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5050, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.47, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 663, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999984, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '114', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10836', 'display_name': 'Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10836', 'display_name': 'Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10908', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11667', 'display_name': 'Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies', 'score': 0.9959, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolome', 'display_name': 'Metabolome', 'score': 0.446379}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21565614', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12149006', 'display_name': 'Metabolomics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7982155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.79719007}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162356407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180809', 'display_name': 'Mass spectrometry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.78513616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7439338}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776923573', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294884', 'display_name': 'Derivatization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6643345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205345274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873009', 'display_name': 'Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.66286683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123460561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677065', 'display_name': 'Gas chromatography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60418886}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135870905', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903667', 'display_name': 'Metabolome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.446379}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008401', 'descriptor_name': 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055432', 'descriptor_name': 'Metabolomics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019295', 'descriptor_name': 'Computational Biology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019295', 'descriptor_name': 'Computational Biology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008401', 'descriptor_name': 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008401', 'descriptor_name': 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055442', 'descriptor_name': 'Metabolome', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055432', 'descriptor_name': 'Metabolomics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055432', 'descriptor_name': 'Metabolomics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011786', 'descriptor_name': 'Quality Control', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012015', 'descriptor_name': 'Reference Standards', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012016', 'descriptor_name': 'Reference Values', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142727.mb3004s114', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2755386604', 'display_name': 'Current Protocols in Molecular Biology', 'issn_l': '1934-3647', 'issn': ['1934-3647', '1934-3639'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4829120', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4829120?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829120', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vj7g3xb', 'pdf_url': 'https://escholarship.org/content/qt8vj7g3xb/qt8vj7g3xb.pdf?t=ru1t6u', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400115', 'display_name': 'eScholarship (California Digital Library)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2801248553', 'host_organization_name': 'California Digital Library', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801248553'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['California Digital Library'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27038389', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4829120', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4829120?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 55, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1508604947', 'https://openalex.org/W1538574688', 'https://openalex.org/W1549912426', 'https://openalex.org/W1597941165', 'https://openalex.org/W1601495365', 'https://openalex.org/W1850084715', 'https://openalex.org/W1964010911', 'https://openalex.org/W1969714116', 'https://openalex.org/W1975579196', 'https://openalex.org/W1978781045', 'https://openalex.org/W1980059256', 'https://openalex.org/W1990420218', 'https://openalex.org/W2001890183', 'https://openalex.org/W2003014327', 'https://openalex.org/W2004496597', 'https://openalex.org/W2019402080', 'https://openalex.org/W2023202078', 'https://openalex.org/W2025372845', 'https://openalex.org/W2026713007', 'https://openalex.org/W2028151674', 'https://openalex.org/W2028705141', 'https://openalex.org/W2030586375', 'https://openalex.org/W2033621931', 'https://openalex.org/W2033720095', 'https://openalex.org/W2035954443', 'https://openalex.org/W2036367202', 'https://openalex.org/W2054844242', 'https://openalex.org/W2055294876', 'https://openalex.org/W2055353971', 'https://openalex.org/W2055425726', 'https://openalex.org/W2057226669', 'https://openalex.org/W2057729129', 'https://openalex.org/W2059327215', 'https://openalex.org/W2060891610', 'https://openalex.org/W2064076022', 'https://openalex.org/W2064381147', 'https://openalex.org/W2073239667', 'https://openalex.org/W2085666185', 'https://openalex.org/W2094758724', 'https://openalex.org/W2110439692', 'https://openalex.org/W2114754207', 'https://openalex.org/W2144638109', 'https://openalex.org/W2151346683', 'https://openalex.org/W2157728190', 'https://openalex.org/W2159482845', 'https://openalex.org/W2166360158', 'https://openalex.org/W2167376541', 'https://openalex.org/W2167688274', 'https://openalex.org/W2318519065', 'https://openalex.org/W2976869771', 'https://openalex.org/W3217001605', 'https://openalex.org/W4211085285', 'https://openalex.org/W4294216483', 'https://openalex.org/W4294326454', 'https://openalex.org/W97648961'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W423371831', 'https://openalex.org/W3101161779', 'https://openalex.org/W3044577873', 'https://openalex.org/W2916376502', 'https://openalex.org/W2777729175', 'https://openalex.org/W2260452057', 'https://openalex.org/W2093500216', 'https://openalex.org/W2053588008', 'https://openalex.org/W1996644818', 'https://openalex.org/W1965468642'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Gas': [1], 'chromatography–mass': [2, 131], 'spectrometry': [3], '(GC‐MS)–based': [4], 'metabolomics': [5, 50, 64], 'is': [6, 134], 'ideal': [7], 'for': [8, 42, 56], 'identifying': [9], 'and': [10, 30, 77, 85, 152, 171], 'quantitating': [11], 'small‐molecule': [12], 'metabolites': [13, 61], '(<650': [14], 'Da),': [15], 'including': [16], 'small': [17], 'acids,': [18, 21, 23, 26], 'alcohols,': [19], 'hydroxyl': [20], 'amino': [22], 'sugars,': [24], 'fatty': [25], 'sterols,': [27], 'catecholamines,': [28], 'drugs,': [29], 'toxins,': [31], 'often': [32], 'using': [33, 73, 129], 'chemical': [34], 'derivatization': [35], 'to': [36, 65, 126], 'make': [37], 'these': [38], 'compounds': [39, 89], 'sufficiently': [40], 'volatile': [41], 'gas': [43], 'chromatography.': [44], 'This': [45, 159], 'unit': [46, 160], 'shows': [47], 'how': [48], 'GC‐MS‐based': [49], 'allows': [51], 'integration': [52], 'of': [53, 59, 105, 157], 'targeted': [54], 'assays': [55], 'absolute': [57], 'quantification': [58], 'specific': [60], 'with': [62, 120], 'untargeted': [63, 127], 'discover': [66], 'novel': [67], 'compounds.': [68], 'Complemented': [69], 'by': [70, 176], 'database': [71], 'annotations': [72], 'large': [74], 'spectral': [75], 'libraries': [76], 'validated': [78], 'standard': [79], 'operating': [80], 'procedures,': [81], 'GC‐MS': [82, 133], 'can': [83, 113], 'identify': [84], 'semiquantify': [86], 'over': [87], '200': [88], 'from': [90, 164], 'human': [91], 'body': [92], 'fluids': [93], '(e.g.,': [94], 'plasma,': [95], 'urine,': [96], 'or': [97], 'stool)': [98], 'per': [99], 'study.': [100], 'Deconvolution': [101], 'software': [102], 'enables': [103], 'detection': [104], 'more': [106], 'than': [107], '300': [108], 'additional': [109], 'unidentified': [110], 'signals': [111], 'that': [112, 138], 'be': [114], 'annotated': [115], 'through': [116], 'accurate': [117, 153], 'mass': [118, 148, 154], 'instruments': [119, 155], 'appropriate': [121], 'data': [122, 167, 172], 'processing': [123], 'workflows,': [124], 'similar': [125], 'profiling': [128], 'liquid': [130], 'spectrometry.': [132], 'a': [135], 'mature': [136], 'technology': [137], 'uses': [139], 'not': [140], 'only': [141], 'classic': [142], 'detectors': [143], '(quadrupole)': [144], 'but': [145], 'also': [146], 'target': [147], 'spectrometers': [149], '(triple': [150], 'quadrupole)': [151], '(quadrupole–time': [156], 'flight).': [158], 'covers': [161], 'sample': [162], 'preparation': [163], 'mammalian': [165], 'samples,': [166], 'acquisition,': [168], 'quality': [169], 'control,': [170], 'processing.': [173], '©': [174], '2016': [175], 'John': [177], 'Wiley': [178], '&': [179], 'Sons,': [180], 'Inc.': [181]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2341031032', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 127}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 124}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 105}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 125}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 74}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 69}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T06:19:33.589497', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}