Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2315123323', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3001666', 'title': 'The Combination of Estimates from Different Experiments', 'display_name': 'The Combination of Estimates from Different Experiments', 'publication_year': 1954, 'publication_date': '1954-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2315123323', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3001666', 'mag': '2315123323'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3001666', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S8265502', 'display_name': 'Biometrics', 'issn_l': '0006-341X', 'issn': ['0006-341X', '1541-0420'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109564937', 'display_name': 'William G. Cochran', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'William G. Cochran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5109564937'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3710, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3710, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.406, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 4782, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.989933, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '10', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '101', 'last_page': '101'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10770', 'display_name': 'Soil Geostatistics and Mapping', 'score': 0.9898, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10770', 'display_name': 'Soil Geostatistics and Mapping', 'score': 0.9898, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11911', 'display_name': 'Spatial and Panel Data Analysis', 'score': 0.9564, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11871', 'display_name': 'Advanced Statistical Methods and Models', 'score': 0.9176, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/constant', 'display_name': 'Constant (computer programming)', 'score': 0.49238527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bliss', 'display_name': 'BLISS', 'score': 0.44795385}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780586882', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643', 'display_name': 'Simple (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5056112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777027219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190', 'display_name': 'Constant (computer programming)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49238527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49087816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47905576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9652623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109', 'display_name': 'Field (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4656848}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780658912', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877155', 'display_name': 'BLISS', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44795385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36725545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3257962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16462043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.075199604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3001666', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S8265502', 'display_name': 'Biometrics', 'issn_l': '0006-341X', 'issn': ['0006-341X', '1541-0420'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.73, 'display_name': 'Zero hunger', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 11, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1971354147', 'https://openalex.org/W1978100064', 'https://openalex.org/W2025567657', 'https://openalex.org/W2068819339', 'https://openalex.org/W2074790166', 'https://openalex.org/W2105642394', 'https://openalex.org/W2318073859', 'https://openalex.org/W2330535462', 'https://openalex.org/W2413573154', 'https://openalex.org/W2587072524', 'https://openalex.org/W2802898185'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4200131266', 'https://openalex.org/W3212259716', 'https://openalex.org/W2884598295', 'https://openalex.org/W2477081420', 'https://openalex.org/W2387715358', 'https://openalex.org/W2334720037', 'https://openalex.org/W2316146925', 'https://openalex.org/W2313933600', 'https://openalex.org/W2100847845', 'https://openalex.org/W2033249454'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'When': [0], 'we': [1], 'are': [2, 214, 245, 324], 'trying': [3], 'to': [4, 20, 215, 222, 233, 238, 277, 294], 'make': [5], 'the': [6, 17, 22, 39, 55, 59, 72, 86, 136, 144, 147, 204, 211, 235, 239, 249, 279, 283, 287, 299, 318, 326], 'best': [7], 'estimate': [8, 77, 83, 172], 'of': [9, 24, 54, 58, 67, 79, 85, 89, 99, 124, 135, 149, 168, 225, 241, 266, 273, 282, 296, 306, 320], 'some': [10, 226, 242, 304], 'quantity': [11, 128], 'A': [12], 'that': [13, 71, 323], 'is': [14, 30, 34, 64, 260, 276], 'available': [15], 'from': [16, 27], 'research': [18], 'conducted': [19], 'date,': [21], 'problem': [23, 33, 167], 'combining': [25, 267], 'results': [26], 'different': [28, 45, 48, 106, 113, 122, 195, 274, 297], 'experiments': [29, 93, 118, 275, 288], 'encountered.': [31], 'The': [32, 92, 127, 166, 197, 252, 263], 'often': [35], 'troublesome,': [36], 'particularly': [37], 'if': [38], 'individual': [40], 'estimates': [41, 268], 'were': [42], 'made': [43, 269], 'by': [44, 105, 177, 189], 'workers': [46], 'using': [47], 'procedures.': [49], 'This': [50, 313], 'paper': [51, 258, 314], 'discusses': [52], 'one': [53], 'simpler': [56], 'aspects': [57], 'problem,': [60], 'in': [61, 112, 121, 139, 153, 194, 209, 218, 270, 290, 328], 'which': [62, 256, 329], 'there': [63], 'sufficient': [65], 'uniformity': [66], 'experimental': [68], 'methods': [69], 'so': [70], 'ith': [73], 'experiment': [74], 'provides': [75], 'an': [76, 82], 'xi': [78, 90, 129], 'u,': [80], 'and': [81, 180, 182, 188], 'si': [84], 'standard': [87], 'error': [88], '.': [91], 'may': [94, 130, 301], 'be,': [95], 'for': [96, 185, 192, 203], 'example,': [97], 'determinations': [98], 'a': [100, 125, 132, 140, 154, 158, 163, 170, 271], 'physical': [101, 141], 'or': [102, 108, 115, 143, 157, 162, 292], 'astronomical': [103], 'constant': [104], 'scientists,': [107], 'bioassays': [109, 193], 'carried': [110], 'out': [111, 120], 'laboratories,': [114], 'agricultural': [116, 186], 'field': [117], 'laid': [119], 'parts': [123], 'region.': [126], 'be': [131, 295, 310], 'simple': [133], 'mean': [134, 281, 322], 'observations,': [137], 'as': [138, 152, 261], 'determination,': [142], 'difference': [145], 'between': [146], 'means': [148], 'two': [150, 199], 'treatments,': [151], 'comparative': [155], 'experiment,': [156], 'median': [159], 'lethal': [160], 'dose,': [161], 'regression': [164], 'coefficient.': [165], 'making': [169], 'combined': [171], 'has': [173], 'been': [174], 'discussed': [175], 'previously': [176], 'Cochran': [178, 183], '(1937)': [179], 'Yates': [181], '(1938)': [184], 'experiments,': [187], 'Bliss': [190], '(1952)': [191], 'laboratories.': [196], 'last': [198], 'papers': [200], 'give': [201], 'recommendations': [202, 237, 316], 'practical': [205, 236], 'worker.': [206], 'My': [207], 'purposes': [208], 'treating': [210], 'subject': [212], 'again': [213], 'discuss': [216], 'it': [217], 'more': [219, 311], 'general': [220], 'terms,': [221], 'take': [223, 278], 'account': [224], 'recent': [227], 'theoretical': [228], 'research,': [229], 'and,': [230], 'I': [231], 'hope,': [232], 'bring': [234], 'attention': [240], 'biologists': [243], 'who': [244], 'not': [246], 'acquainted': [247], 'with': [248, 255], 'previous': [250], 'papers.': [251], 'basic': [253], 'issue': [254], 'this': [257], 'deals': [259], 'follows.': [262], 'simplest': [264], 'method': [265], 'number': [272], 'arithmetic': [280], 'estimates.': [284], 'If,': [285], 'however,': [286], 'vary': [289], 'size,': [291], 'appear': [293], 'precision,': [298], 'investigator': [300], 'wonder': [302], 'whether': [303], 'kind': [305], 'weighted': [307, 321], 'meani': [308], 'would': [309], 'precise.': [312], 'gives': [315], 'about': [317], 'kinds': [319], 'appropriate,': [325], 'situations': [327], 'they': [330]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2315123323', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 279}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 318}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 309}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 302}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 293}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 240}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 239}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 226}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 241}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 256}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 278}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 315}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 272}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T07:49:46.528581', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}