Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2318651191', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200022276', 'title': 'The Historical Experiment as a Research Strategy in the Study of World Politics', 'display_name': 'The Historical Experiment as a Research Strategy in the Study of World Politics', 'publication_year': 1977, 'publication_date': '1977-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2318651191', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200022276', 'mag': '2318651191'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200022276', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S61028752', 'display_name': 'Social Science History', 'issn_l': '0145-5532', 'issn': ['0145-5532', '1527-8034'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089745946', 'display_name': 'J. David Singer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-4961'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27837315', 'display_name': 'University of Michigan–Ann Arbor', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jmfr291', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'J. David Singer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The University of Michigan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of Michigan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5089745946'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27837315'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 8, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.864398, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 78, 'max': 80}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '22'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13051', 'display_name': 'Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research', 'score': 0.9958, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13051', 'display_name': 'Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research', 'score': 0.9958, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13721', 'display_name': 'Political Science Research and Education', 'score': 0.987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10070', 'display_name': 'Political Conflict and Governance', 'score': 0.9847, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75276643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47941915', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107885', 'display_name': 'Speculation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6487452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118084267', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110', 'display_name': 'Positive economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5576317}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780791683', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785', 'display_name': 'Action (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53150576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49047348}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9652623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109', 'display_name': 'Field (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4862672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168031717', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280', 'display_name': 'Balance (ability)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47537082}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38341063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32846317}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29481637}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25718874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15445635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.076728284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200022276', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S61028752', 'display_name': 'Social Science History', 'issn_l': '0145-5532', 'issn': ['0145-5532', '1527-8034'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.57, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8', 'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 51, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1515242458', 'https://openalex.org/W1533052379', 'https://openalex.org/W1533179050', 'https://openalex.org/W1970175292', 'https://openalex.org/W1974653834', 'https://openalex.org/W1982749266', 'https://openalex.org/W1985028352', 'https://openalex.org/W1986351749', 'https://openalex.org/W1995603988', 'https://openalex.org/W2008773258', 'https://openalex.org/W2014781793', 'https://openalex.org/W2019597485', 'https://openalex.org/W2020170508', 'https://openalex.org/W2021285996', 'https://openalex.org/W2056493741', 'https://openalex.org/W2062714399', 'https://openalex.org/W2071462561', 'https://openalex.org/W2073772675', 'https://openalex.org/W2075129888', 'https://openalex.org/W2077556346', 'https://openalex.org/W2092356758', 'https://openalex.org/W2094419105', 'https://openalex.org/W2094845076', 'https://openalex.org/W2102254801', 'https://openalex.org/W2131485230', 'https://openalex.org/W2137633346', 'https://openalex.org/W2149944134', 'https://openalex.org/W2169745383', 'https://openalex.org/W2317704037', 'https://openalex.org/W2318854472', 'https://openalex.org/W2319151288', 'https://openalex.org/W2323579418', 'https://openalex.org/W2325893227', 'https://openalex.org/W2326387739', 'https://openalex.org/W2327024784', 'https://openalex.org/W2329222477', 'https://openalex.org/W2332080572', 'https://openalex.org/W2332215282', 'https://openalex.org/W2332271373', 'https://openalex.org/W2333981369', 'https://openalex.org/W2411087141', 'https://openalex.org/W2411286253', 'https://openalex.org/W2794319915', 'https://openalex.org/W2797706914', 'https://openalex.org/W2798326044', 'https://openalex.org/W3004326177', 'https://openalex.org/W4251514815', 'https://openalex.org/W4251519471', 'https://openalex.org/W4300944962', 'https://openalex.org/W4302552667', 'https://openalex.org/W655760826'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4250172181', 'https://openalex.org/W4243792164', 'https://openalex.org/W3107943460', 'https://openalex.org/W3091416521', 'https://openalex.org/W2799624154', 'https://openalex.org/W2489870153', 'https://openalex.org/W2381171456', 'https://openalex.org/W2147782221', 'https://openalex.org/W2076161440', 'https://openalex.org/W2003989576'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'As': [0], 'one': [1, 250, 287, 316], 'looks': [2], 'back': [3], 'on': [4, 220, 248, 257], 'the': [5, 12, 39, 51, 57, 73, 76, 102, 106, 118, 141, 164, 168, 182, 211, 216, 227, 239, 249, 253, 258, 274, 293], 'important': [6], 'developments': [7], 'in': [8, 43, 50, 67, 75, 80, 105, 117, 159, 167, 273, 284], 'political': [9, 89, 109, 296], 'science': [10], 'over': [11], 'past': [13], 'two': [14, 233], 'decades,': [15], 'there': [16], 'is': [17, 41, 56, 72, 238, 262], 'much': [18], 'to': [19, 27, 95, 115, 161, 221, 231, 310, 318], 'be': [20, 25, 101, 131, 150], 'applauded.': [21], 'While': [22], 'it': [23, 48], 'may': [24], 'premature': [26], 'say': [28], 'that': [29, 88, 263], 'we': [30, 134, 156, 171], 'have': [31, 112, 155, 172, 198, 279], 'come': [32], '“of': [33], 'age”': [34], 'as': [35, 194, 196, 292], 'a': [36, 144, 177, 244], 'scientific': [37, 96], 'discipline,': [38], 'field': [40], 'clearly': [42], 'better': [44], 'shape': [45], 'today': [46], 'than': [47, 282], 'was': [49], 'early': [52], '1950s.': [53], 'One': [54, 237], 'indicator': [55], 'ratio': [58], 'between': [59, 243, 295], 'mere': [60], 'speculation': [61], 'and': [62, 120, 125, 174, 189, 218, 252, 298, 327], 'observed': [63], 'empirical': [64, 277], 'regularities': [65], 'reported': [66], 'our': [68, 84, 185, 329], 'journal': [69], 'articles.': [70], 'Another': [71], 'decline': [74], 'percentage': [77], '(if': [78], 'not': [79, 93, 136, 200], 'absolute': [81], 'numbers)': [82], 'of': [83, 108, 122, 146, 180, 184, 210, 223, 241, 265, 276, 289, 303], 'colleagues': [85], 'who': [86, 111, 271], 'insist': [87], 'phenomena': [90], 'are': [91, 331], 'just': [92], 'amenable': [94], 'examination.': [97], 'A': [98], 'third': [99], 'might': [100], 'dramatic': [103], 'increase': [104], 'number': [107], 'scientists': [110], 'been': [113, 280, 325], 'exposed': [114], 'training': [116], 'techniques': [119], 'rationale': [121], 'data': [123, 126], 'making': [124], 'analysis.': [127], 'The': [128], 'list': [129], 'could': [130], 'extended,': [132], 'but': [133, 170], 'need': [135, 254], 'do': [137], 'so': [138], 'here.': [139], 'On': [140], 'other': [142], 'hand,': [143], 'stance': [145], 'comfortable': [147], 'complacency': [148], 'would': [149], 'very': [151], 'premature.': [152], 'Not': [153], 'only': [154], 'fared': [157], 'badly': [158], 'coming': [160], 'grips': [162], 'with': [163, 286], 'knowledge-action': [165], 'relationship': [166, 294], 'abstract,': [169], 'by': [173], 'large': [175], 'done': [176], 'poor': [178], 'job': [179], 'shaping': [181], 'policies': [183], 'respective': [186], 'national,': [187], 'provincial,': [188], 'local': [190], 'governments.': [191], 'Since': [192], 'others': [193], 'well': [195], 'myself': [197], 'dealt—if': [199], 'definitively—with': [201], 'these': [202], 'issues': [203], 'before,': [204], 'let': [205], 'me': [206], 'eschew': [207], 'further': [208], 'discussion': [209], 'knowledge': [212], 'application': [213], 'question': [214], 'for': [215, 246, 255], 'moment,': [217], 'go': [219], 'matters': [222], 'basic': [224], 'research.': [225], 'Of': [226], 'more': [228, 281], 'serious': [229], 'flaws': [230], 'date,': [232], 'stand': [234], 'out': [235], 'particularly.': [236], 'lack': [240], 'balance': [242], 'concern': [245], 'cumulativeness': [247], 'hand': [251], 'innovation': [256], 'other.': [259], 'My': [260], 'impression': [261], 'students': [264, 302], 'national': [266], 'politics': [267, 306], '(at': [268], 'least': [269], 'those': [270], 'work': [272], 'vineyard': [275], 'regularities)': [278], 'conscientious': [283], 'staying': [285], 'set': [288], 'problems,': [290], 'such': [291], 'attitudes': [297], 'voting': [299], 'behavior.': [300], 'But': [301], 'inter': [304], '-national': [305], 'have,': [307], 'conversely,': [308], 'tended': [309], 'move': [311], 'all': [312], 'too': [313], 'quickly': [314], 'from': [315], 'problem': [317], 'another,': [319], 'long': [320], 'before': [321, 328], 'cumulative': [322], 'evidence': [323], 'has': [324], 'generated': [326], 'findings': [330], 'integrated': [332], 'into': [333], 'coherent': [334], 'wholes.': [335]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2318651191', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T00:13:10.243905', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}