Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2327946364', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040439', 'title': 'Photophysical Characterization and in Vitro Phototoxicity Evaluation of 5,10,15,20-Tetra(quinolin-2-yl)porphyrin as a Potential Sensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy', 'display_name': 'Photophysical Characterization and in Vitro Phototoxicity Evaluation of 5,10,15,20-Tetra(quinolin-2-yl)porphyrin as a Potential Sensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-03-31', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2327946364', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040439', 'mag': '2327946364', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27043519', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6273532'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040439', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/4/439/pdf?version=1459425726', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108911230', 'display_name': 'Molecules', 'issn_l': '1420-3049', 'issn': ['1420-3049', '1433-1373'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/4/439/pdf?version=1459425726', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009517075', 'display_name': 'Letícia D. Costa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-950X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76903346', 'display_name': 'University of Coimbra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8k9a98', 'country_code': 'PT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}], 'countries': ['PT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Letícia D Costa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Molecular Physical Chemistry I & D Unit and Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal. [email protected].'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Molecular Physical Chemistry I & D Unit and Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal. [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086957173', 'display_name': 'Joana A. Silva', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-0573'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76903346', 'display_name': 'University of Coimbra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8k9a98', 'country_code': 'PT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}], 'countries': ['PT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Joana de A e Silva', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034303696', 'display_name': 'Sofia M. Fonseca', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-5719'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76903346', 'display_name': 'University of Coimbra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8k9a98', 'country_code': 'PT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}], 'countries': ['PT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sofia M Fonseca', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046521298', 'display_name': 'Cláudia T. Arranja', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-3614'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76903346', 'display_name': 'University of Coimbra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8k9a98', 'country_code': 'PT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}], 'countries': ['PT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cláudia T Arranja', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049900373', 'display_name': 'Ana M. Urbano', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-1697'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76903346', 'display_name': 'University of Coimbra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8k9a98', 'country_code': 'PT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}], 'countries': ['PT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ana M Urbano', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Molecular Physical Chemistry I & D Unit and Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal. [email protected].', 'Research Centre for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal. [email protected].'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Molecular Physical Chemistry I & D Unit and Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal. [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research Centre for Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal. [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066882200', 'display_name': 'A.J.F.N. Sobral', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-027X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76903346', 'display_name': 'University of Coimbra', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8k9a98', 'country_code': 'PT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}], 'countries': ['PT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Abilio J F N Sobral', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal. [email protected].', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 2.246, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 26, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999972, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '439', 'last_page': '439'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10957', 'display_name': 'Photodynamic Therapy in Oncology and Microbiology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10957', 'display_name': 'Photodynamic Therapy in Oncology and Microbiology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10903', 'display_name': 'Role of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines in Materials Chemistry', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10782', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology and Imaging for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phototoxicity', 'display_name': 'Phototoxicity', 'score': 0.95431626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/photodynamic-therapy', 'display_name': 'Photodynamic Therapy', 'score': 0.642208}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/photosensitizers', 'display_name': 'Photosensitizers', 'score': 0.611487}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-yield', 'display_name': 'Quantum yield', 'score': 0.5892624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/photochemical-properties', 'display_name': 'Photochemical Properties', 'score': 0.571841}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/photothermal-therapy', 'display_name': 'Photothermal Therapy', 'score': 0.565674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tetraphenylporphyrin', 'display_name': 'Tetraphenylporphyrin', 'score': 0.4650252}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20639190', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088972', 'display_name': 'Phototoxicity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.95431626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781469039', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18388377', 'display_name': 'Photosensitizer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9537462}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777516457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2413613', 'display_name': 'Singlet oxygen', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9048532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779480358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422926', 'display_name': 'Porphyrin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8676944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781323092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428072', 'display_name': 'Photodynamic therapy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8041228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75473681', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651', 'display_name': 'Photochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.79340625}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.713165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171001562', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2856048', 'display_name': 'Quantum yield', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5892624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181817918', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192275', 'display_name': 'Phosphorescence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5382952}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778401137', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985292', 'display_name': 'Tetraphenylporphyrin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4650252}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91881484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807', 'display_name': 'Fluorescence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.463985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202751555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681', 'display_name': 'In vitro', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18081328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C540031477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629', 'display_name': 'Oxygen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15537474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15050384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06541318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D015179', 'descriptor_name': 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010778', 'descriptor_name': 'Photochemotherapy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017319', 'descriptor_name': 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011166', 'descriptor_name': 'Porphyrins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015179', 'descriptor_name': 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019073', 'descriptor_name': 'HT29 Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008027', 'descriptor_name': 'Light', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015394', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Structure', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017319', 'descriptor_name': 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017319', 'descriptor_name': 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011166', 'descriptor_name': 'Porphyrins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011166', 'descriptor_name': 'Porphyrins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D026082', 'descriptor_name': 'Singlet Oxygen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D026082', 'descriptor_name': 'Singlet Oxygen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013050', 'descriptor_name': 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040439', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/4/439/pdf?version=1459425726', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108911230', 'display_name': 'Molecules', 'issn_l': '1420-3049', 'issn': ['1420-3049', '1433-1373'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/4d658797b3844b7e84c6e791a5daa7ba', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6273532', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6273532?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/10316/108708', 'pdf_url': 'https://estudogeral.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/108708/1/Photophysical-Characterization-and-in-Vitro-Phototoxicity-Evaluation-of-5101520Tetraquinolin2ylporphyrin-as-a-Potential-Sensitizer-for-Photodynamic-TherapyMolecules.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402070', 'display_name': 'Estudo Geral (Universidad de Coimbra)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I76903346', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Coimbra', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76903346'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Coimbra'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273532', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27043519', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040439', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/4/439/pdf?version=1459425726', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S108911230', 'display_name': 'Molecules', 'issn_l': '1420-3049', 'issn': ['1420-3049', '1433-1373'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'score': 0.62, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 42, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1547037881', 'https://openalex.org/W1662391448', 'https://openalex.org/W1974841259', 'https://openalex.org/W1980078464', 'https://openalex.org/W1987531894', 'https://openalex.org/W2002068898', 'https://openalex.org/W2021848398', 'https://openalex.org/W2022684777', 'https://openalex.org/W2023059208', 'https://openalex.org/W2026889493', 'https://openalex.org/W2029225627', 'https://openalex.org/W2032953506', 'https://openalex.org/W2036205949', 'https://openalex.org/W2036475459', 'https://openalex.org/W2038133739', 'https://openalex.org/W2043478099', 'https://openalex.org/W2049554577', 'https://openalex.org/W2054496327', 'https://openalex.org/W2056984273', 'https://openalex.org/W2067580519', 'https://openalex.org/W2068692841', 'https://openalex.org/W2069338070', 'https://openalex.org/W2073514222', 'https://openalex.org/W2085911696', 'https://openalex.org/W2089222447', 'https://openalex.org/W2090257664', 'https://openalex.org/W2095994503', 'https://openalex.org/W2107166355', 'https://openalex.org/W2112239594', 'https://openalex.org/W2114918609', 'https://openalex.org/W2115078257', 'https://openalex.org/W2117124972', 'https://openalex.org/W2120114755', 'https://openalex.org/W2124531971', 'https://openalex.org/W2129339346', 'https://openalex.org/W2137785849', 'https://openalex.org/W2144735883', 'https://openalex.org/W2151734986', 'https://openalex.org/W2152764444', 'https://openalex.org/W2169961966', 'https://openalex.org/W2219978888', 'https://openalex.org/W2333065922'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4297956052', 'https://openalex.org/W4232253072', 'https://openalex.org/W2897712569', 'https://openalex.org/W2889383998', 'https://openalex.org/W2278717151', 'https://openalex.org/W2096364540', 'https://openalex.org/W2060803380', 'https://openalex.org/W2043965584', 'https://openalex.org/W1996877533', 'https://openalex.org/W10339890'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Photodynamic': [0], 'therapy': [1], '(PDT)': [2], 'is': [3], 'a': [4, 15, 19, 44, 72, 79, 104, 128, 177, 182], 'selective': [5, 53], 'and': [6, 24, 84, 95, 130, 149, 196], 'minimally': [7], 'invasive': [8], 'therapeutic': [9], 'approach,': [10], 'involving': [11], 'the': [12, 37, 52, 60, 92, 114, 118, 131, 147, 169, 204], 'combination': [13], 'of': [14, 29, 39, 46, 55, 76, 100, 134, 151, 186, 193], 'light-sensitive': [16], 'compound,': [17], 'called': [18], 'photosensitizer': [20, 61], '(PS),': [21], 'visible': [22], 'light': [23], 'molecular': [25], 'oxygen.': [26], 'The': [27, 64, 88, 161], 'interaction': [28], 'these': [30], 'per': [31], 'se': [32], 'harmless': [33], 'agents': [34], 'results': [35, 162], 'in': [36, 51, 96, 198, 203], 'production': [38], 'reactive': [40], 'species.': [41], 'This': [42], 'triggers': [43], 'series': [45], 'cellular': [47], 'events': [48], 'that': [49, 168], 'culminate': [50], 'destruction': [54], 'cancer': [56, 159], 'cells,': [57], 'inside': [58], 'which': [59], 'preferentially': [62], 'accumulates.': [63], 'search': [65], 'for': [66, 176, 201], 'ideal': [67], 'PDT': [68, 106, 179], 'photosensitizers': [69], 'has': [70], 'been': [71], 'very': [73], 'active': [74], 'field': [75], 'research,': [77], 'with': [78], 'special': [80], 'focus': [81], 'on': [82], 'porphyrins': [83], 'porphyrin-related': [85], 'macrocycle': [86], 'molecules.': [87], 'present': [89], 'study': [90, 166], 'describes': [91], 'photophysical': [93], 'characterization': [94], 'vitro': [97, 199], 'phototoxicity': [98, 200], 'evaluation': [99], '5,10,15,20-tetra(quinolin-2-yl)porphyrin': [101], '(2-TQP)': [102], 'as': [103, 127], 'potential': [105], 'photosensitizer.': [107], 'Molar': [108], 'absorption': [109, 116], 'coefficients': [110], 'were': [111, 153], 'determined': [112, 139], 'from': [113, 163], 'corresponding': [115], 'spectrum,': [117], 'fluorescence': [119], 'quantum': [120, 132, 184], 'yield': [121, 133, 185], 'was': [122, 138], 'calculated': [123], 'using': [124], '5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin': [125], '(TPP)': [126], 'standard': [129], 'singlet': [135, 187], 'oxygen': [136, 188], 'generation': [137, 189], 'by': [140], 'direct': [141], 'phosphorescence': [142], 'measurements.': [143], 'Toxicity': [144], 'evaluations': [145], '(in': [146], 'presence': [148], 'absence': [150, 192], 'irradiation)': [152], 'performed': [154], 'against': [155], 'HT29': [156], 'colorectal': [157], 'adenocarcinoma': [158], 'cells.': [160], 'this': [164], 'preliminary': [165], 'show': [167], 'hydrophobic': [170], '2-TQP': [171], 'fulfills': [172], 'several': [173], 'critical': [174], 'requirements': [175], 'good': [178], 'photosensitizer,': [180], 'namely': [181], 'high': [183], '(Φ∆': [190], '0.62),': [191], 'dark': [194], 'toxicity': [195], 'significant': [197], 'concentrations': [202], 'micromolar': [205], 'range.': [206]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2327946364', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-21T17:48:07.002758', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}