Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2319014579', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01082073', 'title': 'Soot-visualization strategies using laser techniques', 'display_name': 'Soot-visualization strategies using laser techniques', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2319014579', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01082073', 'mag': '2319014579'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01082073', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S182865820', 'display_name': 'Applied Physics B', 'issn_l': '0946-2171', 'issn': ['0946-2171', '1432-0649'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065429302', 'display_name': 'Per-Erik Bengtsson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-7465'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I187531555', 'display_name': 'Lund University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012a77v79', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I187531555']}], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. -E. Bengtsson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I187531555']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109150881', 'display_name': 'M. Ald�n', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I187531555', 'display_name': 'Lund University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012a77v79', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I187531555']}], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Ald�n', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I187531555']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2790, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 3590, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.96, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 131, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.980008, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '60', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '51', 'last_page': '59'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11111', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy and Laser Applications', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11111', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy and Laser Applications', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10075', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10117', 'display_name': 'Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1507', 'display_name': 'Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/incandescence', 'display_name': 'Incandescence', 'score': 0.9283507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-fraction', 'display_name': 'Volume fraction', 'score': 0.4569138}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775925408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13174856', 'display_name': 'Soot', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9645495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49249380', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877096', 'display_name': 'Incandescence', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9283507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.72865385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520434653', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6252835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1342733', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452891', 'display_name': 'Laser-induced fluorescence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51572233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153385146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335', 'display_name': 'Radiation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46642405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46531156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65590680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909482', 'display_name': 'Volume fraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4569138}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91881484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807', 'display_name': 'Fluorescence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45451164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C113196181', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry (journal)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45442677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125287762', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948', 'display_name': 'Absorption (acoustics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42099288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105923489', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235', 'display_name': 'Combustion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26231855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16087466}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08294806}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107872376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355', 'display_name': 'Environmental chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07263976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06436753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01082073', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S182865820', 'display_name': 'Applied Physics B', 'issn_l': '0946-2171', 'issn': ['0946-2171', '1432-0649'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 15, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1973184082', 'https://openalex.org/W1975457668', 'https://openalex.org/W1988492909', 'https://openalex.org/W1989987497', 'https://openalex.org/W1996015614', 'https://openalex.org/W1999707638', 'https://openalex.org/W2033292471', 'https://openalex.org/W2041844670', 'https://openalex.org/W2052940026', 'https://openalex.org/W2055466302', 'https://openalex.org/W2058403658', 'https://openalex.org/W2069966498', 'https://openalex.org/W2077896671', 'https://openalex.org/W2085347328', 'https://openalex.org/W2090594326'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W933537110', 'https://openalex.org/W569322532', 'https://openalex.org/W2384510845', 'https://openalex.org/W2319014579', 'https://openalex.org/W2270146969', 'https://openalex.org/W22576882', 'https://openalex.org/W1967673426', 'https://openalex.org/W1927315729', 'https://openalex.org/W1604441822', 'https://openalex.org/W1525205174'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2319014579', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T23:20:40.878455', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}