Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2318135967', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3966', 'title': 'Numerical investigation of 3D two-phase turbulent flows in solid rocket motors', 'display_name': 'Numerical investigation of 3D two-phase turbulent flows in solid rocket motors', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-07-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2318135967', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3966', 'mag': '2318135967'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3966', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306499245', 'display_name': '34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091776629', 'display_name': 'A. Ciucci', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802536511', 'display_name': 'Italian Aerospace Research Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cqx0m58', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802536511']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alessandro Ciucci', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Italian Aerospace Research Center, Capua, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Italian Aerospace Research Center, Capua, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802536511']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047377841', 'display_name': 'Gianluca Iaccarino', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-7745'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802536511', 'display_name': 'Italian Aerospace Research Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cqx0m58', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802536511']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gianluca Iaccarino', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Italian Aerospace Research Center, Capua, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Italian Aerospace Research Center, Capua, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802536511']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080925765', 'display_name': 'M. Amato', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-3889'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802536511', 'display_name': 'Italian Aerospace Research Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cqx0m58', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802536511']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marcello Amato', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Italian Aerospace Research Center, Capua, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Italian Aerospace Research Center, Capua, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802536511']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 13, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.81634, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 80, 'max': 81}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12513', 'display_name': 'Hybrid Rocket Propulsion and Stability Analysis', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12513', 'display_name': 'Hybrid Rocket Propulsion and Stability Analysis', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10806', 'display_name': 'Energetic Materials and Reactive Force Fields', 'score': 0.9911, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10406', 'display_name': 'Exploration and Study of Mars', 'score': 0.978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-fuel-rocket', 'display_name': 'Solid-fuel rocket', 'score': 0.74386966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-rocket-motors', 'display_name': 'Solid Rocket Motors', 'score': 0.562799}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-dynamics-simulations', 'display_name': 'Molecular Dynamics Simulations', 'score': 0.531602}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-rocket-propulsion', 'display_name': 'Hybrid Rocket Propulsion', 'score': 0.514081}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102019270', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280602', 'display_name': 'Solid-fuel rocket', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.74386966}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196558001', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132', 'display_name': 'Turbulence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6956646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146978453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668', 'display_name': 'Aerospace engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56315696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44280652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837', 'display_name': 'Phase (matter)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48704913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40564623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3772422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3320701}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32823896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23986524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76737569', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364934', 'display_name': 'Propellant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3966', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306499245', 'display_name': '34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.69, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1574035520', 'https://openalex.org/W1603579846', 'https://openalex.org/W1965110592', 'https://openalex.org/W1969918188', 'https://openalex.org/W1988502883', 'https://openalex.org/W2000751003', 'https://openalex.org/W2003935561', 'https://openalex.org/W2009271413', 'https://openalex.org/W2021503817', 'https://openalex.org/W2025056103', 'https://openalex.org/W2032370626', 'https://openalex.org/W2034808253', 'https://openalex.org/W2065414536', 'https://openalex.org/W2077810470', 'https://openalex.org/W2088803119', 'https://openalex.org/W2105773440', 'https://openalex.org/W2320988945', 'https://openalex.org/W2322004118', 'https://openalex.org/W2327596716', 'https://openalex.org/W2327965976', 'https://openalex.org/W4239462953'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3132224992', 'https://openalex.org/W3024677544', 'https://openalex.org/W2330752019', 'https://openalex.org/W2183348492', 'https://openalex.org/W2156423260', 'https://openalex.org/W2047302638', 'https://openalex.org/W2044044694', 'https://openalex.org/W1979675345', 'https://openalex.org/W1975449517', 'https://openalex.org/W1965115948'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0, 455], 'numerical': [1, 431], 'investigation': [2, 446], 'of': [3, 84, 169, 191, 201, 218, 226, 250, 266, 284, 300, 337, 355, 363, 408, 418, 433, 447, 457, 516, 525], 'the': [4, 32, 40, 51, 126, 164, 175, 183, 187, 199, 202, 230, 255, 261, 267, 272, 285, 293, 301, 312, 318, 331, 341, 356, 361, 383, 393, 404, 409, 414, 434, 445, 448, 474, 491, 513], 'three-dimensional': [5, 428], 'turbulent': [6, 406, 471], 'flow': [7, 123, 313, 389, 436, 466], 'in': [8, 20, 96, 125, 143, 198, 213, 234, 270, 292, 298, 311, 317, 340, 352, 378, 392, 427, 438], 'a': [9, 14, 44, 60, 71, 75, 81, 119, 277, 364, 439], 'solid': [10, 63, 154, 366, 440], 'rocket': [11, 64, 155, 367, 441], 'motor': [12, 116, 214, 302, 357, 394, 442], 'with': [13, 74, 322, 490, 521], 'submerged,': [15], 'vectored': [16], 'nozzle': [17, 77, 82, 256, 274, 286, 385], 'is': [18, 48, 113, 128, 236, 257], 'presented': [19], 'this': [21], 'paper.': [22], 'The': [23, 245], 'simulations': [24], 'have': [25, 55, 78, 93, 133, 149, 452, 459], 'been': [26, 56, 79, 88, 94, 134, 150, 453, 460], 'performed': [27], 'employing': [28], 'an': [29, 67, 109, 325], 'Eulerian-Lagrangian': [30], 'approach:': [31], 'full': [33], 'Navier-Stokes': [34], 'equations': [35], 'are': [36, 107, 172, 180, 252, 396], 'solved': [37], 'numerically': [38], 'for': [39, 50, 136, 473, 493], 'gas': [41, 475], 'phase': [42], 'and': [43, 70, 118, 121, 139, 179, 204, 221, 224, 242, 316, 349, 421, 470, 518, 527], 'Lagrangian': [45], 'deterministic': [46], 'model': [47], 'adopted': [49], 'discrete': [52], 'phase.': [53], 'Computations': [54], 'carried': [57], 'out': [58], 'on': [59], 'realistic': [61], 'segmented': [62], 'motor.': [65, 368], 'Both': [66], 'axisymmetric': [68, 326], 'configuration': [69], '3-D': [72, 105, 338], 'geometry': [73], 'canted': [76], 'studied:': [80], 'deflection': [83, 279], '6': [85], 'degrees': [86], 'has': [87], 'assumed.': [89], 'Three': [90], 'grid': [91, 101], 'levels': [92], 'used': [95], 'all': [97], 'computations': [98], 'to': [99, 160, 207, 238, 308, 324, 399, 403, 444], 'check': [100], 'independence.': [102], 'Very': [103], 'strong': [104, 289, 419], 'effects': [106, 291, 305], 'predicted:': [108], 'asymmetric': [110], 'pressure': [111, 240], 'gradient': [112], 'established': [114], 'at': [115, 174, 276], 'aft-end,': [117], 'vortical': [120], 'circumferential': [122, 370], 'pattern': [124], 'aft-dome': [127, 395], 'obtained.': [129], 'Alumina': [130], 'droplets': [131, 168], 'trajectories': [132, 321], 'computed': [135], 'two': [137], 'diameters': [138], 'different': [140], 'injection': [141, 412], 'points;': [142], 'most': [144], 'cases,': [145], 'three-dimensional,': [146], 'swirling': [147], 'paths': [148], 'predicted.': [151], 'Introduction': [152], 'Many': [153], 'motors': [156], 'employ': [157], 'aluminized': [158], 'propellants': [159], 'increase': [161], 'performance.': [162], 'During': [163], 'combustion': [165, 184, 423], 'process': [166, 333], 'liquid': [167, 227], 'aluminum': [170], 'oxide': [171], 'produced': [173], 'propellant': [176], 'grain': [177, 415], 'surface,': [178, 416], 'dragged': [181], 'into': [182], 'chamber': [185, 424], 'by': [186, 374, 509, 512], 'internal': [188, 295, 435], 'flow.': [189], 'Some': [190], 'these': [192], 'droplets,': [193], 'under': [194], 'certain': [195, 278], 'circumstances,': [196], 'collect': [197], 'aft-end': [200, 343], 'booster': [203, 294, 342], 'give': [205], 'rise': [206], 'alumina': [208, 251, 319], 'slag': [209, 449], 'deposition': [210, 332, 450], 'which': [211, 271, 328], 'results': [212], 'performance': [215], "loss',": [216], 'damage': [217], 'thermal': [219], 'protection,': [220], 'possible': [222], 'sloshing': [223], 'ejection': [225], 'agglomerates': [228], 'through': [229, 254], "nozzle;'": [231], '3': [232], 'this,': [233], 'turn,': [235], 'believed': [237], 'cause': [239], 'pulses': [241], 'thrust': [243, 262], 'imbalance.': [244], 'possibilities': [246], 'that': [247], 'large': [248], 'lumps': [249], 'exhausted': [253], 'even': [258], 'greater': [259], 'during': [260, 360], 'vector': [263], 'controlled': [264], 'phases': [265], 'vehicle': [268], 'ascent,': [269], 'gimbaled': [273, 282], 'operates': [275], 'angle.': [280], 'This': [281], 'position': [283], 'may': [287, 306, 329], 'induce': [288], 'threedimensional': [290], 'flow,': [296, 410], 'especially': [297, 426], 'proximity': [299], 'aft-dome.': [303], 'These': [304], 'lead': [307], 'significant': [309], 'changes': [310], 'field': [314, 390, 437], 'patterns': [315], 'droplet': [320], 'respect': [323], 'configuration,': [327], 'influence': [330], 'significantly.': [334], 'Experimental': [335], 'evidence': [336], 'motions': [339], 'region': [344], 'exists': [345], 'today.': [346], 'Slag': [347], 'movement': [348], 'preferential': [350], 'accumulation': [351], 'one': [353], 'sector': [354], 'were': [358, 372], 'observed': [359, 373], 'testing': [362], 'strategic-size': [365], 'Also,': [369], 'flows': [371], 'Waesche': [375], 'et': [376], 'al.': [377], 'water': [379], 'tunnel': [380], 'tests': [381], 'when': [382], 'submerged': [384], 'was': [386], 'gimbaled.': [387], 'Booster': [388], 'characteristics': [391], 'very': [397], 'difficult': [398], 'predict': [400], 'accurately': [401], 'due': [402], 'two-phase': [405], 'nature': [407], 'mass': [411], 'from': [413], 'regions': [417], 'recirculation': [420], 'complex': [422], 'geometry,': [425], 'configurations.': [429], 'Several': [430], 'analyses': [432], 'directed': [443], 'phenomenon': [451], 'performed.': [454], 'variety': [456], 'models': [458], 'adopted:': [461], 'inviscid': [462], 'rotational': [463], 'or': [464], 'viscous': [465], 'models,': [467, 472], 'including': [468], 'laminar': [469], '*': [476], 'Aerospace': [477, 484, 500], 'Engineer,': [478, 485, 501], 'Propulsion': [479], 'Section,': [480, 504], 'Head;': [481], 'Member': [482], 'AIAA': [483], 'Computational': [486, 502], 'Methods': [487, 503], 'Section;': [488], 'currently': [489], 'Center': [492], 'Turbulence': [494], 'Research,': [495], 'Stanford': [496], 'University,': [497], 'Stanford,': [498], 'CA': [499], 'Head': [505], 'Copyright': [506], '©': [507], '1998': [508], 'CIRA.': [510], 'Published': [511], 'American': [514, 523], 'Institute': [515, 524], 'Aeronautics': [517, 526], 'Astronautics,': [519], 'Inc.': [520], 'permission': [522], 'Astronautics': [528]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2318135967', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T09:41:22.925113', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}