Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2331936027', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318225c2be', 'title': 'DAGitty', 'display_name': 'DAGitty', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-08-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2331936027', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318225c2be', 'mag': '2331936027', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21811114'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318225c2be', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S15470582', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology', 'issn_l': '1044-3983', 'issn': ['1044-3983', '1531-5487'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'letter', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318225c2be', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064760248', 'display_name': 'Johannes Textor', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-9458'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I9341345', 'display_name': 'University of Lübeck', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00t3r8h32', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162705', 'display_name': 'German Institute of Human Nutrition', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xdczy51', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162705']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Johannes Textor', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (Knüppel)', 'Institute for Social Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (Hardt)', 'Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany, [email\xa0protected] (Textor)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Social Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (Hardt)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany, [email\xa0protected] (Textor)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (Knüppel)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162705']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109602533', 'display_name': 'Juliane Hardt', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I9341345', 'display_name': 'University of Lübeck', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00t3r8h32', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162705', 'display_name': 'German Institute of Human Nutrition', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xdczy51', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162705']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Juliane Hardt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (Knüppel)', 'Institute for Social Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (Hardt)', 'Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany, [email\xa0protected] (Textor)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Social Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (Hardt)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany, [email\xa0protected] (Textor)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (Knüppel)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162705']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086188590', 'display_name': 'Sven Knüppel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-9906'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I9341345', 'display_name': 'University of Lübeck', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00t3r8h32', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162705', 'display_name': 'German Institute of Human Nutrition', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xdczy51', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I315704651', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162705']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sven Knüppel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (Knüppel)', 'Institute for Social Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (Hardt)', 'Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany, [email\xa0protected] (Textor)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Social Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (Hardt)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany, [email\xa0protected] (Textor)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9341345']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (Knüppel)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162705']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1053, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.978947, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '22', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '745', 'last_page': '745'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10845', 'display_name': 'Advanced Causal Inference Techniques', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10845', 'display_name': 'Advanced Causal Inference Techniques', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10804', 'display_name': 'Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11235', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials', 'score': 0.9958, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model', 'display_name': 'Causal model', 'score': 0.4493431}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7307545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186399060', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962', 'display_name': 'Diagram', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55304563}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158600405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566', 'display_name': 'Causal inference', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5481931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74197172', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339', 'display_name': 'Directed acyclic graph', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52727205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177264268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741', 'display_name': 'Set (abstract data type)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52268994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777904410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397', 'display_name': 'Software', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50398034}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777735758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765', 'display_name': 'Path (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5005748}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94124525', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550', 'display_name': 'Categorization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44981673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11671645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567', 'display_name': 'Causal model', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4493431}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80444323', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974', 'display_name': 'Theoretical computer science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38176167}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35730797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124101348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491', 'display_name': 'Data mining', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34623125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26401633}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26341027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20351642}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17802426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16604018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D015984', 'descriptor_name': 'Causality', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003196', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Graphics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003627', 'descriptor_name': 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012984', 'descriptor_name': 'Software', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000465', 'descriptor_name': 'Algorithms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014584', 'descriptor_name': 'User-Computer Interface', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318225c2be', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S15470582', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology', 'issn_l': '1044-3983', 'issn': ['1044-3983', '1531-5487'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://journals.lww.com/epidem/fulltext/2011/09000/dagitty__a_graphical_tool_for_analyzing_causal.22.aspx', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21811114', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e318225c2be', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S15470582', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology', 'issn_l': '1044-3983', 'issn': ['1044-3983', '1531-5487'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.76, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 9, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1987604867', 'https://openalex.org/W2010396424', 'https://openalex.org/W2028366245', 'https://openalex.org/W2062594082', 'https://openalex.org/W2089198100', 'https://openalex.org/W2143891888', 'https://openalex.org/W284239745', 'https://openalex.org/W4240211860', 'https://openalex.org/W4294553991'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386240783', 'https://openalex.org/W4378718308', 'https://openalex.org/W4313422683', 'https://openalex.org/W4289440770', 'https://openalex.org/W4282978140', 'https://openalex.org/W4220807758', 'https://openalex.org/W3215034539', 'https://openalex.org/W2894915327', 'https://openalex.org/W2888243788', 'https://openalex.org/W2161504683'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'To': [0, 304], 'the': [1, 52, 55, 68, 151, 169, 204, 241, 251, 327, 379, 399, 421, 432, 482], 'Editor:': [2], 'Causal': [3], 'diagrams,': [4, 130], 'also': [5], 'known': [6], 'as': [7, 402], 'directed': [8], 'acyclic': [9], 'graphs,1,2': [10], 'provide': [11], 'an': [12, 244, 276, 312, 409, 450, 469], 'entirely': [13], 'graphical,': [14], 'yet': [15], 'mathematically': [16], 'rigorous': [17], 'methodology': [18], 'for': [19, 128, 240, 302, 316, 377, 492, 504, 512, 520, 534], 'minimizing': [20], 'bias': [21, 248], 'in': [22, 33, 48, 172, 180, 203, 243, 335, 353, 484], 'epidemiologic': [23], 'studies.3,4': [24], 'The': [25, 102, 218, 386], 'analysis': [26], 'of': [27, 54, 70, 135, 141, 147, 163, 329, 357, 423, 434, 481, 525, 538, 545, 549], 'causal': [28, 83, 173, 198, 212, 236, 413, 435, 453, 463, 515], 'diagrams': [29, 132, 351, 363], 'can': [30, 137, 155, 418], 'be': [31, 293, 370], 'cumbersome': [32], 'practice,': [34], 'and': [35, 60, 62, 81, 115, 174, 177, 199, 211, 431, 436, 456, 459, 476, 489, 495, 506, 509], 'lends': [36], 'itself': [37], 'well': [38], 'to': [39, 79, 113, 121, 150, 160, 187, 235, 256, 261, 266, 271, 292, 325, 372, 381, 393, 398, 448, 457], 'automatization': [40], 'by': [41, 58, 64, 92, 208], 'a': [42, 74, 125, 164, 193, 280, 317, 404], 'computer': [43], 'program.': [44], 'Important': [45], 'first': [46], 'steps': [47], 'this': [49, 285], 'regard': [50], 'include': [51], 'development': [53], 'DAG': [56], 'program': [57], 'Knüppel': [59, 543], 'Stang5': [61], 'dagR': [63], 'Breitling.6': [65], 'We': [66, 439, 500], 'announce': [67], 'release': [69], 'DAGitty,': [71], 'which': [72, 209], 'provides': [73, 192], 'graphical': [75, 391], 'user': [76, 380], 'interface': [77, 392], 'tailored': [78], 'draw': [80], 'analyze': [82], 'diagrams.': [84, 101, 190, 464, 516], 'DAGitty': [85, 167, 465], 'overcomes': [86], 'some': [87], 'performance': [88, 103], 'obstacles': [89], '(pointed': [90], 'out': [91, 480], 'Breitling6)': [93], 'that': [94, 206, 287, 297, 344, 441], 'affect': [95], 'earlier': [96], 'software': [97, 109, 223], 'when': [98, 226, 249], 'analyzing': [99], 'large': [100, 189, 300, 346], 'issues': [104], 'are': [105, 216], '2-fold.': [106], 'First,': [107], 'previous': [108, 222], 'employed': [110], 'back-tracking': [111], 'algorithms5': [112], 'enumerate': [114], 'categorize': [116], 'all': [117], 'paths': [118, 176], 'from': [119, 254], 'exposure': [120, 255], 'outcome.': [122, 257], 'This': [123, 183, 321, 415], 'is': [124, 146, 265, 275, 298, 323, 466, 490], 'reasonable': [126], 'approach': [127, 260], 'small': [129], 'but': [131, 154], 'with': [133, 221, 282, 411], 'tens': [134], 'variables': [136, 210], 'already': [138], 'contain': [139], 'millions': [140, 356], 'paths.': [142], 'A': [143, 258], 'full': [144], 'listing': [145], 'little': [148], 'interest': [149], 'human': [152], 'user,': [153], 'take': [156], 'hours': [157], 'or': [158, 347, 407], 'days': [159], 'generate.': [161], 'Instead': [162], 'path': [165], 'list,': [166], 'identifies': [168], 'subdiagrams': [170], 'involved': [171], 'biasing': [175, 200, 437], 'highlights': [178], 'them': [179], 'different': [181, 358], 'colors.': [182], 'highlighting': [184], 'algorithm7': [185], 'scales': [186], 'very': [188, 345, 348], 'It': [191, 478], 'vivid': [194], 'impression': [195], 'about': [196, 452], 'how': [197], 'effects': [201, 215, 422], '“flow”': [202], 'diagram,': [205, 400], 'is,': [207], 'arrows': [213], 'these': [214, 442], 'mediated.': [217], 'second': [219], 'problem': [220], 'has': [224], 'arisen': [225], 'identifying': [227], 'minimally': [228, 427], 'sufficient': [229, 428], 'adjustment': [230, 239, 429], 'sets': [231, 264, 289, 307, 331, 430], '(MSA': [232], 'sets).': [233], 'According': [234], 'diagram': [237, 281, 454], 'theory,': [238, 455], 'covariates': [242], 'MSA': [245, 263, 277, 306, 330, 339, 359, 384], 'set': [246, 270, 340], 'minimizes': [247], 'estimating': [250], 'total': [252], 'effect': [253], 'straightforward': [259], 'find': [262], 'check': [267], 'each': [268], 'covariate': [269], 'see': [272], 'whether': [273], 'it': [274], 'set.': [278], 'In': [279], '50': [283], 'covariates,': [284], 'means': [286], '250': [288], 'may': [290], 'have': [291, 355], 'tested—a': [294], '16-digit': [295], 'number': [296], 'too': [299], 'even': [301], 'computers.': [303], 'identify': [305], 'more': [308], 'efficiently,': [309], 'we': [310], 'adapted': [311], 'algorithm': [313, 322], 'proposed': [314], 'recently': [315], 'related': [318], 'graph-theoretical': [319], 'problem.8': [320], 'guaranteed': [324], 'output': [326], 'list': [328], 'reasonably': [332], 'quickly': [333], '(ie,': [334], 'polynomial': [336], 'time': [337], 'per': [338], 'output).': [341], 'Note,': [342], 'however,': [343], 'regularly': [349], 'structured': [350], 'could': [352], 'theory': [354], 'sets.': [360, 385], 'If': [361], 'such': [362, 401], 'become': [364], 'practically': [365], 'relevant,': [366], 'further': [367], 'research': [368], 'will': [369, 445], 'necessary': [371], 'develop': [373, 449], 'appropriate': [374, 383], 'computational': [375], 'methods': [376], 'helping': [378], 'choose': [382], 'described': [387], 'algorithms': [388], 'enable': [389], "DAGitty's": [390], 'instantly': [394], 'reflect': [395], 'changes': [396], 'made': [397], 'adding': [403], 'new': [405], 'arrow': [406, 410], 'inverting': [408], 'unclear': [412], 'direction.': [414], 'way,': [416], 'users': [417, 447], 'interactively': [419], 'assess': [420], 'their': [424], 'modifications': [425], 'on': [426], 'flow': [433], 'effects.': [438], 'anticipate': [440], 'interactive': [443], 'possibilities': [444], 'help': [446], 'intuition': [451], 'compare': [458], 'decide': [460], 'among': [461], 'various': [462], 'available': [467, 491], 'under': [468], 'open-source': [470], 'license,': [471], 'allowing': [472], 'free': [473], 'access,': [474], 'redistribution,': [475], 'modification.': [477], 'runs': [479], 'box': [483], 'most': [485], 'modern': [486], 'web': [487], 'browsers': [488], 'online': [493], 'use': [494], 'download': [496], 'at:': [497], 'www.dagitty.net.': [498], 'ACKNOWLEDGMENTS': [499], 'thank': [501], 'Michael': [502], 'Elberfeld': [503], 'discussions,': [505], 'Sabine': [507], 'Schipf': [508], 'Ines': [510], 'Polzer': [511], 'providing': [513], 'example': [514], 'Johannes': [517], 'Textor': [518], 'Institute': [519, 533, 548], 'Theoretical': [521], 'Computer': [522], 'Science': [523], 'University': [524, 537], 'Luebeck': [526, 539], 'Luebeck,': [527, 540], 'Germany': [528, 541, 554], '[email': [529], 'protected]': [530], 'Juliane': [531], 'Hardt': [532], 'Social': [535], 'Medicine': [536], 'Sven': [542], 'Department': [544], 'Epidemiology': [546], 'German': [547], 'Human': [550], 'Nutrition': [551], 'Potsdam-Rehbruecke': [552], 'Nuthetal,': [553]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2331936027', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 94}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 115}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 99}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 98}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 105}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 112}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 102}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 99}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 91}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T22:48:51.367464', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}