Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2334387445', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.93.3_133', 'title': 'Internationalization of the Japanese Automobile Industry and International Industrial System of the Japanese Automobile Industry in the World', 'display_name': 'Internationalization of the Japanese Automobile Industry and International Industrial System of the Japanese Automobile Industry in the World', 'publication_year': 1984, 'publication_date': '1984-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2334387445', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.93.3_133', 'mag': '2334387445'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.93.3_133', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography1889/93/3/93_3_133/_pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2914338665', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)', 'issn_l': '0022-135X', 'issn': ['0022-135X', '1884-0884'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography1889/93/3/93_3_133/_pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053415385', 'display_name': 'Yasuo Miyakawa', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39018119', 'display_name': 'Aichi University of Education', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03m964n84', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39018119']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Yasuo MIYAKAWA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. Geography, Aichi University of Education'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. Geography, Aichi University of Education', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I39018119']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5053415385'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I39018119'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 53}, 'biblio': {'volume': '93', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '133', 'last_page': '155'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13057', 'display_name': 'Asian Industrial and Economic Development', 'score': 0.8471, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13057', 'display_name': 'Asian Industrial and Economic Development', 'score': 0.8471, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/factory', 'display_name': 'Factory (object-oriented programming)', 'score': 0.5582574}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91306197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767', 'display_name': 'Competition (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64334154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97509610', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064', 'display_name': 'Internationalization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64019024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40149104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977', 'display_name': 'Factory (object-oriented programming)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5582574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C526921623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117', 'display_name': 'Automotive industry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52736694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.52337587}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155202549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803', 'display_name': 'International trade', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44919986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43103635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778755073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537', 'display_name': 'Scale (ratio)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41382575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136264566', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810', 'display_name': 'Economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40370736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33921343}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18875661}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12960353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58640448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515', 'display_name': 'Cartography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146978453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668', 'display_name': 'Aerospace engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.93.3_133', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography1889/93/3/93_3_133/_pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2914338665', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)', 'issn_l': '0022-135X', 'issn': ['0022-135X', '1884-0884'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.93.3_133', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography1889/93/3/93_3_133/_pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2914338665', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi)', 'issn_l': '0022-135X', 'issn': ['0022-135X', '1884-0884'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_indexed_in_scopus': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.53, 'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 4, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1522916731', 'https://openalex.org/W1530277027', 'https://openalex.org/W2318260272', 'https://openalex.org/W648550168'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4229070655', 'https://openalex.org/W3197576131', 'https://openalex.org/W3136626957', 'https://openalex.org/W3084149923', 'https://openalex.org/W2745205790', 'https://openalex.org/W2592030776', 'https://openalex.org/W2551469356', 'https://openalex.org/W2372917950', 'https://openalex.org/W2355899978', 'https://openalex.org/W2070463782'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 203, 260, 486], 'the': [1, 10, 16, 22, 27, 35, 40, 43, 63, 82, 91, 102, 122, 128, 131, 136, 144, 162, 174, 179, 190, 212, 215, 221, 225, 250, 257, 270, 275, 301, 313, 343, 374, 378, 389, 392, 397, 404, 408, 418, 427, 431, 434, 440, 443, 456, 477, 481, 495, 499, 506], 'number': [2, 314], 'of': [3, 5, 34, 86, 105, 110, 119, 130, 133, 138, 157, 176, 181, 189, 217, 231, 236, 252, 281, 296, 315, 338, 353, 396, 403, 411, 420, 433, 445, 476, 508], 'production': [4, 159, 209, 284], 'automobiles,': [6], 'Japan': [7, 205, 241, 347, 461, 517], 'topped': [8], 'all': [9, 117, 210], 'rest': [11], 'in': [12, 39, 62, 79, 89, 121, 143, 161, 166, 184, 224, 245, 274, 285, 321, 329, 368, 452, 454, 460, 493, 505, 516, 518], '1980,': [13], 'followed': [14], 'by': [15, 74, 439, 463], 'United': [17, 28, 64, 92, 145, 163, 222, 258, 344, 375, 379], 'States,': [18, 146], 'West': [19, 232, 254, 290, 330], 'Germany,': [20], 'France,': [21], 'U.': [23], 'S.': [24, 25], 'R.,': [26], 'Kingdom': [29], 'andItaly.': [30], 'The': [31], 'remarkable': [32], 'development': [33], 'Japanese': [36, 435, 496], 'automobile': [37, 111, 436, 470], 'industry': [38, 399], 'world': [41], 'ledby': [42], 'three': [44], 'notable': [45], 'companies,': [46, 511], 'Toyota,': [47], 'Nissan': [48, 360], 'and': [49, 66, 76, 150, 178, 234, 256, 305, 319, 323, 327, 341, 359, 377, 400, 423, 442, 447, 467, 480, 514], 'Honda': [50, 382], 'receive': [51], 'peculiar': [52], 'attention': [53], 'asthey': [54], 'decided': [55], 'to': [56, 127, 152, 168, 196, 220, 312, 362, 417, 465, 473], 'establish': [57], 'their': [58, 158, 170, 364, 384], 'overseas': [59, 365], 'productive': [60, 366, 385], 'companies': [61, 142, 367, 422, 459], 'States': [65, 164, 223, 268, 345, 376], 'Europe.': [67], 'There': [68], 'is': [69, 99, 269, 300], 'a': [70, 100, 155, 186, 198, 246, 487], 'cooperative': [71], 'company': [72, 471], 'established': [73, 468], 'Toyota': [75, 358], 'G.': [77, 87, 147, 317, 339, 512], 'M.': [78, 88, 318, 340, 513], '1984': [80], 'at': [81], 'siteof': [83], 'Fremont': [84], 'factory': [85], 'California,': [90], 'States.': [93, 259], 'It': [94], 'can': [95], 'be': [96], 'said': [97], 'this': [98, 387], 'symbolof': [101], 'new': [103], 'stage': [104, 429], 'international': [106, 171, 191, 276, 309, 405], 'collaboration': [107], 'for': [108, 201, 394, 401], 'survival': [109], 'companies.Japan': [112], 'has': [113, 348], 'been': [114], 'producing': [115], 'almost': [116], 'sorts': [118], 'automobiles': [120, 335], 'own': [123], 'country': [124], 'with': [125], 'carefulconsideration': [126], 'advantage': [129], 'economy': [132, 175], 'scale': [134, 177], 'since': [135], 'foundation': [137], 'automobileindustry,': [139], 'while': [140], 'leading': [141, 458], 'M.,': [148], 'Ford': [149, 320, 328, 515], 'Chryslerintended': [151], 'get': [153, 197, 474], 'about': [154], 'half': [156], 'not': [160, 349], 'but': [165], 'foreigncountries': [167], 'preserve': [169], 'market.': [172], 'With': [173], 'excellentcontrol': [180], 'its': [182, 282, 297, 412], 'quality,': [183], 'such': [185, 351, 372], 'keen': [187], 'competition': [188], 'market,': [192, 277], 'Japanhas': [193], 'gradually': [194], 'begun': [195], 'strong': [199], 'power': [200], 'exports.': [202], '1981,': [204], 'exported': [206, 333], '54%': [207], 'ofits': [208], 'over': [211], 'country,': [213], 'especially': [214], 'amount': [216], '44.6%': [218], 'came': [219], 'total': [226, 283], 'exports': [227], 'as': [228, 262, 289, 373], 'against': [229], '6.0%': [230], 'Germany': [233, 255, 291, 331], '5.1%': [235], 'Canada.': [237], 'As': [238], 'forthe': [239], 'imports,': [240], 'must': [242], 'find': [243], 'itself': [244], 'difficult': [247], 'situation,': [248], 'shown': [249], 'numbers': [251], 'importsfrom': [253], 'fact,': [261], 'contrasted,': [263], 'we': [264, 293, 490], 'recognize': [265], 'that': [266, 299], 'theUnited': [267], 'most': [271], 'important': [272], 'importer': [273, 304], 'which': [278], 'exportedonly': [279], '8.8%': [280], '1981.': [286], 'So': [287], 'far': [288], 'concerned,': [292], 'shouldthink': [294], 'much': [295], 'character': [298], 'secondary': [302], 'influential': [303], 'also': [306], 'exporter': [307], 'inthe': [308], 'market.With': [310], 'ragrad': [311], 'exports,': [316], 'Canada': [322], 'Opel': [324], '(G.': [325], 'M.)': [326], 'have': [332], 'more': [334], 'than': [336], 'those': [337], 'Fordin': [342], 'respectively.': [346], 'yet': [350], 'sort': [352], 'multinational': [354, 421, 510], 'company.': [355, 485], 'At': [356], 'present,': [357], 'tried': [361], 'develop': [363], 'other': [369], 'advanced': [370], 'countries': [371], 'Kingdom,': [380], 'where': [381], 'hadalready': [383], 'abilities.In': [386], 'paper,': [388], 'author': [390], 'demonstrates': [391], 'factors': [393], 'internationalization': [395, 432], 'Japaneseautomobile': [398], 'evolution': [402], 'system': [406], 'through': [407], 'five': [409], 'stages': [410], 'developments,': [413], 'paying': [414], 'due': [415], 'regards': [416], 'policies': [419], 'ofeach': [424], 'national': [425], 'government.In': [426], 'first': [428], '(-1954),': [430], 'industrywas': [437], 'promoted': [438], 'Army': [441], 'Ministry': [444], 'Commerce': [446], 'Industry,': [448], 'when': [449], 'Manchuriawas': [450], 'constructed': [451], 'China;': [453], '1932,': [455], 'seven': [457], 'led': [462], 'Nissancame': [464], 'Mukuden': [466], 'an': [469], 'there': [472], 'support': [475], 'Manchuriangovern': [478], 'ment': [479], 'South': [482], 'Manchurian': [483], 'Railway': [484], 'short': [488], 'time': [489], 'knowthey': [491], 'ended': [492], 'failure;': [494], 'government': [497], 'put': [498], 'higher': [500], 'import-tariff': [501], 'on': [502], 'automobilesto': [503], 'result': [504], 'closure': [507], 'two': [509], '1939.': [519]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2334387445', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-21T08:29:51.289266', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}