Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2327503280', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00075', 'title': 'Measuring the level of consciousness based on the amount of integrated information', 'display_name': 'Measuring the level of consciousness based on the amount of integrated information', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2327503280', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00075', 'mag': '2327503280'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00075', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S146364893', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Human Neuroscience', 'issn_l': '1662-5161', 'issn': ['1662-5161'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00075', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029912116', 'display_name': 'Naotaka Fujii', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-2884'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Fujii Naotaka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5029912116'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 64}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10429', 'display_name': 'EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces', 'score': 0.994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10429', 'display_name': 'EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces', 'score': 0.994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neural dynamics and brain function', 'score': 0.9667, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10502', 'display_name': 'Advanced Memory and Neural Computing', 'score': 0.918, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-information-theory', 'display_name': 'Integrated information theory', 'score': 0.8349873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/level-of-consciousness', 'display_name': 'Level of consciousness', 'score': 0.5779593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory', 'display_name': 'Information Theory', 'score': 0.45444995}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186720457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087', 'display_name': 'Consciousness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.89731395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111883286', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042884', 'display_name': 'Integrated information theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8349873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1305866', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4530887', 'display_name': 'Electromagnetic theories of consciousness', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5816294}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171525899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17029618', 'display_name': 'Level of consciousness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5779593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188147891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638', 'display_name': 'Cognitive science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5014956}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4952356}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779662365', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694', 'display_name': 'Event (particle physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48314303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52622258', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222', 'display_name': 'Information theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45444995}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44158012}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108170787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828', 'display_name': 'Agency (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4275755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4250861}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3664363}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3443737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34150615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2954991}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2316629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19708505}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18645284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16973478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11517018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00075', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S146364893', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Human Neuroscience', 'issn_l': '1662-5161', 'issn': ['1662-5161'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00075', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S146364893', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Human Neuroscience', 'issn_l': '1662-5161', 'issn': ['1662-5161'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W592563744', 'https://openalex.org/W4387728576', 'https://openalex.org/W4200619584', 'https://openalex.org/W4200230309', 'https://openalex.org/W3123147373', 'https://openalex.org/W2996240002', 'https://openalex.org/W2499426386', 'https://openalex.org/W2327503280', 'https://openalex.org/W2151638228', 'https://openalex.org/W2100256156'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Event': [0, 4], 'Abstract': [1, 491, 493, 549], 'Back': [2, 551], 'to': [3, 57, 169, 172, 185, 195, 215, 260, 349, 374, 477, 552, 566], 'Measuring': [5, 318], 'the': [6, 12, 58, 64, 73, 81, 120, 124, 132, 154, 187, 196, 218, 233, 237, 245, 252, 256, 263, 271, 319, 325, 367, 382, 388, 404, 428, 434, 569], 'level': [7, 82, 272, 320], 'of': [8, 14, 39, 62, 66, 75, 83, 102, 104, 117, 127, 156, 212, 220, 265, 273, 321, 327, 390, 406, 430], 'consciousness': [9, 105, 226, 322], 'based': [10, 130, 323], 'on': [11, 131, 324, 571], 'amount': [13, 65, 126, 219, 326], 'integrated': [15, 59, 128, 159, 188, 221, 238, 328], 'information': [16, 60, 76, 118, 129, 160, 222, 239], 'Masafumi': [17, 460, 498, 509, 521, 532], 'Oizumi1,': [18], '2*,': [19], 'Toru': [20, 500, 511, 523, 534], 'Yanagawa1,': [21], 'Shun-ichi': [22, 502, 513, 525, 536], 'Amari1,': [23], 'Naotsugu': [24, 504, 515, 527, 538], 'Tsuchiya1,': [25], '3,': [26], '4': [27, 49], 'and': [28, 52, 95, 111, 142, 175, 209, 314, 356, 377, 419, 426, 436, 443, 482], 'Naotaka': [29, 506, 517, 529, 540], 'Fujii1': [30], '1': [31], 'RIKEN,': [32, 462], 'Brain': [33, 463], 'Science': [34, 51, 464], 'Institute,': [35, 465], 'Japan': [36, 50, 55], '2': [37, 296], 'University': [38], 'Wisconsin': [40], '-': [41, 295], 'Madison,': [42], 'United': [43], 'States': [44], '3': [45], 'Monash': [46], 'University,': [47], 'Australia': [48], 'Technology': [53], 'Agency,': [54], 'According': [56], 'theory': [61, 86, 246], 'consciousness,': [63, 236], 'integration': [67], 'information,': [68, 262, 278], 'which': [69, 266], 'is': [70, 78, 227, 385, 555], 'defined': [71], 'within': [72], 'framework': [74], 'theory,': [77], 'correlated': [79, 269], 'with': [80, 202, 270, 480], 'consciousness.': [84, 157, 274], 'The': [85, 340, 379, 494], 'has': [87, 165], 'been': [88, 166, 347], 'indirectly': [89], 'supported': [90], 'by': [91, 360, 387], 'recent': [92], 'clinical': [93], 'observations': [94], 'experimental': [96, 176], 'evidences': [97], 'showing': [98], 'that': [99, 231, 251], 'various': [100], 'forms': [101], 'loss': [103], 'such': [106], 'as': [107, 150, 244, 371, 401, 403], 'anesthesia,': [108], 'dreamless': [109], 'sleep,': [110], 'vegetative': [112], 'state': [113], 'results': [114, 249], 'from': [115], 'disintegration': [116], 'in': [119, 140, 161, 205, 240, 342, 381, 496, 544, 560, 564], 'brain.': [121], 'Thus,': [122], 'measuring': [123], 'exact': [125], 'real': [133], 'neuronal': [134], 'data': [135, 199], 'would': [136, 144], 'be': [137, 145, 268, 422, 427, 478], 'tremendously': [138], 'important': [139], 'clinics,': [141], 'it': [143, 151], 'also': [146], 'theoretically': [147], 'very': [148], 'interesting': [149], 'may': [152, 420], 'solve': [153], 'mystery': [155], 'However,': [158], 'any': [162, 350], 'realistic': [163], 'organisms': [164], 'extremely': [167], 'difficult': [168], 'compute': [170], 'due': [171], 'several': [173], 'computational': [174], 'challenges.': [177], 'Here,': [178], 'we': [179], 'propose': [180], 'a': [181, 372, 411], 'novel': [182], 'practical': [183], 'measure': [184, 194], 'quantify': [186], 'information.': [189, 329], 'We': [190, 229], 'applied': [191], 'our': [192], 'new': [193], 'electrocorticogram': [197], '(ECoG)': [198], 'simultaneously': [200], 'recorded': [201], '128': [203], 'electrodes': [204], 'four': [206], 'monkeys': [207], 'before': [208], 'after': [210], 'injection': [211], 'anesthetic': [213], 'drugs': [214], 'test': [216], 'whether': [217], 'actually': [223], 'drops': [224], 'when': [225, 232], 'lost.': [228], 'found': [230], 'monkey': [234], 'lost': [235], '8-24Hz': [241], 'sharply': [242], 'dropped': [243], 'predicted.': [247], 'Our': [248], 'imply': [250], 'low-frequency': [253], 'activity': [254], 'across': [255], 'brain': [257], 'might': [258, 267], 'serve': [259], 'integrate': [261], 'degree': [264], 'Keywords:': [275], 'Consciousness,': [276], 'Integrated': [277], 'Anesthesia,': [279], 'electrocorticography': [280], '(ECoG),': [281], 'monkey,': [282], 'Information': [283], 'Theory': [284], 'Conference:': [285], 'ACNS-2012': [286, 332], 'Australasian': [287, 333], 'Cognitive': [288, 334], 'Neuroscience': [289, 335], 'Conference,': [290], 'Brisbane,': [291], 'Australia,': [292], '29': [293], 'Nov': [294, 455], 'Dec,': [297], '2012.': [298, 456], 'Presentation': [299, 302], 'Type:': [300], 'Oral': [301], 'Topic:': [303], 'Other': [304], 'Citation:': [305], 'Oizumi': [306, 499, 510, 522, 533], 'M,': [307], 'Yanagawa': [308, 501, 512, 524, 535], 'T,': [309], 'Amari': [310, 503, 514, 526, 537], 'S,': [311], 'Tsuchiya': [312, 505, 516, 528, 539], 'N': [313, 316], 'Fujii': [315, 507, 518, 530, 541], '(2012).': [317], 'Conference': [330], 'Abstract:': [331], 'Conference.': [336], 'doi:': [337], '10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00075': [338], 'Copyright:': [339], 'abstracts': [341, 384], 'this': [343, 572], 'collection': [344, 405], 'have': [345], 'not': [346, 358], 'subject': [348, 429], 'Frontiers': [351, 368, 437, 481, 497, 545], 'peer': [352], 'review': [353], 'or': [354, 393, 487], 'checks,': [355], 'are': [357, 363, 408, 438], 'endorsed': [359], 'Frontiers.': [361], 'They': [362], 'made': [364], 'available': [365], 'through': [366], 'publishing': [369], 'platform': [370], 'service': [373], 'conference': [375], 'organizers': [376], 'presenters.': [378], 'copyright': [380], 'individual': [383], 'owned': [386], 'author': [389], 'each': [391], 'abstract': [392], 'his/her': [394], 'employer': [395], 'unless': [396], 'otherwise': [397], 'stated.': [398], 'Each': [399], 'abstract,': [400], 'well': [402], 'abstracts,': [407], 'published': [409], 'under': [410], 'Creative': [412], 'Commons': [413], 'CC-BY': [414], '4.0': [415], '(attribution)': [416], 'licence': [417], '(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)': [418], 'thus': [421], 'reproduced,': [423], 'translated,': [424], 'adapted': [425], 'derivative': [431], 'works': [432], 'provided': [433], 'authors': [435], 'attributed.': [439], 'For': [440], 'Frontiers’': [441], 'terms': [442], 'conditions': [444], 'please': [445], 'see': [446, 567], 'https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions.': [447], 'Received:': [448], '25': [449], 'Oct': [450], '2012;': [451], 'Published': [452], 'Online:': [453], '07': [454], '*': [457], 'Correspondence:': [458], 'Dr.': [459], 'Oizumi,': [461], 'Wako-City,': [466], 'Saitama,': [467], '351-0198,': [468], 'Japan,': [469], '[email protected]': [470], 'Login': [471], 'Required': [472], 'This': [473], 'action': [474], 'requires': [475], 'you': [476], 'registered': [479], 'logged': [483], 'in.': [484], 'To': [485], 'register': [486], 'login': [488], 'click': [489], 'here.': [490], 'Info': [492], 'Authors': [495], 'Google': [508, 519, 546], 'Scholar': [520, 547], 'PubMed': [531, 548], 'Related': [542], 'Article': [543], 'Close': [550], 'top': [553], 'Javascript': [554, 559], 'disabled.': [556], 'Please': [557], 'enable': [558], 'your': [561], 'browser': [562], 'settings': [563], 'order': [565], 'all': [568], 'content': [570], 'page.': [573]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2327503280', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T07:46:07.785197', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}