Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2320835086', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198812040-00156', 'title': 'Release of noradrenaline into the cerebrovascular circulation in patients with primary hypertension', 'display_name': 'Release of noradrenaline into the cerebrovascular circulation in patients with primary hypertension', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2320835086', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198812040-00156', 'mag': '2320835086', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3241241'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198812040-00156', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S115964404', 'display_name': 'Journal of Hypertension', 'issn_l': '0263-6352', 'issn': ['0263-6352', '1473-5598'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011375886', 'display_name': 'Murray Esler', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-7658'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801993434', 'display_name': 'The Alfred Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wddqe20', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801993434', 'https://openalex.org/I4210163178']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Murray D. Esler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['the Baker Medical Research Institute and the Clinical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'the Baker Medical Research Institute and the Clinical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801993434']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066602408', 'display_name': 'Garry Jennings', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7865-5483'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801993434', 'display_name': 'The Alfred Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wddqe20', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801993434', 'https://openalex.org/I4210163178']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Garry L. Jennings', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['the Baker Medical Research Institute and the Clinical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'the Baker Medical Research Institute and the Clinical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801993434']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086606783', 'display_name': 'Gavin Lambert', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-645X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801993434', 'display_name': 'The Alfred Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wddqe20', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801993434', 'https://openalex.org/I4210163178']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gavin W. Lambert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['the Baker Medical Research Institute and the Clinical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'the Baker Medical Research Institute and the Clinical Research Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801993434']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.382, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 19, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.778626, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 85, 'max': 86}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': 'S494', 'last_page': '496'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10706', 'display_name': 'Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances', 'score': 0.9849, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10706', 'display_name': 'Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances', 'score': 0.9849, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10144', 'display_name': 'Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies', 'score': 0.9805, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11700', 'display_name': 'Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy', 'score': 0.9608, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-circulation', 'display_name': 'Cerebral circulation', 'score': 0.5776696}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.836045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.71486545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119671327', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886843', 'display_name': 'Cerebral circulation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5776696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778514916', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186242', 'display_name': 'Norepinephrine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.57428634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157767197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886843', 'display_name': 'Cerebral blood flow', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47290978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46670628}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164705383', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379', 'display_name': 'Cardiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44736198}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39426678}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C513476851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304', 'display_name': 'Dopamine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.091763645}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006973', 'descriptor_name': 'Hypertension', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009638', 'descriptor_name': 'Norepinephrine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001812', 'descriptor_name': 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006973', 'descriptor_name': 'Hypertension', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009638', 'descriptor_name': 'Norepinephrine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198812040-00156', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S115964404', 'display_name': 'Journal of Hypertension', 'issn_l': '0263-6352', 'issn': ['0263-6352', '1473-5598'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'host_organization_name': 'Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315671', 'https://openalex.org/P4310318547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lippincott Williams & Wilkins', 'Wolters Kluwer'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3241241', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.6, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2400592423', 'https://openalex.org/W2324925659', 'https://openalex.org/W2166688422', 'https://openalex.org/W2054491688', 'https://openalex.org/W2044985824', 'https://openalex.org/W2029739536', 'https://openalex.org/W2007920416', 'https://openalex.org/W2006923825', 'https://openalex.org/W1997653766', 'https://openalex.org/W1973095062'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 56], 'conventional': [1], 'view': [2], 'is': [3], 'that': [4], 'a': [5, 18, 208], '`blood-brain': [6], "barrier'": [7], 'prevents': [8], 'the': [9, 12, 21, 51, 90, 112, 116, 123, 131, 135, 142, 171, 188], 'passage': [10], 'into': [11, 50, 211], 'bloodstream': [13], 'of': [14, 48, 58, 147, 160, 224], 'noradrenaline': [15, 28, 49, 59, 126, 137, 152, 162, 177, 189, 204], 'released': [16], 'as': [17], 'transmitter': [19], 'in': [20, 40, 66, 79, 89, 215], 'brain.': [22], 'When': [23], 'we': [24], 'tested': [25], 'directly': [26], 'for': [27, 158], 'spillover,': [29, 187], 'sampling': [30, 220], 'via': [31], 'high': [32], 'right': [33, 67], 'and': [34, 73, 106, 144, 197], 'left': [35, 80, 102], 'internal': [36], 'jugular': [37, 68, 96, 103], 'venous': [38, 69, 92, 203], 'catheters': [39], '22': [41], 'untreated': [42], 'patients': [43], 'with': [44, 218], 'primary': [45, 216], 'hypertension,': [46, 217], 'release': [47, 163], 'cerebrovascular': [52, 199], 'circulation': [53], 'was': [54, 60, 128, 154], 'detected.': [55], 'concentration': [57, 120, 139], '14.8%': [61], '(mean': [62, 75], '0.29': [63], 'nmol/l)': [64, 77], 'higher': [65, 78, 117], 'than': [70], 'arterial': [71], 'plasma,': [72], '29.8%': [74], '0.55': [76], '(both': [81], 'P': [82], '<': [83], '0.02,': [84], "Student's": [85], 'paired': [86], 't-test).': [87], 'Asymmetry': [88], 'cerebral': [91, 132, 151, 186], 'drainage': [93], 'pattern': [94], '(right': [95], 'typically': [97], 'largely': [98], 'represents': [99], 'cortical': [100, 225], 'flow,': [101, 134], 'subcortical': [104, 227], 'flow)': [105], 'flow': [107], 'rate': [108], '(usually': [109], 'lower': [110], 'on': [111, 122], 'left)': [113], 'may': [114, 206], 'underlie': [115], 'venoarterial': [118, 136], 'plasma': [119, 133, 138, 165], 'gradient': [121, 140], 'left.': [124], 'Cerebral': [125], 'overflow': [127, 190], 'calculated': [129], 'from': [130, 181, 194, 226], 'across': [141], 'brain': [143, 195, 213], 'transcerebral': [145], 'extraction': [146], 'radiolabelled': [148], 'noradrenaline.': [149], 'Mean': [150], 'spillover': [153, 178], '220': [155], 'pmol/min,': [156], 'accounting': [157], '9.1%': [159], 'total': [161], 'to': [164, 192], '(determined': [166], 'by': [167], 'isotope': [168], 'dilution).': [169], 'Since': [170], 'ganglionic': [172], 'blocker': [173], 'arfonad': [174], 'reduced': [175], 'whole-body': [176], '(principally': [179], 'derived': [180], 'sympathetic': [182, 200], 'nerves),': [183], 'but': [184], 'not': [185, 198], 'appears': [191], 'originate': [193], 'neurones': [196], 'nerves.': [201], 'Jugular': [202], 'measurements': [205], 'provide': [207], 'direct': [209], "`window'": [210], 'noradrenergic': [212], 'mechanisms': [214], 'bilateral': [219], 'perhaps': [221], 'allowing': [222], 'differentiation': [223], 'neurotransmitter': [228], 'function.': [229]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2320835086', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T01:35:32.664189', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}